English Grammar

Articles are used to indicate the number of singular nouns (a, an) and to specify which noun is being talked about (the). A and an are indefinite articles. They are used to refer to a singular countable noun in general or for the first time.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 10 English Chapter wise.

Exercise on Articles for Class 10 CBSE With Answers

A, an and the are articles.
1. Given below are some rules for the use of articles:
We use a before a singular countable noun beginning with a consonant sound.
Examples:

• a woman, a book, a cat, a tree

2. We use an before singular countable nouns that begin with a vowel sound.
Examples:

• an ice cream, an orange, an elephant

Note: We use a or an when the noun is used for the first time in a text. When that same noun is used for the second time we use the.
Example:

• A girl went to a shop. She met a friend at the shop. The friend was wearing a new dress.

3. We use a or an when we wish to express surprise, joy, horror, disgust, etc.
Examples:

• ‘What a beautiful sunset!
• What an exquisite saree!
• What a stupid thing to say!

4. We use a, an in phrases that express speed, quantity, etc.
Examples:

• This bottle can store almost a litre of oil.
• The bus was going at fifty kilometres an hour. A

5. We use a before some numbers.
Examples:

• a couple of shells
• a few pears a thousand sweets

6. We use the with singular and plural nouns and for all genders to denote something particular.
Examples:

• Bring me the bottle of water please.
• Could all the boys make a separate line, please?
• Some of the girls have gone to the library.

7. We use the before a noun that refers to only one particular thing or group of things.
Examples:

• Mother is cooking in the kitchen.
• The doctors in this hospital are highly competent.

8. We use the before a noun that is mentioned for the second time.
Example:

• A tigress gave birth to three cubs in the Mysore zoo. The tigress and her cubs are healthy and fine.

9. We use the before a singular noun that is used to refer to a class of people, animals or things.
Examples:

• The kiwi is the national bird of New Zealand.
• The Dravidians are believed to be the first inhabitants of India. »

10. We use the before an adjective that refers to a special class of people.
Examples:

• This school is meant for the very young.
• We should help the sick and the needy.

11. We use the before superlatives and the word ‘only’.
Examples:

• the largest
• the best the oldest the only

12. We use the before certain numbers like first, second, etc.
Examples:

• I remember the first day at school.
• This is the third time that I am reciting this poem.

Articles Exercises Solved Example With Answers for Class 10 CBSE

Diagnostic Test – 18

Fill in the blanks given below using a, an, the. Put an X where none is required.

Scientists use (a) ………………………………. variety of methods to study (b) ………………………………. behavior of tigers and track their movements. Radio-tracking was first used to track tigers in Nepal in 1973. In this method, (c) ………………………………. collar with an attached radio transmitter is placed around the neck of (d) ………………………………. tiger. Scientists monitor (e) ………………………………. radio transmissions as (f) ………………………………. tiger travels, tracking its whereabouts to learn about its range, life history, and behavior.
Answer:
(a) a
(b) the
(c) a
(d) a
(e) the
(f) the

Score: For each correct answer award yourself Vi mark. 3-2 – good 2-1 – satisfactory 1 or less – you need to develop grammar skills through adequate practice

Letter Writing: Ever-growing areas of concern and influence have made letter writing one of the most indispensable activities of modern society. Commerce, trade, official correspondence, public representations and complaints and other dealings and communications with people are carried out through letters. Hence, cultivating this skill of letter writing has become all the more important.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We have also provided A Thing of Beauty Extra Questions and Answers Class 12 English Flamingo

Formal Letter Writing Topics for Class 12 Format, Samples, Examples PDF

The letter type prescribed for the syllabus is formal letters.

Formal letters have a variety of purposes. Formal letters are written to:

• ask for/give information
• apply for a job
• make inquiries
• register complaints about inadequate goods or services
• place orders/send appropriate replies
• apologize for behavior
• solicit new customers for the business
• seek redressal for grievances
• persuade others
• make an appeal for help
• send a recommendation

However, all of these letters have a common goal, which is to get the results you want from someone you may or may not know personally.

Important points

• The formal letter is written in formal language ‘l’r to avoid starting with ‘I’. Keep sentences short and to the point. Do not use contractions. (I’ve, won’t, etc.)
• End with a short sentence that anticipates the response of the addressee.
• The toile Ill a total letter is polite and ImpcrsonIl
• lise passive voice here possible.
• Be brief and to the point, do not heal about the bush.
• Be clear and specific state the purpose clearly and concisely.
• Be positive and polite even it’ you are writing a complaint. Remember on the receiving end of your letter is a human being’

(a) Business letters
These include:

• letters of inquiry’ asking lr information
• replying to enqutrygiViug information
• placing orders and sending replies
• canceling orders

A business letter is the basic means of communication between two companies. It is a document typically sent externally to those outside a company but is also sent internally to those within a company.

A business letter should be written whenever you need a permanent record that you have sent the information requested FBI. Because business letters are generally sent to other professionals. a formal salutation and closing must be added.

They are different from personal letters in form, tone and content. Most business letters have a formal tone as opposed to the informal. friendly or personal tone, content and style of the personal letter. The treatment of the subject has to be simple, systematic and formal.

Important points

• begin by identifying yourself
• clearly state the purpose of wanting
• give relevant details
• make a request for appropriate action
• be positive and polite even if you are making a complaint
• use polite language and a pleasant tone
• quote reference numbers, order numbers cheque demand draft number. tile numbers. etc.
• convey message briefly and in a straightforward manner

(b) Official letters
These include:

• letters of complaint
• making inquiries
• making requests/appeal

Official letters are written to various public or civil servants who generally heild their respective department, sections. branches or zones.

Important points

• show due re%pcct but do not flatter or sound loo strike
• clearly state the purpose of counting
• use polite language and a pleasant tone

(c) Letter to the Editor
These letters

• give suggestions on a public-interest issue.
• give suggestions on an issue already raised in an article/write-up published letters.

They form the most important part of interactive journalism. Readers react to the news items or articles to express their agreement or disagreement on an issue. Readers also write to the editor to draw the attention of the authorities towards problems that concern a large number of people.

Important points

• begin with reference to a recent development/event/issue
• give details of topic bringing out cause-effect relationship
• offer suggestions/solutions
• do not ask the editor to solve the problem as he/she can only voice your views and ideas

(d) Job applications

These type of letters demand a very formal and precise treatment. Their format is almost the same as that of the forwarding letter and is usually accompanied by a biodata. The biodata ought to include the name, address, date of birth, educational qualifications, experience, hobbies, present/expected salary and references.

Salutations and Subscriptions
The following table gives a clear picture of the correct form of salutation along with the subscription.

Relationship with receiver	Salutation		Subscription
1. Blood relations older than sender	Father Mother		Yours affectionately
	My dear Dearest Dear	Brother Sister Uncle Aunt Grandfather Grandmother Cousin	Affectionately yours
			Your loving nephew/niece grandson granddaughter cousin
2. Blood relations younger than sender	My dear……………. Dear (Name of the receiver)		Yours affectionately Your loving……………… (relationship with receiver)
3. Friends	My dear………………		Yours sincerely
	Dear……………… (First name of receiver)		Sincerely yours
4. Acquaintances	Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms………….. (Surname of the receiver)		Yours sincerely/Yours truly
5. Strangers	Dear Sir or Madam		Yours truly
6. Business letters/Job applications	Sir		Yours truly
7. Teacher/Principal	Sir/Madam		Yours faithfully Yours obediently
8. Letter to the editor	Sir		Yours truly

Some Useful Expressions

Type of letter	Opening statement
Letter of inquiry	I am writing to enquire about… I will/shall be grateful if you could send me the following details…
Job application	I am interested in applying for the post of… With reference to your advertisement in…dated…regarding the post of…
Letter of apology	I am writing to apologize for… I regret the inconvenience caused due to…
Letter of complaint	With reference to our order no…dated…, I would like to complain about… This is to inform you that we are not satisfied with the consignment sent by you… I must insist…
Expressing opinion	In reply to your letter dated…regarding…I would like to express my views on the matter I was delighted/shocked/horrified/disgusted to learn that…
Making a request	I would be grateful if… I wonder if you could help me… I am writing to ask you for a favour
Giving information	This is just to let you know…
Giving advice	It would be a good idea to… Have you thought about…

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

Continuous Tense Exercise For Class 8 CBSE With Answers PDF

Statements

Subject	Verb
	Positive	Negative
I	am playing (Em)	am not playing (I’m not playing)
you, we they	are playing	are not playing (you’re not playing, you aren’t playing)
He, she, it	is playing	is not playing (he’s not playing, he isn’t playing)

Questions

Subject	Positive	Negative
I	Am I playing well?	Am I not playing well?
you, we, they	Are you playing today?	Are you not playing today? Aren’t we playing today?
he, she, it	Is he playing well?	Is he not playing well? Isn’t he playing well?

Function
We use present continuous tense:
1. to describe an action that is happening now.
Examples:

• The old man is walking down the street.
• The women are not cutting grass.

2. to talk about temporary situations.
Examples:

• I am staying at my friend’s house for a few days.
• He is not preparing a wildlife documentary film as of now.

3. to talk about something that is happening these days, over a long period of time.
Examples:

• The earth is getting warmer.
• Polar ice caps are slowly melting.

4. to talk about an activity or action planned for future.
Examples:

• Aastha and Anshu are going to the Amazon Rainforest next month.
• We are throwing a grand reception for our victorious cricket team next week.

5. to describe a continuing series of actions; with words like always, forever, constantly, etc. to mean often.
Examples:

• Shalini is always trying to cook new dishes.
• My friends are forever playing games on their mobile phones.

Continuous Tense Exercise Solved Examples for Class 8 CBSE

A. Fill in the blanks with the present continuous forms of the verbs given in the brackets.

Question 1.
Sara ……………………………… on her bed. (sleep)
Answer:
Sara is sleeping on her bed. (sleep)

Question 2.
The boy ……………………………… his teeth. (brush)
Answer:
The boy is brushing his teeth, (brush)

Question 3.
He ……………………………… his hair. (comb)
Answer:
He is combing his hair, (comb)

Question 4.
They ……………………………… ready for school. (get)
Answer:
They are getting ready for school, (get)

Question 5.
The boys ……………………………… at the bus stop for their school bus. (wait)
Answer:
The boys are waiting at the bus stop for their school bus. (wait)

Question 6.
He ……………………………… for his exams. (prepare).
Answer:
He is preparing for his exams, (prepare)

Question 7.
He ……………………………… to New Delhi next month. (go)
Answer:
He is going to New Delhi next month, (go)

Common errors Some verbs are never used in the present continuous tense. For example, we never say:

1. I am wanting two mangoes. ✗
   I want two mangoes. ✓
2. Seeta is knowing Geeta. ✗
   Seeta knows Geeta. ✓

Here are more such verbs:

believe, belong, concern, consist, contain, depend, hate, hear, involve, know, like, love, matter, mean, need, owe, own, possess, prefer, realize, recognize, remember, resemble, respect, see, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish.

This only means that these words are not used in the continuous form, i.e. be verb + -ing form of the verb. Most of them have -ing forms which are used as nouns, adjectives, prepositions, etc.
Examples:

• his belongings, realizing her mistake, depending on

Past Continuous Tense

Statements

Subject	Verb
	Positive	Negative
I, he, she, it	was playing	was not playing (wasn’t)
you, we they	were playing	were not playing (weren’t)

Questions

Subject	Positive	Negative
I, he, she, it	Was she singing …?	Was he not doing …? Wasn’t he doing …?
you, we, they	Were you singing …?	Were we not doing …? Weren’t they doing …?

Function

Past continuous tense is used:
1. to talk about incomplete actions that were either stopped because of an interruption that continued to happen before and after another event.
Examples:

• When the children came in, their father was having tea. (He continued to have tea after the children came in.)
• I was trying to sleep when the phone rang. (I had to get up.)

2. to talk about two parallel actions that took place together in the past.
Examples:

• My brother was tidying his room while I was cleaning mine.
• Yasmin was dialling Jason’s number while Jason was dialling Yasmin’s. Neither call got connected.

3. to create or describe the atmosphere or setting for a story.
Examples:

• It was raining heavily. The bus was crawling up the mountainous road.
• Almost all the passengers were asleep but Joseph was listening to music.

B. Fill in the blanks with simple past or past continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.

Question 1.
The boys …………………………… to each other when Rahul …………………………… into the room. (talk, come)
Answer:
The boys were talking to each other when Rahul came into the room, (talk, come)

Question 2.
Rahul …………………………… cricket when the ball …………………………… him. (play, hit)
Answer:
Rahul was playing cricket when the ball hit him. (play, hit)

Question 3.
He an email when the bell ……………………………(write, ring)
Answer:
He was writing an email when the bell rang, (write, ring)

Question 4.
His father …………………………… the car when he …………………………… home. (clean, get)
Answer:
His father was cleaning the car when he got home, (clean, get)

Question 5.
Rhea …………………………… When she …………………………… her ankle. (exercise, sprain)
Answer:
Rhea was exercising when she sprained her ankle, (exercise, sprain)

Question 6.
He …………………………… to finish his work, before his sister …………………………… (try, arrive)
Answer:
He was trying to finish his work, before his sister arrived, (try, arrive)

Question 7.
Rohit …………………………… down the road with his dog, when he …………………………… his cousins driving past. (walk, see)
Answer:
Rohit was walking down the road with his dog, when he saw his cousins driving past, (walk, see)

Question 8.
While Raman …………………………… at a barber’s shop, his neighbor’s son …………………………… in. (sit, walk)
Answer:
While Raman was sitting at a barber’s shop, his neighbour’s son walked in. (sit, walk)

Future Continuous

Subject	Verb		Question
	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative
I, he, she, it, you, we, they	will be visiting/’ (he)’ll be visiting	will not be visiting/won’t be visiting	Will he be visiting …?	Will she not be visiting …? Won’t she be visiting …?

Function
We use future continuous for actions that will be happening at a particular time in future.
Examples:

• In five years’ time the young man will be working as a doctor.
• His sister will be joining the City Hospital as an administrator in a week’s time.

C. Fill in the blanks with the specified forms of the verbs in brackets.

Question 1.
The general body meeting …………………………… (go) to be held in the conference hall next week. (use present continuous tense)
Answer:
The general body meeting is going (go) to be held in the conference hall next week, (use present continuous tense)

Question 2.
The meeting …………………………… (start) at 10 o’clock in the morning. (use simple present tense)
Answer:
The meeting starts (start) at 10 o’clock in the moiling, (use simple present tense)

Question 3.
The lady …………………………… (address) a distinguished audience. (use future continuous tense)
Answer:
The lady will be addressing (address) a distinguished audience, (use future continuous tense)

Question 4.
There …………………………… (be) an executive meeting in the committee room tomorrow. (use simple future tense)
Answer:
There will (be) an executive meeting in the committee room tomorrow, (use simple future tense)

Question 5.
The executive meeting …………………………… (be) on Wednesday. (use simple present tense)
Answer:
The executive meeting is (be) on Wednesday, (use simple present tense)

Question 6.
Next Thursday …………………………… (be) a holiday. (use simple present tense)
Answer:
Next Thursday is (be) a holiday, (use simple present tense)

Question 7.
The Chairman …………………………… (go) abroad next Friday. (use present continuous tense)
Answer:
The Chairman is going (go) abroad next Friday, (use present continuous tense)

Question 8.
The lady …………………………… (visit) two regional ofices next week. (use present continuous tense)
Answer:
The lady is visiting (visit) two regional offices next week, (use present continuous tense)

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 10 English Chapter wise.

Exercise On Adjectives for Class 9 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Comparison of Adjectives

The comparative form of the adjective is used to compare nouns. There are three types of comparative adjectives:

1. The positive form is used to compare two equal nouns.
Example:

• Milan is as naughty as Amol.

2. The comparative form is used to compare two unequal nouns.
Example:

• Neha is taller than her sister.

3. The superlative form is used to compare three or more nouns.
Example:

• Delhi is the most polluted city in India.

Exercise On Adjectives Solved Example With Answers for Class 10 CBSE

Diagnostic Test – 25

Fill in the blanks.

(a) Raj is ……………………………. (old) than all his brothers.
(b) Manish is ……………………………. (tall) person in his class.
(c) Though all your family members are nice, your mother is ……………………………. (nice).
(d) His new bike is ……………………………. (fast) than mine.
(e) The computer lab is ……………………………. (cool) room in the school.
(f) Her voice is ……………………………. (loud) than her sister’s.
(g) Skydiving is ……………………………. (dangerous) than bungee jumping.
(h) I know that my singing is bad but yours is ……………………………. (bad).
(i) Her ribbon is a bit ……………………………. (short) than Heena’s.
(j) If you wish to be successful in life, you will have to work much ……………………………. (hard).
Answer:
(a) older
(b) the tallest
(c) the nicest
(d) faster
(e) the coolest
(f) louder
(g) more dangerous
(h) worse
(i) shorter
(j) harder

Score: For each correct answer award yourself 1 mark. 8-10 – good 7 or less – you need to develop grammar skills through adequate practice

Exercise On Adjectives Practice Example for Class 10 CBSE

Fill in the blanks using a suitable form of the adjective given in brackets.

1. Sarita is the ……………………………. (proud) and ……………………………. (arrogant) person I have come across while
Anand is the ……………………………. (humble) person that I know. I cannot understand how they have become the
……………………………. (good) of friends.

2. Nitin is looking for the ……………………………. (expensive) car that he can get. Of all the cars that he has seen, he is ……………………………. (happy) about the one in the new showroom ……………………………. (near) his house.

3. Of all the children at the party, Abhishek is the ……………………………. (bright). He has won all the prizes in the quiz contest.

A Biographical Sketch is an account of the life and activities of a person. It would include information about the person, his/her name, place of residence, education, occupation, life and activities, as well as other important details. It is the story of the person, always written by someone else and never by the person about whom it is written.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

Bio-sketch for Class 9 CBSE Format, Exercises, Examples PDF

A bio-sketch presents the facts about the person’s life including what the person did and how they influenced their world. It should describe a person’s personality and provide an explanation for why he or she acted in certain ways. Most bio-sketches are interpretive; they present the facts and also say what those facts mean.

Bio-sketch Sample Exercise for Class 9 CBSE

With the help of the given clues, write a bio-sketch of Subhash Chandra Bose in not more than 100 words.

Name:	Subhash Chandra Bose; Netaji
Contribution:	Immense, freedom fighter
Born:	23 January 1897 in Cuttack, Orišsa.
Career:	Civil services
Achievements:	Joined freedom struggle; established Indian National Army
Motto:	“Give me blood and I will give you freedom.”
Death:	Air crash over Taipei, Taiwan (Formosa) on 18 August 1945

Birth Details	Subhash Chandra Bose, affectionately called Netaji, was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. He was one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian freedom struggle. Deeply moved by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he gave up a promising career in the civil services to join the freedom movement. He founded the Indian National Army to overthrow the British Empire from India. His famous motto was “Give me blood and I will give you freedom.” However, the defeat of Japan and Germany in the Second World War forced INA to retreat and it could not achieve its objective. Subhash Chandra Bose was reportedly killed in an air crash over Taipei, Taiwan (Formosa) on 18 August 1945.
Achievements
Death

Bio-sketch Practice Exercise for Class 9 CBSE

1. Sunita Narayan, a well-known environmentalist, visited your school for a talk on sustainable development. As the editor of the school magazine, give a brief bio-sketch in around 100 words of the visitor.

Career Environmentalist and political activist The proponent of the Green concept of sustainable development Working with Centre for Science and Environment since 1982 – Director; Publisher of the fortnightly magazine, Down To Earth. Publications 1989 Towards Green Villages Advocating Local Participatory Democracy as the Key to Sustainable Development. 1991 Global Warming in an Unequal World: A Case of Environmental Colonialism 1992 Towards a Green World: Should Environmental Management be Built on Legal Conventions or Human Rights? Awards 2005 Awarded Padma Shri by Government of India

2. Given below are some notes about the life and achievements of Dr B.R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of India’s Constitution. Write a brief paragraph about Dr Ambedkar to be read out on the occasion of Ambedkar Jayanti.

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar 1891 Bom – Mhow, Madhya Pradesh 1913 Awarded a Baroda State Scholarship 1915 Passed MA Economics – Columbia University, New York – obtained PhD. 1921-23 Obtained MSc from London School of Economics; obtained DSc. 1940 – 42 Served in Governor-General’s Executive Council as Labour Member 1948 As Chairman of the Constituent Assembly’s Drafting Committee and Law Minister in the Nehru cabinet; submitted the first draft of the Indian Constitution.

Dr B.R. Ambedkar was bom at Mhow in Madhya Pradesh in 1891. (a) ………………………………… Columbia University, New York. After (b) …………………………………, he joined the London School of Economics from where he (c) ………………………………… He returned to India in 1924 and started his legal practice at the Bombay High Court. From 1940-42 he served in the Governor-General’s Executive Council as Labour Member. He functioned as (d) ………………………………… in which capacity (e) ………………………………… in 1948.

Letter writing is an essential skill. Despite the prevalence of emails and text messages, everyone has to write letters at some point. Letters of complaint, job applications, thank you letters, letters requesting changes or – making suggestions – the list goes on and on. Encouraging children to write letters from an early age will improve their communication, social and handwriting skills, and teach them what they need to know about writing and structuring letters.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We have also provided Deep Water Extra Questions and Answers Class 12 English Flamingo

Letter of Complaint Class 12 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples PDF

Children are expected to learn how to write letters, notes and messages. They have to be aware of different styles of writing, the use of formal and informal letters, and to select style and vocabulary appropriate to the intended reader.

Letter of Complaint Sample Example for Class 12 CBSE

Veena Sahni is the secretary of Army Apartments, C.G. Road, Sagar. The complex subscribes to New Cable Services, M.G. Road, Sagar. The proprietor Mr Singh has increased the monthly subscription but he has done nothing to improve the quality of transmission. The sound is low and unclear, the colors blurred, and the selection of channels limited as compared to other cable services. She writes a letter complaining about the same.

Letter of Complaint Practice Example for Class 12 CBSE

1. Vishaka
25/4 Indrapasta Apts.
Delhi – 1100xx
January 13, 20XX

The Manager
New Aquaguard Services
Delhi – xxxxxx

Subject: Poor service by NAS

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing today to complain about the poor service I received from your company on January 12, 20XX. I was visited by a representative of New Aquaguard Services (NAS), Mr Mahesh, at my home. Mr Mahesh was four hours late for his appointment and offered nothing but apology, when he arrived at noon.

The water was not getting purified properly and we were told that there was a problem Vith the cartridge. Your representative threw away all the water contained in the aquaguard, without even asking or telling us anything about it. Since the direct supply ‘ of water to our house is infrequent, we were left with no drinking water.

To add to this, your representative went off saying that he had to get a new cartridge from the market and did not return till the next morning. In fact, he did not even bother to inform us on his own and responded only after being repeatedly called for two hours, finally informing us that he was busy and would be able to come only the next day. This is after he had left the aquaguard open with all its parts scattered in the kitchen and the dirt all around. He created a complete mess in the house in the 25 minutes that he was present without actually accomplishing anything.

I am most annoyed that I wasted a morning (and half a day’s vacation) waiting for Mr Mahesh to show up. My impression of NAS has been tarnished, and I am now concerned about why I suggested your firm to my friends and neighbours. Furthermore, Mr Mahesh’s ability to create so much mess in fixing an aquaguard is making me question whether I should ever engage the services of your firm.

I trust this is not the way NAS wishes to conduct business with its valued customers I have been with you since the company was founded and have never encountered such treatment before. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss matters further and to learn of how you propose to prevent a similar situation from recurring. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,
Vishaka

2. Kumar Shanu of Bareilly has purchased a frost-free refrigerator of 265 litres from Life Style, Civil Lines, Bareilly. After a month of purchase, the freezing section of the refrigerator has stopped functioning. Write a letter to the Sales Manager of the firm complaining about it and requesting for the piece to be replaced, since there is a two-year warranty. (150 words)

3. You are Anand/Akshata of Kolkata. You have bought a washing machine from M/s Electronics India, Lake Area, Kolkata. After installation, it washed well for two months. But suddenly the spin dry system of the machine stopped functioning properly and the clothes are dripping wet even after the spin dry function is completed. Write a letter to Electronics India, giving them the guarantee card number and other details regarding your complaint, asking them to attend to it/ replace it.

4. Write a letter to the Manager, Lucky Garments, Chennai complaining about the delay in supply of school uniforms. Highlight the inconvenience caused due to it and seek an immediate supply. You are Aanya/Arav, Store Incharge, Shepherd High School, Nagercoil.

5. Write a letter to the Commissioner of Chennai Municipal Corporation, complaining about the poor sanitary conditions and mosquito menace in your locality.

6. Write a letter to the Police Commissioner (Traffic) about the inadequate parking facilities in the Commercial Street area of Bangalore, which is causing a lot of inconvenience to the people. You may also offer your suggestions for solving it. You are Rakesh/Radhika, No. 12, Jayanagar, Bangalore.

(b) Applications

1. You are Lalith/Laxmi of Jai Narain Public School, Jhansi. You have been selected by your state to represent your state at the National Athletics Meet. Write a letter to your Principal requesting him/ her to grant you permission to attend the school one hour late for a fortnight as you have to attend the athletics coaching.

2. You are Lobyang/Reena living in the students’ hostel of A.P.M. Public School, Baghdogra. Your friend’s brother is getting married and you have been invited to the wedding. Write an application to the Warden of your hostel asking him/her to grant you permission to stay with your friend for two days.

The factual description is a collection of related sentences dealing with a single topic. Such a writing task is essentially sequential and directional – proceeding from one point to the other in a fixed direction. Although the focus is on factual accuracy, stylistic creativity, and innovation, makes the description more interesting for the reader. Otherwise, a factual description may become mundane and boring.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 10 English Chapter wise.

Factual Description Class 10 CBSE  Format, Topics Exercises and Examples PDF

While writing a factual description students must show:
(a) an eye for detail
(b) the power of observation

The factors that are essential for effective paragraph writing are:

• Unity
• Cohesion
• The logical development of thought

The entire piece should concern itself with a single controlling idea rambling or deviating from the task at hand should definitely be avoided. Connectives and linkers are essential to make the passage interesting and understandable. The thought should be built up by providing adequate details. The description must be sequential with important details listed first and the not – so – important details following.

Important: Use tenses carefully while writing a factual description.

How To Write Factual Description Of A Place, Person And Events Class 10 CBSE

Sample Description (Place)
Shreya had the opportunity of visiting a Radio Station. Read the description of the visit she wrote for her school magazine.

Recently I visited the All India Radio Station, Delhi, with my friend, Manjari, who is a host on a youth program, Yuva Manch. We reached the radio station, a big and beautiful building, bright and early. There is a large reception hall, where they stamped my pass. There were so many recording and broadcasting rooms, that I lost count. The sections were marked with signboards and nameplates.

The broadcast room was soundproof. There were many people seated in the audience and a panel of experts.

I also saw the recording room where a program was being recorded. The drama section proved to be an interesting experience as a play rehearsal was going on there. Manjari took me to the technical section where engineers were busy ensuring that the programs were aired without a hitch.

Factual Description Solved Exercises for Class 10 CBSE

Read the hints given below and complete the following description of Jaipur in not more than a 100 words.

Origin: 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II of Amber Known as the Pink City, is the capital and largest city of Rajasthan; popular tourist destination First planned city of India – wide and regular streets laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets Palace – Hawa Mahal, formal gardens, and a small lake; Nahargarh Fort, residence of King Sawai Jai Singh II on a hill; observatory, Jantar Mantar – a World Heritage Site

Jaipur, a popular tourist destination, is also known as (a) …………………………………. . It (b) …………………………………., the ruler of Amber. The very structure of Jaipur resembles the taste of the Rajputs and the Royal families. In fact, (c) ………………………………….. which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. The Nahargarh Fort, (d) …………………………………., crowns the hill in the northwest comer of the old city. The observatory, (e) …………………………………. .
Answer:
(a) Pink City, is the capital city of Rajasthan
(b) was founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II
(c) it is the first planned city of India with wide and regular streets
(d) which was the residence of the King
(e) called Jantar Mantar is a World Heritage Site

Factual Description Practice Exercises for Class 10 CBSE

1. You recently redecorated your room. Write a brief description of the room to your pen friend in the United Kingdom. Do not exceed 100 words.

2. Your school has added a new Maths Lab for students of Classes VI-X. Write a brief description of the Maths Lab in 100 words.

3. The railway station is a bustling place. Describe the scene you witnessed at the railway station in not more than 100 words.

4. You visited the World Book Fair organized by National Book Trust at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Describe the fair in about 100 words.

Factual Description Of A Person Example

When we write a description of a person we include all important aspects of the person.

Important points

• Name
• Relationship to writer
• Social status/role/profession
• Appearance (looks; features; clothes; height; health)
• Characteristics of personality – qualities/attitude; way of walking/talking
• Opinion of others about him
• Any other relevant point (could be brought about by narrating an incident)

Physical Qualities

build – slim, medium, petite, large, stocky, lanky, hefty, pear-shaped, thin etc.
height – tall, short, medium etc.
clothes/appearance – elegant, sloppy, well-tailored, ill-fitting, casual, formal, untidy, neat, tidy etc.
shape of face/expression – angular, bearded, unshaven, friendly, round, oval, square, heart-shaped etc.
complexion – fair, pale, swarthy etc. eyes – twinkling, protruding, shifty, staring, close-set etc.
hair – balding, receding hairline, close-cropped, thick, wavy, curly, plaited, long, neat, thinning etc.
nose – broken, sharp, flat, upturned, roman, pointed etc.
lips – discoloured, thin, thick etc.
teeth – protruding, broken, gapped, discoloured etc.
chin – cleft, receding, pointed, square etc.
special features – tattoo, scar, mole, stammer, peculiar gesture etc.

Intellectual Qualities

imaginative, creative, intelligent, mediocre talents, uninspired, unimaginative, sharp, boring etc.

Emotional And Moral Qualities

trustworthy, honest, confident, warm, sincere, selfish, cruel, insensitive, patient, tolerant, dependable, corrupt, dishonest, irresolute, diffident, detached, deceitful, philanthropic, kind, vulnerable, impatient, prejudiced etc.

Sample Description Of A Person

Read the description given on the next page that Sukhwant Kaur wrote of her grandmother.

Factual Description Solved Example for Class 10 CBSE

Read the hints given below and complete the following description of Agastya’s grandmother in not more than a 100 words.

Surajmukhi Devi – 72 years old, grey hair, brown eyes, sweet voice – lost her husband at the age of 39 – 5 children, 8 grandchildren – keeps unwell, but has a very strong nature, lively – we enjoy listening to her stories/experiences/singing – generation gap but shares bond – best friend.

When I picture my grandmother, I envision (a) …………………………………. . I have ever heard. She is a 72-year-old with (b) …………………………………. . Surajmukhi Devi, (c) ………………………………….., is one of the strongest persons I know. Despite (d) ………………………………….., she remains lively and regales us (e) …………………………………. . I (f) ………………………………….. of my father and his siblings, her take on the changing world, but most of all, I love (g) …………………………………. . She can soothe away all my fears and pain with her melodious voice. Despite (h) ………………………………….., my grandmother and I (i) ………………………………….. and she has always been (j) …………………………………. . I ever had.
Answer:
(a) shiny grey hair, twinkling brown eyes, and the sweetest voice
(b) 5 children and 8 grandchildren
(c) widowed at the age of 39
(d) her falling health
(e) with her wonderful stories and experiences
(f) enjoy hearing the escapades
(g) listening to her sing
(h) the generation gap
(i) share a deep bond
(j) the best friend

Factual Description Practice Exercises for Class 10 CBSE

1. Write a brief description of your grandfather.
2. Your school has a new Principal. Write a brief description of your new Principal.
3. Write a factual description of the doctor you visit when you are ill. You could also add details of the instruments he uses in his clinic to treat you and any other interesting facts that he/she may have told you about their work.
4. Write a description of one of your classmates. TV to get others to guess the person you are describing.
5. Look at the picture of the Bihu dancers of Assam. Write a brief description of the dancers.

Factual Description Of A Events Example

Sample Description of an Event

To promote healthy eating habits amongst school children your school recently organized a ‘Nutritious Food and Snacks Competition’. The competition was open to both parents and students. The participation was very encouraging. The famous nutrition expert, Dr Shikha Sharma was the chief guest. As Anjum, the student editor of your school magazine,, write a report about this event in 100 words.

Secrets To Healthy Snacking – Anjum, XIIA Hundreds of parents and students participated in ‘Nutritious Food and Snacks Competition’ organized by Vaibhav Public School, Hastinapur, yesterday, to increase awareness about healthy eating habits. The awareness campaign was aimed at both students, who snack by grabbing burgers, fries, potato chips, or chocolates, as well as for parents, who are juggling busy schedules where fast food becomes a convenient option. The school organized a Healthy Cooking Competition wherein all recipes involved healthy food like salads, whole-grain bread, and roasted snacks. The winner amongst parents was Ms. Neeru Mittal and amongst students was Noor Ali Kajani of XII B. The eminent nutrition expert, Dr. Shikha, the chief guest said, ‘When it comes to smart snacking, think small portions, think healthy potions! ’ This competition was an eye-opener for one and all.

Factual Description Solved Exercises for Class 10 CBSE

Recently you attended a Career Fair organized by the Australian High Commission in which various Australian colleges and Universities participated and gave information about their undergraduate and graduate programmes. Complete the following account of the fair.

(a) ……………………………………… – Reshma
(b) ……………………………………… in a career fair organized by the Australian. High Commission at Bal Bhawan, yesterday and gave information about their undergraduate and graduate programmes.

The Fair presented students with an excellent opportunity to speak to the Deans of various universities, who could guide them on the panorama of courses being offered, (c) ……………………………………… mass communication, designing and biotechnology.

(d) …………………………………….. . In addition to this, the students interacted face to face with major recruiters from the country about available jobs.

(e) ……………………………………… and were looking at future prospects.
Answer:
(a) Career Fair—a helping hand onto the career ladder
(b) Various Australian colleges and Universities participated
(c) They elaborated on unconventional professions such as
(d) They also spoke about the financial assistance that the students could avail
(e) The Fair was perfectly timed as the students had finished their exams

Choose the appropriate options from the ones given below:

1. They also spoke about the financial assistance that the students could avail
2. The Fair was perfectly timed as the students had finished their exams
3. Career Fair – a helping hand onto the career ladder
4. They elaborated on unconventional professions such as
5. Various Australian colleges and Universities participated

Factual Description Practice Example for Class 10 CBSE

4. Frank Anthony School organized an Inter-school Science Exhibition recently. The event saw around 250 students exhibiting models and methods that were useful in protecting health and the environment. As student editor of your school magazine writes a description of the event in around 120 words.

5. The social work department of Rammanna School, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad organized its regular quarterly medical camp at their adopted Basti at Hauz Kazi for the community people. The camp was sponsored by the Inner Wheel Club of Hyderabad and was attended by 300 people from the basti. Describe the event for a local newspaper in around 120 words.

A message is a short, informal piece of writing conveying information received over the telephone, public address system or in person, to a person for whom the information was intended but who was not at hand to receive the information.

In other words, it is a piece of information given by a third person to be passed on to a particular person. Messages must be brief, yet have all the information. It is usually a telephonic message that has to be reported/passed on to someone.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 10 English Chapter wise.

Message Writing for Class 10 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises PDF

Sometimes information is received over the telephone, public address system or in-person by someone and then passed on to a third person. A message is a short, informal piece of writing, conveying the information to a person for whom the information was intended, but who was not at hand to receive the information.

How to Write a Message?

• Since a message is received at a particular time and conveys important information that the receiver must act upon, a message must have a date and time.
• The name of the person for whom the message is intended must be clearly mentioned.
• The message must convey all relevant details like the name of the person who left the message, the reason for leaving the message and the follow-up action required.

Format:

Message Date: Time: Name of person for whom the message is intended (salutation must be very brief) Body of the Message Include all the relevant details such as: Reason for the message Follow-up action required to be done Name of the person writing the message (need not use complimentary close)

Body of the Message

1. Put down all the relevant details such as:

• name of the person who gave the message
• reason for leaving the message
• follow-up action required

2. The language used should be clear and accurate.

• Be brief. Write down only the essential details.
• Use short phrases/sentences and not complete sentences, but punctuate properly.
• Avoid using ‘I’ unless essential. Use imperatives if possible.
• Omit verb phrases, articles, determiners and prepositions where possible.
• Use indirect speech.
• Do not add information.

Sample Message
Gopal had the conversation given below with Mr Gujral, his brother Rakesh’s tutor. Since he was going out immediately afterward, Gopal left a message for his brother. Read the conversation and write out the message in not more than 50 words.

Mr Gujral: Hello! This is Mr Gujral speaking. Could I please speak to Rakesh?
Gopal: I am afraid he is not at home, Mr Gujral.
Mr Gujral: When is he likely to come back?
Gopal: In about one höur. Could you give him a message?
Mr Gujrai: Yes, please. Could you tell him that I won’t be able to make it today? I was supposed to come at six o’clock. However, I can only come in at six tomorrow. If that is inconvenient, he should call me at home after eight tonight to fix another time. Will you see that he gets the message?
Gopal: Yes Sir, I will.

Message Writing Solved Examples for Class 10 CBSE

Diagnostic Test – 10

Read the following notes from the notepad of Mrs Sara Thomas, the Principal of St. Anthony’s School, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi. She asks her assistant to draft a message on her behalf for Mr P. Cherian, the Vice-Principal of the school. Using the information from the notepad, complete the following message, in not more than 50 words. Put the message in a box.

For Mr P. Cherian Request – attend an urgent meeting Meeting in my office – 10 a.m. – today Agenda: introduction of three new subjects – Humanities Stream- Class XI: Geography, Sociology, and Psychology Members of Governing Board arriving for discussion Appointment of teachers Inform – catering section – send tea and snacks – 11 a.m.

Message 23 March 20xx 8.30 a.m. Mr. P. Cherian (a) ……………………………………………….. at 10 a.m. today to discuss (b) ……………………………………………….., Geography, Sociology and Psychology (c) Humanities ……………………………………………….. stream, (d) ……………………………………………….. for discussion (e) ……………………………………………….. Inform (f) ……………………………………………….. at 11 a.m. Sara Thomas

Answer:
(a) Kindly attend an urgent meeting in my office
(b) the introduction of three new subjects
(c) for Class XI
(d) The members of the Governing Board are arriving
(e) regarding the appointment of teachers
(f) the catering section for tea and snacks

Message Writing Practice Examples for Class 10 CBSE

4.3.1 Read the following conversation between Anisha and Pamela. Pamela has to leave for her music class so she leaves the message for her mother. Write the message in not more than 50 words.

Anisha: Hello, May I speak to Ms Rita Seth?
Pamela: I am Pamela, her daughter. Mummy is not at home. May I know who is calling?
Anisha: I am Anisha Deol, speaking from Bright House Interiors. Please inform Ms Seth that the curtains that she had ordered are ready. She must collect them at the earliest. The total cost is Rs 3,500. Pamela: Ms Deol, I’ll convey your message to her.
Anisha: Thank you, Pamela.

4.3.2 Your brother jotted down the following notes during a telephone conversation with your friend Sunil. Later, he wrote a detailed message for you. Refer to the notes and using the information, complete the message in not more than 50 words.

Sunil’s phone – reaching Nizamuddin Railway Station from Mangalore – 10th May – Mangala Express – receive station – arrange for trip to Shimla – will stop at Chaifdigarh with relatives – two days – returning 20th May – book tickets Rajdhani – AC II.

4.3.3 Read the conversation between Sam and Joseph. Sam was going out and so he left a message for his father, Mr Simon. Write the message in about 50 words. Put the message in a box.

Joseph: Can I speak to Mr Simon?
Sam: I am sorry. He is out of station.
Joseph: When is he expected back?
Sam: He will be home by tomorrow evening.
Joseph: Could you please remind him that Anil’s wedding is on March 30th? We had planned to go together, but since my son is in hospital, I will not be going for the wedding. George is going and Mr Simon can join him. Tell him to give me a ring when he comes back.

4.3.4 You are Divya Bhatia and you study in a residential school. You share the room with Kriti, your classmate. In her absence you had to leave for your parents’ home as your grandmother is unwell, and is leaving for America to undergo surgery. She will spend about six months there with your cousin convalescing after the operation. Write a message for Kriti, informing her about the reason for your departure. Also, tell her that you will be back in a week – on 23 September – requesting her to submit your Social Studies Project, which has to be given in by 20 September. Do not exceed 50 words.

4.3.5 Karan has bought a pocket watch for his grandfather’s 75th birthday. He suddenly has to leave for Pune for an interview. At the airport, he realizes he has not sent the gift to his grandfather. He is very upset as he wants his grandfather to receive the gift in time. He sends a message to his sister Kiran – telling her where the gift is kept, requesting her to wrap up and deliver the gift to a grandfather on time – With the driver. As Karan, write the message to Kiran. Do not exceed 50 words.

When to use Active Voice:
When focus is on an agent, the sentence is used in active mode.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

Active and Passive Voice Exercises for Class 7 With Answers CBSE Pdf

A sentence with a transitive verb (a verb with an object) can be written in two voices: active and passive voice. When the subject is the doer of the action, the sentence is said to be in the active voice. When the subject is the receiver of the action, the sentence is said to be in the passive voice.
Examples:

• Kenny is looking at the whale. (Active voice)
• The whale is being looked at by Kenny. (Passive voice)

Different Tenses
To form the passive voice, we use the verb be + past participle form of the main verb. Let us see what forms the verbs in different tenses take when we change the voice.

Tense	Active voice	Passive voice
Simple present	People read newspapers.	Newspapers are read by people.
Simple past	They watched the game.	The game was watched by them.
Simple future	Meeta will direct the play.	The play will be directed by Meeta.
Present continuous	The tourist is taking a photograph.	A photograph is being taken by the tourist.
Past continuous	The children were playing chess.	Chess was being played by the children.
Present perfect	Satish has cooked Thai green curry.	Thai green curry has been cooked by Satish.
Past perfect	The old kings had built the fort.	The fort had been built by the old kings.
Future perfect	The coach will have selected the team by tonight.	The team will have been selected by the coach by tonight.

Changing Personal Pronouns
When the voice is changed, the personal pronouns acting as objects turn into subjects. Subjects are either deleted or they are placed after by. Look at the following table to see how subjects are changed.

Personal pronoun	Active voice	Passive voice
I	I read the books.	The books were read by me.
You	You play chess.	Chess is played by you.
We	We ate dinner.	The dinner was eaten by us.
She	She saw a yeti.	A yeti was seen by her.
He	He sang a song.	A song was sung by him.
It	It bit my hand.	My hand was bitten by it.
They	They learned the language.	The language was learned by them.

Voice Change: Two Objects
When a sentence has two objects, one direct and one indirect, we change the active voice to the passive as shown below.
When converting this sentence into passive voice, we can:

1. Use the indirect object as the new subject.
   Helen was given a book by John. (new subject)
2. Use the direct object as the new subject.
   A book was given to Helen by John. (new subject)

A. Are the subjects in the following sentences doers or receivers of the action? Choose the correct option to complete the sentences, then write if it is a doer (D) or receiver (R).

Question 1.
Sharks (finds/are found) in all the oceans of the world.
Answer:
Sharks are found in all the oceans of the world.
Sharks are doers.

Question 2.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) (founded/was founded in 1961.
Answer:
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) was founded in 1961.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is the doer here.

Question 3.
Sunaina (will finish/will be finished by) her work in an hour.
Answer:
Sunaina will finish her work in an hour.
Sunaina is the doer here.

Question 4.
Someone (has moved/has been moved by) my papers from this table.
Answer:
Someone has moved my papers from this table.
My papers are the receiver of the action here.

Question 5.
More and more trees (are cutting/are being cut by) humans who want to make room for themselves.
Answer:
More and more trees are being cut by humans who want to make room for themselves.
The trees are the receiver of the action in the above sentence.

Definition of Pronoun:
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of noun and does the work of a noun. A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a common noun or a proper noun.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

Pronoun Exercises for Class 6 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Pronouns are words we use to replace nouns in order to avoid their repetition. The noun that a pronoun replaces is called an antecedent. There are different kinds of pronouns.

Personal Pronouns
These are words that we use to refer to a person, animal or thing that we talk about. A personal pronoun can be a subject or an object in a sentence.
Examples:

• I would love to travel to Egypt. (I is the subject in the sentence.)
• Nakul met me in the library. (Me is the object in this sentence.)

They can be divided into three categories:

1. First-person: the person who is talking
2. Second-person: the person who is listening
3. Third-person: the person who is being talked about

We use the pronoun it to refer to non-human things. Sometimes, it is used to refer to an animal as well.

Examples:

• The dog is thirsty. It is looking for water.
• The room is dirty. We need to clean it.

The pronoun it can be used to refer to a situation as well.
Examples:

• It is very cold.
• It is evening now.

Possessive Pronouns
Pronouns that show possession are called possessive pronouns. They are not followed by a noun though they refer to a noun that has been mentioned before or is understood. They are mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs and its.

Example:

• These books belong to Neha. They are hers.

Demonstrative Pronouns
These pronouns are used to point out a certain category, thing, statement, etc. They are this, that, these and those.

Examples:

• This is a table.
• That is a chair.

Interrogative Pronouns
These pronouns are used to ask questions. They are who, whose, what, which, where, why and when. Who is used to refer to people? What and which are used for things. Where is used to refer to a place. When is used to refer to a time and why is used to refer to a reason.

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronouns.

Question 1.
Subho is Neeru’s husband. …………………………………………. lives with his family in Gurgaon.
Answer:
Subho is Neeru’s husband. He lives with his family in Gurgaon.

Question 2.
Her name is Marie. …………………………………………. is from France.
Answer:
Her name is Marie. She is from France.

Question 3.
Linda and …………………………………………. are going to the mall. We are in a rush.
Answer:
Linda and I are going to the mall. We are in a rush.

Question 4.
Hungarian is a difficult language to master. But I am going to learn ………………………………………… .
Answer:
Hungarian is a difficult language to master. But I am going to learn it.

Question 5.
The Sharmas are arriving tomorrow. Can you pick …………………………………………. up from the airport?
Answer:
The Sharmas are arriving tomorrow. Can you pick them up from the airport?

B. In the following passage, six pronouns have been omitted. Insert a slash (/) where you think a pronoun is missing and write the pronouns in the spaces provided. One has been done for you.

Garima, Gullu, Shreya and Keshu are in Marrakesh, a city in
Morocco. Today/are on a safari from Marrakesh. They are – 1. they
riding camels. Gullu has been on a desert safari once before.
enjoyed the experience. The others are visiting a desert – 2. ……………………………..
for the very first time. have packed food, water, blankets – 3. ……………………………..
and everything they will need for the night, on their camels.
A bird is flying above them. can fly faster than – 4. ……………………………..
the camels can walk. By evening, will reach an oasis. – 5. ……………………………..
will spend the night there around a campfire. – 6. ……………………………..
Answer:
1. they
2 He
3. They
4. It
5. they
6. They