DAV Class 8 SST Chapter 14 Question Answer – The Nationalist Movement 1870 to 1947

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DAV Class 8 SST Ch 14 Question Answer – The Nationalist Movement 1870 to 1947

DAV Class 8 SST Ch 14 Solutions – The Nationalist Movement 1870 to 1947

Something to Know

A. Tick (✓) the correct option.

Question 1.
Montague Chemsford reforms introduced-
(a) the system of Dual government.
(b) a strong Central Government.
(c) autonomy to the provinces of British India.
(d) separate electorate for the Muslims.
Answer:
(a) the system of Dual government.

Question 2.
Gandhiji started the historic Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi on-
(a) March 12, 1930
(b) Febuaryl2, 1930
(c) March 13, 1930
(d) April 13, 1930
Answer:
(a) March 12, 1930

Question 3.
What was the British motive behind the partition of Bengal in July, 1905?
(a) It was difficult to govern such a big province.
(b) It was difficult to collect revenue in a large state like Bengal.
(c) The Britishers wanted to weaken the Hindi-Muslim unity.
(d) The Britishers wanted to win over the Muslims.
Answer:
(c) The Britishers wanted to weaken the Hindi-Muslim unity.

Question 4.
Who amongst the following was not a moderate?
(a) W.C. Bonnerjee
(b) Pherozshah Mehta
(c) Gopal Krishan Gokhale
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer:
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai

Question 5.
The slogan “Do or Die” was given during the-
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Peasant and Workers’ Movement
Answer:
(b) Quit India Movement

B. Fill in the blanks.

1. The rule of East India Company ended on ________ .
Answer:
November 1, 1858

2. ________ was organised by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
Answer:
Indian National Army

3. Early phase of Congress was under ________ leaders.
Answer:
modrates

4. Home Rule League was started by ________ in Madras.
Answer:
Anne Besant

5. Rowlatt Act empowered the British to put people in jail without ________ .
Answer:
trial

C. Match the following.

Table 1
Answer:
Table 2

D. Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1.
Mention the main demands of the radical group of the Congress.
Answer:

• To drive away the Britishers as soon as possible.
• To believe in actions- protests, hartals and slogans.
• To propagate Indian culture and Hinduism.

Question 2.
State the major achievement of Lucknow Pact of 1916.
Answer:
In 1916, the moderates and Radicals reunited to strengthen the national movement after nine years and the signed the pact with the Muslim League.

Question 3.
Describe the contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose in the freedom struggle of India.
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose was well- known figure during the freedom struggle. He was ready to join hands with enemies of the British to get the British out of India. His popular slogan, You give me blood and I will give you freedom’ enthus people with immense courage and hope. He disappeared from the British detention and went abroad to seek help for the cause of India’s independence. Later on, he organised Indian National Army (INA) to overthrow the British from India.

Question 4.
List the main features of the Lahore session of Congress in 1929.
Answer:
In December 1929, the Congress session was held on the bank of River Ravi in Lahore, with Pandit Jawaharlal Nahru as the President. The historic resolution of Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence was passed. At this session, it was decided to celebrate January 26, 1930 as the First Independence Day of India.

Question 5.
Explain any three main provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935.
Answer:
The three man provision of the Government of India Act, 1935 are:

• The Head of the Central Administration was the Governor- General. He continued to have the supreme power.
• The Centre continued to control defence, external affairs and railways.
• A Federal Court was established for provinces and Princely States.

E. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who were the moderates? What were their main demands?
Answer:
A group of leaders called moderate influenced the Congress in its early phase. The Moderates were against taking extreme actions. They had deep faith in the good intention of the British government. They were of the opinion that slowly and steadily, they would make the British go to their land. The prominent moderate leaders were Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee and others.

Their main demands were to:

• have representative institutions in the whole country for the welfare of the people
• create Provincial Legislative Councils in all provinces.
• recruit Indians for higher positions in the administration.
• ensure the growth of Indian industries and handicrafts.
• stop the drain to wealth to Britian.

Question 2.
Describe the role played by any two mass movements toward intensifying the struggle for freedom.
Answer:
(i) Swadeshi Movement: This movement started in 1905 when Bengal was partitioned. Indians boycotted foreign goods and used only Indian goods. Students played an important role in this movement by boycotting classes and picketing shops selling foreign goods. Many women also joined processions and picketing. The movement soon spread from Bengal to Maharashtra and Punjab.

(ii) Civil Disobedience Movement: The British government passed a law, banning manufacturing salt by Indians. In 1930, Gandhiji decided to break this law. Mahatma Gandhi and other prominent leaders of the freedom struggle know that by this, British could sell salt at high rates. It is an essential item of our food. Both the rich and the poor needed it equally.

On 6 April, 1930, Gandhiji alongwith his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi. Here, he broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore.
A large number of people including common mass participated in this historic march. The movement played an important role in achieving freedom of India.

Question 3.
Why did Gandhiji give a call to start Non-Cooperation Movement? Which activities gave momentum to this Movement?
Answer:
Gandhiji believed that the British rule was established and survived in India with the cooperation of Indians. So in 1920, Gandhiji called for Non- Cooperation- not to cooperate with the government. Non-Cooperation was directed against the injustices done by the British in Punjab and Turkey. It began with-

• renouncing of titles and honours given by the British.
• boycott of legislatures.
• boycott of schools and colleges by stduents and teachers.
• opening of Jamia Milia at Aligarh and Kashi Vidya Peeth at Benaras.
• boycott of government offices and courts.
• bonfires of foreign goods.
• hartals and strikes all over the country.

After 1919, the struggle against the British rule took the form of a mass movement which involved peasants, tribals, students, workers, traders, women etc. The unity between Hindus and Muslims strengthened. When the Non-Coopreation movement was launched, people wholeheartedly participated in it.

Question 4.
Describe two main features of each of Morley Min to Reforms of 1909 and Government of India Act of 1919 as well as 1935.
Answer:
Table 3

Question 5.
“Quit India Movement was the last blow to the British rule in India.” Give arguments in support of this statement.
Answer:
(i) Mahatma Gandhi and the people of India wanted the British to leave India without any further delay. He gave a final blow to the Britishers on August 8, 1942 by launching the Quit India movement. It was a Civil Disobedience movement in response to Gandhi’s call for immediate independence.

(ii) He raised the slogan ‘do or die’ which spread among the common masses very soon. The Britishers were infuriated. The police and army waged brutal terror on people.

(iii) Gandhiji and all prominent Congress leaders were sent to jail within 24 hours. But this did not prevent the movement from spreading. It specially attracted peasants and the youth who gave up their studies to join the movement. Communications and symbols of state authority were attacked all over the country. In several areas people set up their own governments.

(iv) The British tried to repress these developments severely. About 90.0 people were arrested and 1.0 were killed in police firing. But the movement did not go in vain. It brought freedom very close.

Value Based Question

Ever since the freedom struggle under the British in India, there had been constant disagreements between the ways of the moderates, the extremists and various reactionary leaders, such as Gandhiji, Chandrashekhar Azad, Subhash Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru. All of them contributed to the freedom struggle in their own ways.

Question 1.
Whose way, do you feel, was more effective and why?
Answer:
In my opinion, the way of extremists to demand freedom from the British rule was more effective. The moderates adopted moderate ways to pursue their goals, but the British did not give up committing at activities on Indians. They did not understand the language of moderation. But when extremists started protests, strikes and raising slogans against them the Britishers got disturbed and decided to leave India. Though there were some other reasons also.

Question 2.
Keeping in mind the present day problems of our country, what, should be the role of citizens?
Answer:
Today people start protests on some issues or other and damage public property. As a citizens of India, they should not adopt such ways. After all such people harm their own motherland. They should adopt moderate way to get something done by the government.

Map Skill

On an outline political map of India, locate and label the places/states associated with the following:
(a) Formation of Indian National Congress
(b) Home Rule League
(c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(d) The Congress session of 1920
(e) Division of Congress 1907
(f) Terminal point of the Salt March 1930
(g) Place associated with the calling-off Non-Cooperation Movement
Answer:

Something to Do

Question 1.
Conduct a street play to show, any one of these- 1. demonstrations against the Partition of Bengal, 2. protest against the Simon Commission at Lahore led by Lala Lajpat Rai 3. the Dandi March led by Gandhiji to start the Civil Disobedience Movements.
Answer:
Do it yourself

Question 2.
Complete the given flowchart showing the years and events related to them.
Answer:

Question 3.
Visit Mahatma Gandhi’s Samadhi at Rajghat. Collect information about Gandhiji from the musuem located nearby called Gandhi Smriti.
Answer:
Do it yourself

DAV Class 8 Social Science Chapter 14 Question Answer – The Nationalist Movement 1870 to 1947

A. Tick (✓) the correct option.

Question 1.
The Indian Association was established in Calcutta by
(a) WC Banerjee
(b) A.O. Hume
(c) Surendranath Banerjee
(d) Aurobindo Ghose
Answer:
(c) Surendranath Banerjee

Question 2.
The first meeting of the Indian National Congress took place in
(a) Calcutta
(b) Bombay
(c) Madras
(d) Nagpur
Answer:
(a) Calcutta

Question 3.
Who among the following was not a Moderate leader?
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Surendra Nath
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer:
(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Question 4.
Radicals believed in
(a) protests
(b) hartals
(c) slogans
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

Question 5.
Who raised the slogan ‘Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it?
(a) Lala Lajpat Rai
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Bipin Chandra Pal
(d) Chandrashekhar Azad
Answer:
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Question 6.
The partition of Bengal took place in the year
(a) 1905
(b) 1906
(c) 1916
(d) 1917
Answer:
(a) 1905

Question 7.
In which session of the Congress a call was given for attainment of ‘Swaraj?
(a) Surat Session
(b) Nagpur Session
(c) Bombay Session
(d) Calcutta Session
Answer:
(d) Calcutta Session

Question 8.
The Muslim League was formed in 1906 by
(a) Nawab Salimulla
(b) Saiffudin Kitchlew
(c) Aga Khan
(d) Muhammad Ali
Answer:
(c) Aga Khan

Question 9.
Ms Annie Besant established the Home Rule League in.
(a) Calcutta
(b) Bombay
(c) Madras
(d) Surat
Answer:
(c) Madras

Question 10.
The Moderates and Radicals reunited in the
(a) Nagpur Session, 1925
(b) Madras Session, 1927
(c) Lucknow Session, 1916
(d) Amritsar Session, 1919
Answer:
(c) Lucknow Session, 1916

Question 11.
Gandhiji’s first movement was in support of
(a) dalits
(b) mill workers
(c) plantation workers
(d) peasants
Answer:
(d) peasants

Question 12.
Who took up the cause of peasants of Bardoli in Gujarat?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Sardar Ballabhbhai Patel
(c) Ali Brothers
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer:
(b) Sardar Ballabhbhai Patel

Question 13.
The Lahore Session was presided over by
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Dadabhai Naoroji
(c) Abdul Gaffar Khan
(d) Sardar Ballabhbhai Patel
Answer:
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 14.
Quit India Movement was started on
(a) January 30, 1930
(b) March 12, 1930
(c) August 8, 1942
(d) August 10, 1943
Answer:
(c) August 8, 1942

B. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the British official who helped in the formation of INC.
Answer:
A.O. Hume.

Question 2.
Name three radical leaders of Congress.
Answer:
Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal popularly known as Lai, Bal, Pal.

Question 3.
What happened at the Surat Session in 1907?
Answer:
The differences between the Moderates and Radicals became prominent during the Surat Session in 1907.

Question 4.
What was the major technique of Gandhiji as a form of agitation?
Answer:
It was the technique of non-violent agitation known as satyagraha.

Question 5.
Why did peasants join the freedom struggle against the British?
Answer:
Peasants joined the freedom struggle to oppose British exploitation and high taxes.

Question 6.
Who helped A.O. Hume in the formation of the Indian National Congress?
Answer:
72 educated Indian delegates from different regions of the country helped A.O. Hume in the formation of the Indian National Congress.

Question 7.
Under whose presidentship did the first meeting of the Indian National Congress take place?
Answer:
The first meeting of the Indian National Congress took place is Bombay under the presidentship of W.C. Bannerjee.

Question 8.
Mention one difference between the Moderates and Radicals.
Answer:
The Moderates believed in moderate ways to pursue their goals. The Radicals, on the other hand, believed in actions-protests, hartals and slogans.

Question 9.
Name any two prominent Moderate leaders.
Answer:
(i) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(ii) Surendra Nath Banerjee

Question 10.
Name any two prominent Radical leaders.
Answer:
(i) Aurobindo Ghosh
(ii) Lala Lajpat Rai

Question 11.
Who issued an order to partition of Bengal?
Answer:
Lord Curzon issued an order to Partition of Bengal.

Question 12.
With which incident is the Swadeshi Movement associated?
Answer:
The Swadeshi Movement is associated with partition of Bengal.

Question 13.
How did the students participate in the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
They boycotted classes and picketed shops selling foreign goods.

Question 14.
Who led the Moderates?
Answer:
Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Pherozeshah Mehta led the Moderates.

Question 15.
Who led the Radicals?
Answer:
Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal led the Radicals.

Question 16.
What was the purpose of the Home Rule League?
Answer:
The purpose of the Home Rule League was to attain self-government.

Question 17.
How did Mahatma Gandhi help the peasants of Champaran?
Answer:
He forced the British government to increase the price of indigo for the benefit of peasants.

Question 18.
In which way did the Rowlatt Act empower the British government?
Answer:
The Rawlatt Act empowered the British government to arrest anyone without a warrant and imprison people without trial.

Question 19.
What happened on April 13, 1919?
Answer:
Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on this day. Hundreds of innocent, unnarmed men, women and children were killed ruthlessly.

Question 20.
Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement called off?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi believed in a non¬violent struggle against the British oppression. But the Non-cooperation Movement took a violent turn at Chauri-Chaura in Uttar Pradesh in 1922. Therefore, the movement was called-off.

Question 21.
Name any two leaders who opposed Gandhiji’s decision of calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
Subhash Chandra Bose and Lala Lajpat Rai.

Question 22.
Why was the Simon Commission sent to India in 1927?
Answer:
The Simon Commission was sent to India to review the Government of India Act of 1919 and suggest further reforms ta appease the Indians.

Question 23.
Why did the Congress boycott the Simon Commission?
Answer:
The Congress boycotted the commission as it did not have even a single Indian representative.

Question 24.
Who led the Civil Disobedience Movement in North-West Frontier Province? What is he popularly known as?
Answer:
It was Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan who led the Civil Disobedience Movement in North West Frontier Province. He is popularly known as Frontier Gandhi.

Question 25.
Why did the Indian merchants like Purushottam Das Thakur and G.D. Birla join the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Answer:
They joined the Civil Disobedience Movement to safeguard their business from the British.

Question 26.
Name any two revolutionary groups which were active during India’s freedom struggle.
Answer:
Jugantar Party and Gadar Party.

Question 27.
Why did Dalits and other depressed classes form associations?
Answer:
They did so in order to put forward their demands and grievances.

Question 28.
Who organised Indian National Army (INA)? Why?
Answer:
Subash Chandra Bose organised Indian National Army to overthrow the British from India.

Question 29.
Who was the Viceroy of India at the time of its partition?
Answer:
Lord Mountbatten was the Viceroy of India at the time of its partition.

Question 30.
The Constitution of India was completed on November 26, 1949 but it was decided to enforce it on January 26. Why?
Answer:
It was on January 26, 1930 the first Independence Day of India was celebrated. Therefore, the Constitution of India was enforced on this day to preserve its memory.

C. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List two demands of Moderates.
Answer:

• To have representative institutions in the whole country for the welfare of the people.
• To create Provincial Legislative Councils in all provinces.

Question 2.
Why did the British encourage the Muslims to form a separate organisation?
Answer:
The British encouraged the Muslims to form a separate organisation in order to weaken the nationalist movement.

Question 3.
Name the British officer who gave the order for the partition of Bengal. Mention any two reasons for the partition of the province of Bengal. (DAV Board)
Answer:
It was Lord Curzon who gave the order for the partition of Bengal.
Two reasons for the partition:

• The British wanted to weaken the Hindu-Muslim unity in the national movement.
• The official reason given by the Britishers was that it was difficult to govern and collect revenue from such a big province. Hence, partition was essential.

Question 4.
Who presided over the Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929? Which two decisions were taken in the session? (DAV Board)
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the Lahore Session of the Congress in 1929. The two decisions that were taken in this session were:

• The historic resolution of Puma Swaraj or Complete Independence was passed.
• It was decided to celebrate January 26, 1930 as the first Independence Day of India.

Question 5.
Who were Moderates? State any two demands placed by them in front of the British Government? (DAV Board)
Answer:
A group of leaders called moderate influenced the Congress in its early phase. The Moderates were against taking extreme actions. They had deep faith in the good intention of the British government. They were of the opinion that slowly and steadily, they would make the British go to their land. The prominent moderate leaders were Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendra Nath Banerjee and others.

Their main demands were to:

• have representative institutions in the whole country for the welfare of the people
• create Provincial Legislative Councils in all provinces.
• recruit Indians for higher positions in the administration.
• ensure the growth of Indian industries and handicrafts.
• stop the drain to wealth to Britian.

The main demands Of The Radical Group Of The Congress:

• To drive away the Britishers as soon as possible.
• To believe in actions- protests, hartals and slogans.
• To propagate Indian culture and Hinduism.

Question 6.
Mention three features of the Government of India Act of 1919.
Answer:
The Montague Chemsford Reform or Government of India Act of 1919 was a set of reforms introduced by the British to appease the people of India. But the reforms were insignificant. Three features of this Act were:
(i) The number of elected members was increased in Legislature Assembly and Council of States but there was no change in the location of power.
(ii) The system of Dual Government- Dyarchy was introduced. All important subjects, like finance and police were put under the control of the Governor.
(iii) The Indian ministers were given the charge of education and health. But the real power was still remained with the British officials.

Question 7.
Write a note on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
Answer:
On April 13, 1919, the people of Punjab gathered on the auspicious day of Baishakhi at Jallianwala Bagh near Golden Temple in Amritsar. They were protesting peacefully against the arrest of Dr Satya Pal and Saiffudin Kitchlew, two prominent national leaders. General Dyer ordered the British armed forces to open fire at the hundreds of innocent, unarmed men, women and children. The massacre shocked the whole country. The government imposed martial law in Punjab to suppress the people.

Question 8.
Mention three reforms introduced by the Government of India Act of 1935.
Answer:
The Government of India Act of 1935 introduced some reforms to pacify Indians. Three of them were:

• The head of the Central administration was the Governor General. He continued to have the supreme power.
• The Centre continued to control defence, internal affairs and railways.
• A federal court was established for provinces and princely states.

Question 9.
What were the consequences of the partition of Bengal?
Answer:

• The partition of Bengal enraged people all over the country. Both the Moderates and the Radicals in the Congress opposed this action of the British.
• The Swadeshi Movement and National Education were adopted as tools for achieving Swaraj.
• Indians boycotted foreign goods and used only Indian goods. Students played an important role in these movements by boycotting classes and picketing shops selling foreign goods. Many women also joined processions and picketing.

Question 10.
How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?
Answer:

• The Radicals within the congress cherished different opinions. They had deep faith in action and wanted to drive away the foreigners as soon as possible.
• They criticised the Moderates for their ‘politics of prayers’ and gave emphasis on self-reliance and constructive work.
• They argued that people must fight for Swaraj. Unless they fought against the British rule unitedly, they would not bring independence to their country.

D. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What changes occurred in the Indian political scene after Mahatma Gandhiji’s arrival?
Answer:

1. Mahatma Gandhi took over the leadership of the Congress after the First World War. He introduced the technique of non-violent agitation, which was called Satyagraha, i.e., demand for truth.
2. He propagated tolerance, brotherhood, non-violence and simple living.
3. Gandhiji realised that social reforms were necessary for a truly national struggle. He opened Sabaramati Asham in Gujarat where people of all castes and religions were welcomed.
4. He launched many powerful mass movements which shook the root of the British government in India.

Question 2.
Mention the role of revolutionary movements in India’s struggle for freedom.
Answer:
The revolutionary movements played a significant role in India’s struggle for freedom:
(i) The radical minded Indians were upset when Non-cooperation Movement was called off all of a sudden. In extreme frustration they decided to loot the government cash from a train for buying weapons. Many of them were arrested and tried in the Kakori Conspiracy case.

(ii) Jugantar party, started by Aurobindo Ghosh, planned an armed revolt against the British during the First World War.

(iii) Hindustani Socialist Republican Association was formed in Kanpur by Ramprasad Bismil, Jagesh Chatterjee, Chandrashekhar Azad, Jogendra Shukla etc. Kakori Train Robbery was a well-known act of this group.

(iv) A bomb was thrown in the Central Legislative Assembly by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt.

(v) In Lahore Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad and Raj guru assassinated Police Commissioner, Sanders, who was responsible for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai. These revolutionary movements intensified the struggle for freedom.

Question 3.
Was “Boycott” an effective tool? How did it help to spread anti-British feeling in India?
Answer:
“Boycott’ was, undoubtedly, an effective tool adopted by the Indians in extreme frustration. This method put a pressure on the British government in India.
(i) This method was first of all applied at the time of the partition of Bengal in 1905. Annoyed Indians boycotted foreign goods and used only Indian goods. Students boycotted classes and picketed shops selling foreign goods. Many women also joined processions and picketing. The titles conferred by the British were surrendered.

(ii) The Non-Cooperation Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi also helped to spread anti-British feeling in India. It was directed against the injustices done by the British in Punjab and Turkey. It began with boycott of legislatures and boycott of schools and colleges by the students and teachers. Government offices and courts were also boycotted. Foreign goods were bonefired.

(iii) The Simon Commission was boycotted by the Congress as well as the Muslim League because the Commission did not have even a single Indian representative.
In each and every case, we see that- people on a large scale participated in the boycott. Such boycotts definitely put pressure on the British government and finally they decided to leave the country.

Question 4.
Why did Mahatma Gandhi break the Salt law? How did his Salt Satyagraha become a mass movement? How did the British suppress it?
Answer:
Gandhiji was very much worried about the salt law. According to this law, the British government had a monopoly on the manufacture and sale of salt. Gandhiji thought that it was sinful to tax salt because it is an essential item of our food and is required equally by the rich and the poor. Hence, he decided to break this law.

On March 12, 1930, Mahatma Gandhi began his epic Dandi March from Sabaramati Ashram to Dandi. He was accompanied by 78 supporters. They made salt from sea water and broke the law. Gandhiji’s Salt Satyagraha was an open challenge to the British and the civil Disobedience spread all over the country.

It became the second mass movement as schools, colleges and courts were boycotted, foreign goods were burnt, peasants refused to pay taxes and shops setting foreign goods were picketed. The British government tried to repress the movement and resorted to violence. Thousands of protesters were arrested along with Gandhiji and Jawaharlal Nehru. Nationalism spread in all parts of the country.

Question 5.
List any six protest activities used during the Non-cooperation Movement under leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. Why was the movement withdrawn by Gandhiji in 1922? (DAV Board)
Answer:
The Non-Cooperation Movement started in 1920. It was directed against the injustices done by the British in Punjab and Turkey. Six protest activities that were used in this movement were:

• Titles and honours given by the British were renounced.
• Legislatures were boycotted.
• Schools and Colleges were boycotted by students and teachers.
• Government offices and courts were boycotted.
• Foreign goods were set on fire.
• Hartals and strikes occurred all over the country.

Mahatma Gandhi believed in a non-violent-struggle against the British oppression. But the Non-cooperation Movement took a violent turn at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh in 1922. Here, the police fired upon a group of demonstrators. The agitated mob set a police station on fire and burnt 22 policemen alive. This incident of violence shocked Gandhiji. He called off the movement without any delay.

Map Skill

On an outline political map of India, show the following:
(i) A place where the first meeting of the Indian National Congress took place in 1885.
(ii) A place where the Home Rule League was established by Ms. Annie Besant.
(iii) A place where violence occurred during the Non-cooperation Movement.
(iv) A place where Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place.
(v) A place where Gandhiji began a mass movement supporting the indigo
Answer:

Something To Do

Question 1.
How would you react if you were forced to live in one comer of your house by a powerful outsider?
Answer:
It would be extremely unfortunate for anyone. Freedom is dear to all. No one wants to be dictated by any other. Our freedom fighters had first hand experience of slavery. They fought for the country and brought freedom for us.

Question 2.
Find out about life and work of any two leaders of the national movement. Present your findings in the class.
Answer:
Do yourself.

Question 3.
Imagine that you are a part of the national struggle for independence. Mention any two methods of struggle that you would adopt to free India.
Answer:
(i) Non-cooperation Movement
(ii) Swadesi Movement
The two methods proved very effective and played an important role in bringing freedom close.

Question 4.
List important resolutions/proposals passed during each session with reference to the map given on page 132.
Answer:
List of important resolutions/proposals

Name of Session	Year	Resolution / proposal
1. Calcutta Session	1906	A call was given for attainment of ‘Swaraj ’- self-government.
2. Surat Session	1907	The Moderates and Radicals parted away.
3. Lucknow Session	1916	The Moderates and Radicals reunited and demanded self-rule in India.
4. Nagpur Session	1925	Gandhi’s call for Non-cooperation ratified.
5. Lahore Session	1929	The historic resolution of Purna Swaraj or Complete independence was passed. It was decided to celebrate January 26, 1930 as the first Independence Day of India.