English Grammar

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Exercise on Adjectives for Class 9 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Adjectives Of Comparison
Adjectives of comparison are used to compare nouns. There are three types of adjectives of comparison:

1. The positive form is used to compare two equal nouns.
Example:

• Milan is as naughty as Amol.

2. The comparative form is used to compare two unequal nouns.
Example:

• Neha is taller than her sister.

3. The superlative form is used to compare three or more nouns.
Example:

• Delhi is the most polluted city in India.

Adjectives Exercise Solved Example for Class 9 CBSE

Diagnostic Test 14

Circle The Correct Option.

Question 1.
Smriti is older/the oldest than all of her sisters.
Answer:
older

Question 2.
Mudit is taller/the tallest person in his family.
Answer:
the tallest

Question 3.
Though all your friends are nice, but Ipshita is the nicer/the nicest.
Answer:
the nicest

Question 4.
My new car is fast/faster than my old one.
Answer:
faster

Question 5.
My bedroom is the colder/the coldest room in the house.
Answer:
the coldest

Question 6.
A three-year-old’s voice is the loudest/louder than two hundred people in a busy restaurant.
Answer:
louder

Question 7.
Of all the sports in the Olympics, which one is more dangerous/the most dangerous?
Answer:
the most dangerous

Question 8.
I know that my handwriting is bad but yours is the worst/worse.
Answer:
worse

Question 9.
Sujit is a bit short/shorter than Gaurav.
Answer:
shorter

Question 10.
If you wish to earn more money work hard/harder.
Answer:
harder

Score: For each correct answer award yourself 1 mark. 8-10 – good 7 or less – You need to develop your grammar skills through adequate practice.

Adjectives Exercise Practice Example for Class 9 CBSE

Fill in the blanks using suitable forms of the adjectives given in brackets.

a. Sujata is the ………………………. (quiet) and ………………………. (unassuming) person I have come across while Akshay is the ………………………. (fun-loving). I cannot digest the fact that they have become one of the ………………………. (quarrelsome) couples that I know.

b. Nishith is looking for the ………………………. (cheap) apartment he can get. Of all the flats that he has seen, he is ………………………. (happy) about the one (near) my house.

c. Of all the students in my class. Abhishek is the ………………………. (maladjusted). Luckily for him, his instructors are ………………………. (patient) towards him than his classmates.

For sentences in the active voice, the subject performs the action; for those in the passive voice, the subject receives the action. Most grammarians recommend using the active voice whenever possible. Here are some examples to help you distinguish between the voices:

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 10 English Chapter wise.

Active And Passive Voice Exercises for Class 10 With Answers CBSE Pdf

• In the active sentence, the focus is on the doer of the action. Therefore it is in Active Voice.
• In the passive sentence, the focus is on the receiver of the action. Therefore it is in Passive Voice.

The Active Voice
The active voice is more direct than the passive.
Example:

• The boy hit the ball.
• The subject (the boy) + an active verb (hit) + an object (the ball).

Sentences in active voice are generally clearer and more direct than those in the passive voice.

The Passive Voice
1. The passive voice calls attention to the receiver of the action rather than the performer.
Example:

• The dog was hit by a stone.

2. The passive voice points out the receiver of the action when the performer is unknown or unimportant.
Example:

• The letters will be posted.

3. It avoids calling attention to the performer of the action (known as the ‘institutional passive’).
Example:

• The donations; will be collected on Monday.
  

  Active Voice	Passive Voice
  1.  He writes a book. 2.   He is writing a book. 3.   He has written a book. 4.   He wrote a book. 5.   He was writing a book. 6.   He had written a book. 7.   He will write a book.	A book is written by him. A book is being written by him. A book has been written by him. A book was written by him. A book was being written by him. A book had been written by him. A book will be written by him.

Active And Passive Voice Exercises Solved Example With Answers for Class 10 CBSE

Diagnostic Test – 28

Look at the flow chart which contains information on how to prepare rasam. Read the information and complete the passage given below.

It is very easy to cook rasam. First of all, a teaspoonful of jeera, (a) …………………… in a mixer. Then a fistful of tamarind (b) …………………… water and a tomato (c) …………………… cubes. Next a teaspoonful of oil (d) …………………… in it. After that a glass (e) …………………… Finally salt is (f) …………………… and the rasam is ready.
Answer:
(a) black pepper and dried chillies are blended
(b) is soaked in
(c) is sliced into tiny
(d) is heated and the spices and the tomato cubes are fried
(e) of water along with the tamarind water is added and boiled

Score: For each correct answer award yourself 1 mark. 3-2 – good 2 or less – you need to develop grammar skills through adequate practice

Active And Passive Voice Exercises Practice Example With Answers for Class 10 CBSE

complete the news stories accompanying the following headlines by filling in the blanks.

1. 50 Killed in Bus Accident in Himachal
…………………… early on Friday when their bus returning from Kullu fell into a deep gorge while negotiating a curve in the mountains.

2. Telephone Calls to Become Expensive
Telephone calls …………………… from the 1st of July according to the MTNL spokesperson Mr. Ravinder Verma.

3. Work on Metro Commences on 21 st August
…………………… said the Chairman of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.

4. Poor Visibility Delays Flight by Almost Three Hours
A number of …………………… fog and poor visibility.

5. Indian Wins Silver Medal at Olympics
Major R.S. Rathore, the shooting champion, made India proud …………………… Olympic Games at Athens.

A report is a factual description of an issue or a problem. A report is written for a clear purpose and for a particular audience. Various forms of reports are: newspaper reports, inquiry reports, progress or action taken report, a police report, a report of a meeting, etc., each having a distinct character and format.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Report Writing for Class 9 CBSE Format, Examples, Topics, Samples, Types

Format:

Headline: Every news article has a headline to attract the attention of the reader. The headline must state the topic of the news in a strong, short phrase or statement. A headline must be: catchy brief – leave out articles, prepositions etc. where possible and use abbreviations/shortened word-forms. Byline: Since this is your report, you need to let the reader know who wrote it. The line with your name on it is called the “Byline” because it says by who the article is written by. Write the word “By” followed by your first and last name. On the next line, write the name of your school and city. Lead Paragraph: A lead paragraph usually answers the questions: who, what, where, when, why. Remember to write about these in your lead paragraph: name or names of the person or thing this news is about the place where this incident happened the day, date and time of the day when it happened details of the incident reasons why the incident happened Paragraph 2: Eyewitness accounts add to the authenticity of the news. Also, they may interest the reader. Include some quotes from the eyewitnesses’ comments. Also describe what they felt about the incident. Paragraph 3: Describe the future course of action being planned. Note: Remember to use simple, clear but formal language.

Report Writing Sample Exercise Examples for Class 9 CBSE

A newspaper reporter reported on a purse snatching. Below you can see his notes. Use the information to complete the report he wrote for his newspaper. Do not add any new information. Do not exceed 120 words.

1100 a.m. 08/O 1/2OXX South Extension – Kishore, 19 yr oid mechanic Motihari, Bihar, snatches bag with ₹60, 000 senior citizen Aaron – HSBC – dropped some papers. Attention diverted raised an alarm. alert passers-by chased and caught youth

Report Writing Practice Exercise Examples for Class 9 CBSE

1. Sharad has attended a press conference where the issue of ragging in schools and colleges was discussed. He took some notes which he later expanded into a newspaper report. Write the report in not more than 120 words.

Bullying/ragging very common in schools and colleges, victims – shy and quiet children from rural and small towns, Initiators – senior students generally in groups, Result – trauma/physical/mental abuse/sometimes death, Punishment – suspension / rigorous imprisonment

2. Akshay is the school reporter who writes as a cub reporter for the HT Pace Newspaper. He has been asked to cover the annual day celebrations in his school. First he makes some notes. Look at the given notes and help him to write the report.

Annual Day on 23 October 20xx at 5 p.m. onwards Venue: Talkatora Stadium Chief Guest: Famous writer Amitava Ghosh Play: A Merchant of Venice, directed by Barry John, famous theatre personality Brilliant performances/memorable occasion Watched by parents and guests

A speech is used to convey information orally to a number of people. The purpose of a speech is:

• to convince the listeners about the speaker’s point of view
• to pass on a wide range of information
• to express an opinion, share a point of view, experience, observation, etc.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Speech Writing for Class 9 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises PDF

A speech is a formal talk delivered to an audience.

Format:
1. Opening paragraph – quotation/opening statement

• salutation
• your views

2. What you feel about the topic .
3. What others feel and what you have to say
4. Summing up:

• your ideas must be clear
• use language that is easily understood
• persuasive tone – don’t you agree …/Isn’t it?
• speak of issues that concern the listener
• use anecdotes, questions, humour
• be brief

Speech Writing Solved Exercises Examples Class 9 CBSE

You are the Secretary of the Youth Club of your school.

Your city was hit by a cyclone. You want the students, teachers, NGOs and the government to arrange all possible help in terms of money, materials such as clothes, food, medicines and also shelter for the victims. Write a speech in about 200 words to be delivered at a public function on behalf of your school.

Speech Writing Practice Exercises Examples Class 9 CBSE

1. You are Nancy/Nayan. You have been chosen to represent your school in the All India Inter-school Speech Competition organized by the Rotary Club, Indore.

The topic for the speech is: Role of Students in Nation Building. Using the hints given below and your own ideas write the speech. Do not exceed 120 words.

future of the nation	power and energy-dynamic	youth required to carry out developmental activities
carry the message of science and technology to all parts		need to be open-minded
fight corruption	embrace diversity	rise to the occasion

2. More and more schools are sending their students on adventure trips and camps where children learn to live close to nature and try their hand at rock-climbing, white-water rafting, bungee jumping, paragliding and other adventure sports. You have been on one such trip and decide to deliver a speech in the school assembly to motivate other children to participate in such activities. Write the speech in not more than 120 words.

Email, which is short for electronic mail, is a convenient method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. It is the quickest way to send a letter.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Email Writing Class 9 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises PDF

An email, short for electronic mail, is a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. It is the quickest way to communicate in writing.

Email messages consist of two major sections:

1. A header consisting of – subject, sender, receiver, date and time. The date and time are fed into the computer and need not be entered.
2. A body that contains the message. It can be a formal/informal letter depending on the purpose for which it is written.

Keep the following tips in mind while composing emails:
Subject

• It should be brief.
• It should give a clue to the content of the message.
• It need not be a complete sentence.

Salutation
Dear Sir/first name of the person Opening statement

• Begin with a pleasantry or greeting.
• When replying to a message write – Thank you for your message/I received your message.

Paragraphs

• Each main idea should be in a separate paragraph, making it easy for the reader to understand the message.
• Use complete sentences (no SMS language).

Complimentary close
Regards/Love
Name

Email Writing Sample Email Examples for Class 9 CBSE

You are an employee of a big multinational company called XYZ Pvt. Ltd. All the employees are required to write an email to their supervising manager when they have to go on a leave. Write an email to your manager, Ms Jindal requesting leave for two days because you are down with the flu.

Date: Friday, 23 March 20xx 09:30

From: JJ. Krish@xyz.com

To: M.Jindal@xyz.com

Subject: Request for leave

Dear Ms Jindal, I am writing this letter to inform you that I will not be able to come for work for the next two days i.e., 24th and 25th March. I have caught the flu and the doctor has advised me to take complete bed rest for the next two days. I have completed most of my assigned work. If there is any work that is important and urgent, please contact me on my home number. Thank you for your consideration.Yours sincerely, JJ. Krish

Email Writing Practice Email Examples for Class 9 CBSE

1 You are Pankaj/Priyanka, living in the students’ hostel of Cambridge Mission School, Mumbai. Write an email to your brother, telling him of an interesting weekend you spent at your friend’s house.

2. You are Tarun/Taruna, living at C-4, Janakpuri, New Delhi. You ordered one dozen electronic toys, out of which some have been damaged during postal delivery. Write an email to the manager of M/S Toyland and Co., requesting him to replace the damaged toys immediately. Do not exceed 120 words.

3. You are James/Sania, who has just passed out of class XII, Humanities stream with 83 percent marks. You are not clear about the available options and courses in colleges. You have come across an advertisement on career counseling by an eminent educationist. Write an email to her, asking her for more details about vocational courses offered by the university in your town. Do not exceed 120 words.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate. It contains a verb and sometimes other components too. So, how do we distinguish what is a clause and how exactly is it different from a phrase?

Clauses Exercises With Answers for Class 9 CBSE PDF

Each part of the sentence contains a subject and a predicate of its own. As there are two parts of the sentence, there are two clauses.

• Main Clause
• Subordinate Clause

1. Main Clause: The teacher told him. It is also called the Principal clause/independent clause as this clause makes complete sense.

2. Subordinate Clause: That he was late. This clause is called a subordinate or dependent clause as by itself, it does not make complete sense. It is dependent on the main clause for its complete sense.

3. A relative clause is a type of clause that begins with a relative pronoun or relative adverb. It can be categorized under the subordinate clause. The relative clause is connected to the main clause byword such as whom, who, that, why, where, etc.

Example:

• I first saw him in London, – where I lived in the late nineties.
  (Main clause) – (relative clause)

4. An adverb clause is a type of clause that modifies verbs. It is a clause which can be classified under the relative clause. Much like an adverb, the adverb clause adds information to the meaning of a word or they help in describing it. It tells us the when, how, where, why, what, and to what extent things happened or happen,
Example:

• When I was in Agra. I saw the Taj Mahal.
• Raj stayed over until the rains ceased.
• You need to practice regularly if you want to learn to the guitar.
• In the event of an emergency, call the police.

The above examples show two forms of an adverb clause. It is of condition and time.

In the case of the adverb clause for time, when as well until is used whereas in the adverb clause for condition, words such as if and in the event is used.

5. Noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun. They can be either a subject or an object,
Example:

• Jack: I like cakes.
• Jack: I like what i see.

In the given example, we see two instances of clauses, one is the main clause where Jack i.e., I, states that he likes cakes, and in the second instance what i see replaces cakes(noun).

Let’s take a famous quote by Woody alien, ‘My one regret in life is that I am not someone else.’ Can you figure out which is the noun clause?

Clauses Exercises Solved Examples With Answers for Class 9 CBSE

Diagnostic Test 20

Question 1.
Identify the underlined words and choose whether they are adverb clause of time or condition. Make sure you pick the correct answer as some of the underlined words are not a clause.
(a) As soon as he finished studying. Sam went home.
(b) After the flood, the family moved into a temporary shelter.
(c) If you go back in time, you can see dinosaurs.
(d) If it rains, we will not go out.
(e) We know the cake is done when the timer rings.
Answer:
(a) adverb clause of condition
(b) adverb clause of time
(c) adverb clause of condition
(d) adverb clause of condition
(e) adverb clause of time

Question 2.
Identify at least three noun clauses in this short passage.
Julia d’ Souza loved baking cakes. She would make fluffy ones for her grandmother, chocolate cakes for her nephews and finally tall white vanilla cream cakes for special events.

One day, a customer came in for a look. She went through the entire store and loudly declared, ‘I like what I see’. She came up to the counter and said, ‘I need to speak with the baker’.

Julia wasn’t in the shop that day because poor grandmamma was not feeling too well.

The shy girl, Chiri, was behind the counter. She said. ‘I don’t know how she can be reached.’ Annoyed at this, Ms. Noronha placed a card on the counter and said, ‘If the owner is interested in selling this place, tell her to give me a call. Otherwise, I have other means to persuade.’

What she said was loud and clear. She meant to buy the bakery.

Upon her return, Julia found a distressed Chiri. Chiri explained to her what happened. Julia patted herself and jumped around looking for something. ‘Where I put my things is a mystery,’ she humbly quipped. At last, she drags an old phonebook out of a trunk and takes out an old dilapidated card. The card read Mr. JK. Singh, miracle worker.

Chiri was more curious. Who is this miracle worker? What could he possibly do?

All her questions disappeared the moment he saw Mr. JK Singh, the miracle worker walk into the bakery the very next day.
Answer:

• ‘I like what I see’.
• I don’t know how she can be reached
• What she said was loud and clear

Score: For each correct answer award yourself 1 mark. 3-4 – good 2 or less – You need to develop your vocabulary and understanding through adequate practice.

The exercises below are for practice. Each type in the examination paper will carry 4 marks instead of 3.

A story is an account of imaginary or real people and events told for entertainment. Stories cast a magic spell on all of us and have mind-altering effects. Stories give us inspiration and sometimes challenge our beliefs.

Story writing is an art It is the oldest form of written composition. It is a work of imagination that is written in an easily understandable grammatical structure. a short story is meant to be read in a single sitting and therefore it should be as direct and brief as possible.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 10 English Chapter wise.

Story Writing for Class 10 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

A story can be defined as the events in the order in which they happened. In fact, a story is a work of fiction usually written in prose in a narrative format. A good story must contain the following elements.

• Setting – The Time and Location
• Plot – Sequence of events in a story in which the readers learn them.
• Characters – At least two characters that are consistent, motivated, and life-like.
• Theme – The central idea or the thoughts of the author.

Elements Of Short Stories

1. Title: The title arouses interest, evokes curiosity, and focuses attention on the theme of the story.
2. Plot: The plot is a planned, logical series of events in a story having a beginning, middle, and end. A short story usually has one plot so it can be read in one sitting. There are six essential parts of a plot:

• Exposition is the beginning of the story where the characters, setting, and background are revealed.
• Conflict is the struggle between opposing forces. Every plot must have some kind of conflict. Stories can have more than one conflict. The struggle could be between:
  • Man vs. Man – struggle between two or more individuals
  • Man vs. Himself – internal struggle concerning emotions, decisions etc; this conflict takes place in the mind
  • Man vs. Nature – the struggle between a person and an element of nature or the environment, or outside forces or obstacles
  • Man vs. Society – struggle between a person and society, customs and practices
  • Man vs. Fate – struggle between a person and fate
• Rising action – the events in the story that complicate or intensify the central conflict in the story (events between the introduction and climax)
• Climax – highest point of interest and the turning point of the story
• Falling action – events that lead to resolution as complications begin to resolve themselves
• Resolution – the final outcome of the conflict.

3. Theme: The theme in a piece of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight. It is the author’s underlying meaning or main idea that he is trying to convey. The title of the short story often points to what the writer is saying and he may use various figures of speech to emphasize his theme. The theme is always an abstract idea like love, hate, youth, despair, identity, the futility of violence, the innocence of youth, etc. We can ask – is any of the imagery strongly connected to the central themes or ideas? Are there any recurring images?

4. Character: The character is generally the central or focal element in a story. Characters are convincing if they are consistent, motivated, and life-like. Characterization is the information the author gives the reader about the characters themselves. In order for a story to seem real to the reader, its characters must seem real. The author may reveal a character in several ways:

• physical description
• speech and actions of the character
• direct comment from the narrator
• speech and actions of other characters or what others say about her/him and how
• how others react to her/him

Types of Characters

By and large, there are four types of characters:
Round: These are complex personalities who are presented in detail.
Dynamic: These are many-sided personalities that change, for better or worse, by the end of the story.
Flat: These are personalities characterized by one or two traits only.
Static: These are unchanged through the course of the story.
When analysing characters, we look at:
Motivation: cause of/reason for actions
Behaviour: actions of the character
Consequences: results of actions
Responsibility: moral, legal or mental accountability
Expectations: what the reader expects

5. Mood and Setting
Setting – The time and location in which a story takes place is called the setting.
There are several aspects of a story’s setting to consider when examining how the setting contributes to a story:

• Place – Geographical location; Where is the action of the story taking place?
• Time – When is the story taking place? (Historical period, time of day, year, etc)
• Weather conditions – Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc?
• Social conditions – What is the daily life of the characters like?
• Does the story contain local colour (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)?
• Mood or atmosphere – What mood is created? Is it bright and cheerful or tense, dark, and frightening? Is there a sense of pathos? Is there suspense, etc?

6. Point of View – The Angle from Which the Story is Told
Omniscient – The author tells the story using the third person. The author knows all of what is done, said, felt, and thought by all the characters.
Limited omniscient – The author tells the story in the third person, but limits observations of thoughts and
feelings to one character; the author presents the story through this character’s eyes. ‘
Omniscient Objective – The author tells the story in the third person. It appears as though a camera is following the characters and recording only what is seen and heard. No interpretations are offered. The reader is placed in the position of the spectator, without the author there to explain. The reader has to interpret events on his own.
First-person – One character tells the story in the first person. The reader sees and knows only as much as the narrator.
Innocent Eye – The story is told through the eyes of a child (his/her judgment being different from that of an adult).
Stream of Consciousness – The story is told so that the readers feel as if they are inside the head of a character and know all his/her thoughts and reactions.

7. Language
Figurative language or words are used by the author to paint a picture or describe scenes or objects e.g. imagery, irony, simile, metaphor, alliteration, onomatopoeia, personification, hyperbole, symbolism, etc. Figurative language has many effects. One is to make a complex, abstract idea come to life in a more visual manner; another is to create a more concrete image in our heads.

We should also examine the sentence structure, mood, tone etc. within the context of the story and discuss the role words play and how they enhance the story’s impact.

Sample Story
Write a story that begins with the following:-
It was a strange night and there seemed to be a chill in the air…

It was a strange night and there seemed to be a chill in the air. I quickened my steps as I hurried home. I wished now I hadn’t hung around the coaching center talking to friends. The road was deserted this dark December night. Suddenly something knocked me to the ground, unconscious.

When I opened my eyes, I found myself lying in a bed. I tried moving and but felt too disoriented and weak. My head was throbbing. I touched it and there was a huge bump at the back.

No wonder!!
I was probably going to die. No! I wasn’t ready to die yet… I gathered all my strength and let out a piercing scream.

Immediately this huge giant of a man came running into the room. I was filled with terror at his sight. I closed my eyes, awaiting sure death.

But nothing!!
I opened my eyes to see him smiling gently at me.
‘Take it easy,’ the man said. ‘A falling branch knocked you out. I happened to be out of my house and saw the incident. Don’t worry, you’re safe, I’ve called your father.’

Story Writing Practice Examples for Class 10 CBSE

4.1.1 Look at the pictures below. Use all the people/objects shown here to make up a story.

4.1.2 ‘In the future, everyone will be famous for 15 minutes’ – Andy Warhol.
Would you like to be famous? What would you like to be famous for? Write an account of how you became famous.

4.1.3 Make up a story that describes how the elephant got its trunk. Or how about explaining how a giraffe got its long neck. How did the leopard get its spots? Why has a rabbit got long ears? Why is a zebra stripy?

4.1.4 Discuss the environment from the standpoint of a fish. Then, write the autobiography of an earthworm.

4.1.5 Think about an event in your life that seemed bad but turned out to be good. Maybe you got injured and while you were waiting for your broken leg to heal, you learned how to use a computer. What makes the event change from bad to good maybe something that you learned, as a result, something that you did differently as a result, or something that happened that wouldn’t have occurred otherwise. Tell the story of the event that you experienced and help your readers understand how an event that seemed negative turned out to have valuable consequences.

4.1.6 You have made a very important discovery – one that will make you famous throughout the world. Write a story in which you tell about your discovery and how you made it. Be sure to include details about the setting and any characters in the story, and be sure that your story has a beginning, a middle, and an end.

4.1.7 ‘Robert looked out of his bedroom window. He was greeted by the sight of two gentlemen digging a hole in his front lawn. The taller of the two gentlemen had his back to Robert, but the shorter of the two was staring right up at Robert, lips pulled back from blackened teeth in a vicious grin that told Robert everything he needed to know about the purpose of that deep, dark hole …’ Complete the story in about 200 words.

4.1.8 Write stories using the following beginnings:

• They said she was able to utter a few words before she died …
• Sometimes I think my friend has strange powers. Every time he’s around …

For sentences in the active voice, the subject performs the action; for those in the passive voice, the subject receives the action. Most grammarians recommend using the active voice whenever possible. Here are some examples to help you distinguish between the voices:

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Active and Passive Voice Exercises for Class 9 With Answers CBSE Pdf

Important points to change a sentence from active to passive voice:

• It changes the function of the subject and the object.
• It changes the form of the verb but the tense of the verb remains the same.
• A helping verb may be added (is, am, are, was, were, been, being) with the past participle (3rd form of the verb^.
• An intransitive verb cannot be expressed in passive form (i.e., verbs that do not take an object).

Questioning words are changed as follows:

Who	By whom
What	no change in ‘what’.
When	no change in ‘when’.
Where	no change in ‘where’.
How	no change in ‘how’.

Personal pronouns change their form as follows:

Active Voice	Passive Voice
I	me
we	us
he	his/him
she	her
they	them
you	you
it	it

According to the tense, the following changes occur:

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Simple Present Tense	Verb (1st form) s/es, do/does e.g., She loves chocolates.	is/am/are + verb(IIIrd form) Chocolates are loved by her.
2. Present Continuous Tense	is/am/are + Verb (1st form) + ing e.g., I am enjoying holidays.	is/am/are + verb (Illrd form) Holidays are being enjoyed by me.
3. Present Perfect Tense	has/have + verb (3rd form) e.g., Raju has finished the work.	Has/have + been + verb (Illrd form) The work has been finished by Raju.
4. Simple Past Tense	Verb (2nd form) d/ed, did e.g., I bought this dress.	was/were + verb (Illrd form) This dress was bought by me.
5. Past continuous Tense	was/were + verb (1st form) + ing e.g., Her friends were celebrating her birthday.	was/were + being + verb (Illrd form) Her birthday was being celebrated by her friends.
6. Past Perfect Tense	Had + verb (Illrd form) e.g., They had killed the lion.	had + been + verb (Illrd form) The lion had been killed by them.
7. Simple Future Tense	will/shall + verb (1st form) e.g., I shall make breakfast today.	will/shall + be + verb (Illrd form) Breakfast shall be made by me today.
8. Future Perfect Tense	will/shall + have + verb (Illrd form) e.g., She will have booked the ticket.	Will/shall + have + been + verb (Illrd form) The ticket will have been booked by her.
9. Modals	Model + verb (1st person) e.g., you can solve the puzzle.	Modal + be + verb (Illrd form) The puzzle can be solved by you.

Active and Passive Voice Exercises Solved Example for Class 9 CBSE

Diagnostic Test 17

Look at the flow chart given below and complete the passage.

Given below is a procedure for cooking rice in the rice cooker.

The electric cooker is brought and (a) ………………………. Then one cup of rice (b) ……………………… . Two cups of water (c) ……………………… . The rice is put in the cooker and the cooker (d) ……………………… . The indicator (e) ………………………. for twenty minutes when the rice is cooked and ready to be eaten.
Answer:
(a) its inner plate and lid are kept ready
(b) is washed in clean water
(c) are added to it
(d) is switched on
(e) is pressed down and left

Score: For each correct answer award yourself 1 mark. 4-5 – good 3 or less – You need to develop your grammar skills through adequate practice.

Active and Passive Voice Exercises Practice Example for Class 9 CBSE

The first sentence is in the active voice. Complete the answers by rewriting it with the correct passive voice.
a. The teacher told Raj not to talk in class.
b. People said that the road is closed.
c. The landlord gave me the keys.
d. Who said it?
e. She opens the door.

Articles are used to indicate the number of singular nouns (a, an) and to specify which noun is being talked about (the). A and an are indefinite articles. They are used to refer to a singular countable noun in general or for the first time.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Exercise on Articles for Class 9 CBSE With Answers

A, an, the are articles.
Given below are some rules for the use of articles:
1. We use a before a singular countable noun beginning with a consonant sound.
Example:

• a man, a chair, a cup, a cat

2. We use an before singular countable nouns that begin with a vowel sound.
Example:

• an apple, an umbrella, an extra chair .

Note: We use a or an when the noun is used for the first time in a text. When that same noun is used for the second time we use the.
Example:

• A man was walking down a street with a dog. The dog ran after a cat.

3. We use a or an when we wish to express surprise, joy, horror, disgust, etc.
Examples:

• What a wonderful day!
• What an extraordinary thing to happen! What a silly fellow!

4. We use a or an in phrases that express speed, quantity, etc.
Examples:

• Milk is sixteen rupees a litre.
• We were travelling at eighty kilometres an hour.

5. We use a before some numbers.
Examples:

• a couple of shoes
• a few oranges a hundred coins

6. We use the with singular and plural nouns and for all genders to denote something particular.
Examples:

• Get the red dress.
• Will all the boys go to the auditorium?
• Some of the girls have gone for music.

7. We use the before a noun which can refer to only one particular thing or group of things.
Examples:

• Mohan is sitting in the study.
• All the teachers in the school are well qualified.

8. We use the before a noun which is mentioned for the second time.
Example:

• A young boy was attacked by a bull. The boy was walking down the road when the bull hit him.

9. We use the before a singular noun that is used to refer to a class of people, animals, or things.
Examples:

• The red panda is an attractive little creature that resembles a toy teddy bear.
• The yak is found in Ladakh and Nepal.

10. We use the before an adjective that refers to a special class of people.
Example:

• Mother Teresa cared for the old and the infirm.

11. We use the before superlatives and ‘only’.
Examples:

• the largest the best the oldest the only

12. We use the before certain numbers like first, second, etc.
Example:

• I remember the first time I met you.

Diagnostic Test 7
Fill in the blanks given below using a, an, the. Put an X where none is required.
Tortoise is (a) …………………………… common name for members of (b) …………………………… family of turtles that live entirely on land. Tortoises are slow-moving animals known for their long life spans, which in some instances may exceed 150 years. Tortoises inhabit all of (c) …………………………… world’s landmasses except for Australia and Antarctica, (d) …………………………… greatest numbers of tortoises are found in (e) …………………………… tropical regions of Africa, South America and Asia. Most tortoises live in dry environments, such as deserts and savannahs, although some species prefer moist habitats, such as (f) …………………………… rainforests and woodlands. Tortoises are protected by heavy shells composed of (g) …………………………… inner, bony layer and (h) …………………………… outer layer made of homy plates.
Answer:
(a) a
(b) the
(c) the
(d) the
(e) the
(f) x
(g) an
(h) an

Score yourself for each diagnostic test: For each correct answer award yourself 1 mark. 7-8 – good 4-6 – satisfactory 3 or less – You need to develop your grammar skills through adequate practice.

Applications for jobs are written in a very formal, precise, and to – the – point fashion. A biodata is enclosed to help the applicant draw attention to her/his qualifications and skills.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 12 English Chapter wise.

Letter for job Application Class 12 Format, Examples, Samples, Topics

While the forwarding letter has the same format as an official letter, a biodata or curriculum vitae is written in a standardized format.

While stressing on one’s qualities, it is essential to avoid either bragging or being ingratiating.

Important points

• Applications for jobs are written in a very formal, precise and to-the-point fashion. A biodata is enclosed to help the applicant focus on her/his qualifications and skills.
• While the forwarding letter has the same format as an official letter, a biodata or curriculum vitae is written in a standardized format.
• While stressing on one’s qualities, it is essential to avoid either bragging or being ingratiating.

Letter for Job Application Sample Examples for Class 12 CBSE

Draft an application for the post of an Accountant in Star Shine International School that was advertised in The Indian Times on 4 May 20XX. You are Amit/Namrata.

Letter for Job Application Practice Examples for Class 12 CBSE

1. You are Suresh/Smita. You come across the following advertisement in a national daily. You consider yourself suitable and eligible for the post. Write an application in response to the advertisement.

Applications are invited for the post of a nursery teacher in a reputed school of Delhi. The candidate must have at least 5 years experience of teaching tiny-tots. The applicant must have a pleasant personality. He/she should be creative and innovative. Attractive salary. Interested candidates should apply to The Principal, AKS International, Indirapuram, Ghaziabad within 10 days with a detailed resume.

2. You saw the following advertisement in a national daily. You think you are eligible to apply for the post mentioned. Write an application in response to the advertisement.

Applications are invited by Sundaram Business Services, a division of Sundaram Finance Limited, for the post of Head HR, a middle management position, reporting to the Head of the Division in Chennai. The applicant should be around 35 years of age with a postgraduate qualification in HR from a reputed institution. He/She should have a minimum of five years of experience in HR functions. Should be conversant with the best HR practices in the industry and should have implemented a robust performance monitoring/appraisal system and productivity linked incentive schemes. Apply, with full particulars and the emoluments expected, within a week to chief HR Manager, Sundaram Business Services, No. 05, Shanti Colony, Anna Nagar, Chennai-04.

3. You are Kamala/Rajan. You have seen an advertisement for the post of an English teacher in Rani Public School, Kolkata. Write a letter in response to the advertisement applying for the post. Give your detailed biodata also.

4. You are Shilpa/Sameer living in Bangalore. You are looking for a job. While browsing through the Bharat Times of 26.01.20XX, you come across the following advertisement. Choose a post for which you think you are suitable. Send your application in response to this advertisement.

An upcoming food processing unit in Golagaon requires the following staff: Food technologist: 2 yrs degree/diploma in food technology having 1-2 yrs lab experience Accountant: B.Com, with minimum experience of 4-5 years in a manufacturing concern and conversant with sales tax laws Receptionist: Young female candidates fluent in English with good communication skills and proficiency in computer/Internet surfing with 2–3 years experience Please send your detailed resume within seven days to Manager, Fancy Foods, Sector 68, Goregaon.

5. India Assurance Company, New Delhi, has published an advertisement in Bharat Times for the recruitment of management trainees to be groomed as managers of their company. Apply for the same, giving your detailed biodata (curriculum vitae). Invent all necessary details. You are Aman/ Aditi, 54-A, Gulab Road, Lucknow.

6. While going through the newspaper, you came across the following advertisement advertising vacancies for TV anchors and newsreaders. Send in your biodata, specifying why you are suited to the opening.

7. You are Sanghamitra/Debashish Sen, a 19-year-old dancer residing in Delhi. You read the following advertisement in The Indian Times (14 April 20XX). You are interested in applying for a scholarship being offered by the Sahitya Kala Parishad for Performing Arts (Dance). Send in your biodata and a covering letter along with your portfolio to the Sahitya Kala Parishad in response to the advertisement.

SAHITYA KALA PARISHAD 29TH ANNUAL DANCE SCHOLARSHIP Applications are invited from young dancers between 18–28 years of age for graduate studies in INDIAN CLASSICAL DANCE 10 SCHOLARSHIPS OF 50,000 PER YEAR Prospectus and application forms available from Secretary, Sahitya Kala Parishad, 4/6-B, Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi