These DAV Class 8 SST Solutions and DAV Class 8 SST Chapter 9 Question Answer – Establishment of Company Rule in India are thoughtfully prepared by experienced teachers.
DAV Class 8 SST Ch 9 Question Answer – Establishment of Company Rule in India
DAV Class 8 SST Ch 9 Solutions – Establishment of Company Rule in India
Something to Know
A. Tick (✓) the correct option.
Question 1.
Where is Fort William located-
(a) Bombay
(b) Calcutta
(c) Cochin
(d) Madras
Answer:
(b) Calcutta
Question 2.
The Battle of Plassey was fought in the year-
(a) 1754
(b) 1755
(a) 1756
(d) 1757
Answer:
(d) 1757
Question 3.
Which ruler was killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore war?
(a) Hyder Ali
(b) Shah Alam
(c) Nizam-ul-Mulk
(d) Tipu Sultan
Answer:
(d) Tipu Sultan
Question 4.
The first Governor-General of British India was-
(a) Robert Clive
(b) Warren Hasting
(c) Lord Dalhousie
(d)Lord Wellesley
Answer:
(b) Warren Hasting
Question 5.
In which battle Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated by Robert Clive?
(a) Battle of Panipat
(b) Battle of Buxar
(c) Battle of Plassey
(d) Battle of Wandiwash
Answer:
(c) Battle of Plassey
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. ________ was the capital of Carnatic.
Answer:
Arcot
2. ________ built small army units at presidency settlements.
Answer:
Robert Clive
3. ________ was called back to France in disgrace.
Answer:
Dupleix
4. ________ means the right to collect land revenue.
Answer:
Diwani
5. Second Anglo-Mysore War ended with the Treaty of ________ in 1784.
Answer:
Mangalore
C. Match the following.
| 1. Lord Wellesley | (a) Greatest annexationist |
| 2. Tiger of Mysore | (b) Governor-General of India in 1798. |
| 3. Lord Dalhousie | (c) Nawab of Carnatic |
| 4. Anwar-ud-Din | (d) Tipu Sultan |
| 5. Mir Qasim | (e) Nawab of Bengal |
Answer:
| 1. Lord Wellesley | (b) Governor-General of India in 1798. |
| 2. Tiger of Mysore | (d) Tipu Sultan |
| 3. Lord Dalhousie | (a) Greatest annexationist |
| 4. Anwar-ud-Din | (c) Nawab of Carnatic |
| 5. Mir Qasim | (e) Nawab of Bengal |
D. Answer the following questions in brief.
Question 1.
Which Portuguese explorer discovered the sea route to India? How did this mark the beginnings of European era in India?
Answer:
Vasco da Gama was the Portuguese explorer who discovered the sea route to India.
By the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had established their colony in Goa. In the next century, India became a popular destination for a large number of European traders, adventurers and missionaries from England, Spain, France, Holland, etc.
Question 2.
Why did the European trading companies set up trade centres in coastal areas?
Answer:
The establishment of trading centres in coastal areas was very beneficial for the companies. They could easily buy spices, cotton textiles, indigo and saltpetre at cheap rates from India and sell them in Europe and America at high price. Also, in those days there were no other routes except water routes. Hence, the trading companies had no choice.
Question 3.
Explain the policy of “Divide and Rule’ adopted by the British. What was its impact on the Indian princes?
Answer:
The Indian rulers often fought with one another on some issue or the other. The East India Company established friendly ralations with the local princes to get more profits. The Indian rulers sought the help of the English military to settle their internal rivalries among the Indian rulers. The British introduced the policy of “Divide and Rule’. As a result, the Indian princes became more puppets in the hands of the English.
Question 4.
Describe the causes and the consequences of the First Carnatic War.
Answer:
The First Carnatic War was the result of Austrian succession war that took place in 1740 between Austria and Prussia. England and France entered opposite sides in this war. Commodore Barnet, the British Naval Officer arrived into India with troop. But the French proposed peace with British.
The Nawab of Carnatic, Anwar-ud-Din, also ordered that there should not be any war. So, Commodore Barnet returned to England, but Dupleix did not keep his promise and attacked Madras and occupied it. The British complained to the Nawab. He declared war against the French. The battle took place in 1746. In this battle Anwar- ud-Din was defeated by the French. The Austrian succession war came to an end in 1748. The power of France weakened in India also. France was forced to sign a treaty and handover Madras back to England.
Question 5.
How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?
Answer:
Right to collect Diwani by the British began a Dual Government in Bengal. The Nawab looked after the administration and the Company controlled the army, the judiciary and the revenue collection of Bengal. This arrangement gave immense power to the British without any responsibility.
E. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
How did East India Company become an imperial power in India? Explain.
Answer:
(i) The East India Company was established as a trading company. It took advantage of the political instability and took over the control of a large part of India.
(ii) The Company set up trading ports in Surat and the three presidency settlements at Fort William in Bengal, Fort St. George in Madras and the Bombay castle.
(iii) They established friendly relations with the local princes to further their profits. The Indian princes became mere puppets in the hands of the English.
(iv) The Indian princes signed alliances to secure the help of the English military to settle their internal rivalries.
(v) The Company’s victory in the Battle of Plassey and then in the Battle of Buxar strengthened its root in India. It gave the British immense confidence which helped them to expand their power in large part of the country.
(vi) In 1765, the British got the right to collect Diwani in Bengal. This arrangement allowed the Company to use vast revenue resources of Bengal.
Question 2.
What is meant by a Dual government? How did it lead to public suffering?
Answer:
Dual Government began in Bengal when the British got the right to collect Diwani. Under this system, the Nawab looked after the administration and the company controlled the army, the judiciary and the revenue collection of Bengal. This arrangement gave immense power to the British without any responsibility.
Subsequently, suffering of the general public started. Thousands of people died in the Bengal famine in 1770 but the Company did not help the victims and the Nawab did not have the resources.
Question 3.
The Battle of Buxar was a turning point in India. Give arguments to support the statement.
Answer:
The Battle of Buxar was very important in the history of India. The East India Company’s victory in this battle established British colonial rule in Bengal Presidency and subsequent expansion of British control all over India. The battle was beneficial for the expansion of the power of the East India Company. It grained the rule and the Diwani— the right to collect the revenue from Bengal, which included Bihar and Orissa (now Odisha).
Question 4.
What was the importance of the Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
The Battle of Plassey is generally thought to signify the start of British rule in India. It was fought between the forces of East India Company under Robert Clive and the army of Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey between Calcutta and Murshidabad. Mir Jafar, who wanted to become the Nawab, bribed Indian soldiers to throw away their weapons. Clive easily won the battle. The British consolidated their position in Bengal by making Mir Jafar, the Nawab of Bengal. He gifted large sums of money and 24 Parganas of Bengal to the British.
Value Based Question
The Battle of Plassey was fought between the forces of East India Company led by Robert Clive and Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. Mir Jafar, the Commander- in-Chief who wanted to become the Nawab, bribed Indian soldiers to throw away their weapons. As a result, Robert Clive won the battle. Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal.
Question 1.
What was the main reason for the defeat of Siraj-ud-Daulah at the Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
The Indian soldiers took bribe and threw away their weapons. As a result, Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated by Robert Clive.
Question 2.
If you would have been in place of Mr. Jafar, what would you have done and why?
Answer:
If I were in place of Mir Jafar, I did not adopt this unfair means to fulfil my selfish motive.
Mir Jafar was an Indian citizen though he was a Commander-in¬Chief also. We should be sincere and honest to our job and duty. But when our job compels us to work to weaken our motherland, we can be dishonest to our job as our motherland is the first and then our job.
Map Skill
On an outline political map of India, mark the following kingdoms/territorries during the expansion of the power of the East India Company.
(a) Mysore
(b) Carnatic
(c) Bengal
(d) Punjab
(e) Hyderabad
(f) Madras
(g) Bombay
Answer:
Something to Do
Question 1.
Find out
(a) Why did the Britishers force the Indian farmers to grow indigo?
(b) Why were Indian farmers hestitant to grow indigo?
(c) Collect information about an indigo plant.
Answer:
(a) Indigo plantation became an extremely profitable venture in the 17th and 18th centuries due to high demands from Europe.
(b) Indian farmers were hesitant to grow indigo for the following reasons: Indigo had to be cultivated on the best soils in which peasants preferred to cultivate rice.
Indigo had deep roots and it exhausted the soil rapidly. After an indigo harvest the land could not be sown with rice. Moreover, the price that the farmers were paid for this crop was as low as 2.5% of the actual market price of their produce. As a result farmers never profited from their work. They were pushed endlessly into a debt that they could rarely even pay off within their lifetime.
(c) A variety of plants have provided indigo throughout history, but most natural indigo was obtained from
those in the genus Indigofera, which are native to the tropics, notably the Indian subcontinent. The primary commercial indigo species in Asia was true indigo (Indigofera tinctoria, also known as I. sumatrana). A common alternative used in the realtively colder subtropical locations such as Japan’s Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan is Strobilanth.es cusia.
Dyer’s knotweed (Polygonum tinctorum) was the most important blue dye in East Asia until the arrival of the Indigofera species from the south, which yield more dye. In Central and South America, the species grown is I. suffruticosa (anil). In Europe woad containing the same dye was used for blue-dying. Several plants contain indigo, but low concentrations make them difficult to work with and the colour is then more easily obtainted by other by substances, typically leading to a Greenish tinge.
Question 2.
List the factors that favoured the British to win the wars with regional powers in India.
Answer:
Some of the factors are given below:
(i) Lack of strong central authority
(ii) Political instability
(iii) Personal interests/ambitions
(iv) Lack of loyalty for the mother earth
(v) Corrupt officials
Question 3.
Prepare a tabular chart of the Carnatic Wars, the Anglo-Maratha Wars, the Anglo- Mysore Wars and the Anglo-Sikh Wars as shown below.
Answer:
| War | Period | Warrings | Victorians |
| 1. First Carnatic War | 1746-48 | French and English | English |
| 2. Second Carnatic War | 1749-54 | French and English | English |
| 3. Third Carnatic War | 1756-63 | French and English | English |
| 4. First Anglo-Mysore War | 1767-69 | Nizam, Marathas, English and Mysore | Mysore |
| 5. Second Anglo-Mysore War | 1780-84 | Tipu Sultan and English | The war ended with the Treaty of Mangalore |
| 6. Third Anglo-Mysore War | 1790-92 | Tipu Sultan and English | English |
| 7. Forth Anglo-Mysore War | 1799 | Tipu Sultan and English | English |
| 8. Forth Anglo-Maratha War | 1755-82 | English and Maratha | The war ended with a Treaty of Salbai |
| 9. Second Anglo-Maratha War | 1803-05 | English and Maratha | English |
| 10. Third Anglo-Maratha War | 1817-18 | English and Maratha | English |
DAV Class 8 Social Science Chapter 9 Question Answer – Establishment of Company Rule in India
A. Tick (✓) the correct option.
Question 1.
The Portuguese established their colony in
(a) Pondicherry
(b) Bengal
(c) Goa
(d) Hyderabad
Answer:
(c) Goa
Question 2.
The two main rival trading companies were
(a) Spanish and French
(b) Dutch and English
(c) English and French
(d) Portuguese and French
Answer:
(c) English and French
Question 3.
The headuarters of the French trading company were at
(a) Madras
(b) Pondicherry
(c) Calcutta
(d) Bengal
Answer:
(b) Pondicherry
Question 4.
The headuarters of the English trading company were at
(a) Fort St. George in Madras
(b) Bombay Castle
(c) Fort William in Bengal
(d) Surat
Answer:
(a) Fort St. George in Madras
Question 5.
The Nawab of Carnatic was
(a) Anwaruddin
(b) Nagir Jung
(c) Muhammad Ali
(d) Muzaffar Jung
Answer:
(a) Anwaruddin
Question 6.
Which of the following sentences is wrong?
(a) Aliwardi Khan was the Nawab of Hyderabad.
(b) He was an able administrator.
(c) Siraj-ud-Daulah became the Nawab of Bengal after Aliwardi Khan
(d) Robert Clive won the Battle of Plassey with the help of Aliwardi khan
Answer:
(a) Aliwardi Khan was the Nawab of Hyderabad.
Question 7.
When the British attacked Mir Qasim, he took refuge at
(a) Bengal
(b) Hyderabad
(c) Awadh
(d) Mysore
Answer:
(c) Awadh
Question 8.
The British got the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and
(a) Awadh
(b) Hyderabad
(c) Madras
(d) Orissa
Answer:
(d) Orissa
Question 9.
Who abolished the Dual Government in Bengal?
(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Warren Hastings
(c) Lord Wellesley
(d) Lord Mountbatten
Answer:
(b) Warren Hastings
Question 10.
The British passed the Regulating Act in
(a) 1771
(b) 1772
(c) 1773
(d) 1775
Answer:
(c) 1773
Question 11.
The name of Hyder Ali is associated with
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Mysore
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Bengal
Answer:
(b) Mysore
Question 12.
Tipu Sultan was the son of
(a) Hyder Ali
(b) Muhammad Ali
(c) Anwaruddin
(d) Mir Qasim
Answer:
(a) Hyder Ali
Question 13.
The Second Anglo-Mysore War concluded after the treaty of
(a) Salbai
(b) Arcot
(c) Mangalore
(d) Srirangapattnam
Answer:
(c) Mangalore
Question 14.
Lord Wellesley was the Governor- General of India at the time of.
(a) First Anglo-Mysore War
(b) Second Anglo-Mysore War
(c) Third Anglo-Mysore War
(d) Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Answer:
(d) Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
Question 15.
The Treaty of Salbai took place in .
(a) 1782
(b) 1785
(c) 1801
(d) 1809
Answer:
(a) 1782
Question 16.
The British fought ________ wars with the Marathas.
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
Answer:
(c) four
Question 17.
The last independent state of India included into the British Empire was.
(a) Bengal
(b) Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Punjab
Answer:
(d) Punjab
B. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Define the term ‘factory’.
Answer:
Many European trading companies established their trading centres in coastal areas of India. These trading centres were called factories.
Question 2.
Name four states that revolted against the weak sucessors of Aurangzeb.
Answer:
Bengal, Awadh, Hyderbad and Mysore.
Question 3.
Name the three presidency settlements set up by the East India Company.
Answer:
- Fort William in Bengal
- Fort St. George in Madras
- Bombay Castle
Question 4.
List the members of Triple Alliance of 1767.
Answer:
- The Nizam
- The Marathas
- The English
Question 5.
Who was Vasco-da-Gama? What is his significance in the history of India?
Answer:
He landed at Calicut in 1498 and marked the beginning of the European era in the Indian history. By the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had established their colony in Goa.
Question 6.
Where did the European trading companies establish their trading centres in India?
Answer:
The European trading companies established their trading centres in coastal areas of India.
Question 7.
What created a competition among the foreign trading companies?
Answer:
The foreign trading companies bought spices, cotton textiles, indigo and saltpetre at cheap rates from India and sold them in Europe and America at high price. The profit margin created a competition among these trading companies.
Question 8.
Where did the East India Company set up trading posts?
Answer:
The East India Company set up trading posts in Surat and the three presidency settlements at Fort William in Bengal, Fort St. George in Madras and the Bombay Castle.
Question 9.
Name the French General who fought two Carnatic wars with the English. Why was he called back to France?
Answer:
Dupleix fought two Carnatic wars. Robert Clive, the British commander, foiled Dupleix at every turn. As a result of constant defeats, he (Dupleix) was called back to France.
Question 10.
Under what pretext did the French collect revenue from the Nizam of Hyderabad?
Answer:
The French collected revenue from the Nizam of Hyderabad under the pretext of providing him protection. But in reality, the revenue was utilised for maintaining the French army.
Question 11.
What led to the third Carnatic war? What was its conseuence?
Answer:
The third Carnatic war started when the British forces captured the French settlement of Chandemagore and defeated the French. They also captured Pondicherry.
Question 12.
Name the warring forces between whom the Battle of Plassey took place.
Answer:
The East India Company under Robert Clive and the army of Siraj- ud-Daulah.
Question 13.
What kind of help did Mir Jafar offer to Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey? Why?
Answer:
Mir Jafar, one of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s commanders, bribed Indian soldiers to throw away their weapons. As a result, Clive won the battle. Mir Jafar did so because Clive had promised to make him Nawab after crushing Siraj-ud-Daulah.
Question 14.
Name the three people who joined hands to wage a war against the British at Buxar. What happened to them?
Answer:
Shuja-ud-Daulah, Mir Qasim and Shah Alam joined hands to wage war against the British at Buxar. They were defeated in it.
Question 15.
What was the Diwani?
Answer:
The Diwani was the right to collect land revenue.
Question 16.
Why did the British pass the Regulating Act of 1773?
Answer:
The British passed the Regulating Act of 1773 to regulate or control the activities of the East India Company.
Question 17.
Why did the British pass Pitt’s India Act 1784?
Answer:
The corruption of the company officials continued even after the passing of the Regulating Act. Hence, in 1784, Pitt’s India Act was passed.
It set up a Board of control to remove the shortcomings of the Regulating Act.
Question 18.
Who fought against Hyder Ali of Mysore?
Answer:
The Nizam, the Marathas and the English together fought against Hyder Ali of Mysore.
Question 19.
What were the conditions of the Treaty of Mangalore?
Answer:
Both the parties Tipu Sultan and the British decided to restore each other’s conquered territories and set the prisoners free.
Question 20.
What was the result of the fourth Anglo-Mysore War?
Answer:
Tipu Sultan was killed and the war ended.
Question 21.
Name the two sides who signed the treaty of Salbai in 1782.
Answer:
The British and the Marathas.
Question 22.
What was Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
Subsidiary Alliance was the British policy of providing military assistance to Indian rulers in exchange of paying for army maintenance. A British resident was stationed at the court for security from other rulers but the main purpose was to keep other European powers away.
Question 23.
What was Lord Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
If an Indian ruler died without leaving behind a natural heir to the throne, his kingdom automatically became a part of the British territory.
Question 24.
What was the result of the Third Anglo-Maratha War?
Answer:
The British abolished the position of Peshwa and Marathas were limited to the small Kingdom of Satara. This was the end of the mighty Maratha power.
Question 25.
Who were Pindaris?
Answer:
Pindaris were cruel mercenaries. Their plundering and robbing destroyed Nizam’s territory.
C. Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Mention any two results of Battle of Buxar.
Answer:
Two results of Battle of Buxar:
(i) Clive was appointed the Governor of Bengal. Mughal Emperor was forced to live in Allahabad on a pension.
(ii) The British got the Diwani (the right to collect land revenue) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
Question 2.
Write any two reasons that attracted the European trading companies to India.
Answer:
(i) The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India had a big market in Europe.
(ii) Indian spices like pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon were in great demand.
Question 3.
Write a note on the First Anglo-Sikh War of 1845-46.
Answer:
The Sikhs had built up a strong army against the British and Afghan aggressions. When the British attacked, the united forces of Punjab (Hindu, Muslim and Sikh) faced the huge British army bravely. But the Prime Minister Lai Singh and Commander Tej Singh turned traitors and the Punjab army was defeated. They were forced to sign the treaty of Lahore. The British occupied Jullonder Doab and handed Jammu and Kashmir to Raja Gulab Singh Dogra.
Question 4.
What led to the beginning of the age of imperialism in India?
Answer:
The Mughal Empire was disintegrated after the death of Aurangzeb. The lack of a strong central authority led to the emergence of many independent states that revolted against the weak successors of Aurangzed. They were the states of Bengal, Awadh, Hyderabad and Mysore. The Sikhs, the Marathas, the Jats and the Rajputs also set up their own Kingdoms. The Europeans took advantage of the situation and the age of imperialism started in India.
Question 5.
Give a brief description of the Second Carnatic War.
Answer:
(i) The French collected revenue from the Nizam of Hyderabad for providing him protection. But in reality, the revenue was utilised for maintaining the French army. After the death of the Nizam, a war broke out between Nazir Jung (Son of Nizam-ul-Mulk) and Muzaffar Jung (grandson of Nizam-ul-Mulk).
(ii) The French signed a secret treaty with Muzaffar Jung and Chanda Sahib to help them with well-trained French forces. They defeated Nazir Jung and Anwaruddin, the Nawab of Carnatic and gained monopoly of trade over South India.
(iii) Anwaruddin died in the battle and his son Muhammad Ali ran away. On the other hand, the English plotted with Nazir Jung and defeated the French army.
Question 6.
How did the British army capture Bengal?
Answer:
(i) The British wanted the control of the rich province of Bengal. Aliwardi Khan, the Nawab of Bengal, was an able administrator. He had followed a policy of keeping the European merchants under his control.
(ii) After his death, when Siraj-ud- Daulah became the Nawab, the British started war intending the fortification of Calcutta. Siraj-ud- Daulah’s troops took over Calcutta.
(iii) In the meanwhile, Robert Clive set out from Madras with a huge army, trained in the European style of warfare and recaptured Calcutta.
Question 7.
Write a note on the First Anglo- Mysore War of 1767-69.
Answer:
Mysore had grown in strength under the leadership of Hyder Ali. He extended his territories over Bednore, Sundra, Sera, Canara and Guti and also subjugated some parts of south India.
In 1767, the Nizam, the Marathas and the English made a Triple Alliance against Hyder Ali of Mysore as they were jealous of his increasing power. But Hyder Ali beat the English at their own game by making peace with the Marathas and luring the Nizam with territorial gains. He attacked Arcot. The British were shocked as they incurred heavy losses. They had to sign a treaty of peace and mutual help with Hyder Ali.
Question 8.
Give an assessment of the important events of the Anglo-Mysore War.
Answer:
(i) The British wanted to crush Tipu’s power in Mysore. So, soon they got an opportunity when Tipu Sultan invaded Travancore which was under the protection of the British. A war started between the two.
(ii) Tipu’s alliance with the French did not help, as France was busy in French Revolution. The British took advantage of the situation and laid siege on Srirangapattnam.
(iii) Tipu was forced to sign the Treaty of Srirangapattnam in 1792. Mysore had to hand over half of its territory to the British along with Tipu’s two sons as war hostages.
Question 9.
Why did the second Anglo-Maratha war of 1803-05 take place? What were its consequences?
Answer:
1. In 1801, there was a conflict among the Marathas over Peshwaship. Peshwa Baji Rao II entered Subsidiary Alliance with the British and got the British protection against Jaswant Rao Holkar.
2. The British troops drove Holkar out. Peshwa Baji Rao signed a treaty with the British. It was opposed by Maratha Chieftains-the Sindia and the Bhosale. This resulted in the Second Anglo-Maratha war in 1803 which contined for two years. Consequences:
3. The Maratha chiefs were defeated by the well-euipped and disciplined British army. The Bhosales and Sindia’s were forced to sign treates with the British and hand over large territories.
Question 10.
Give a brief description of all the three Anglo-Maratha wars.
Answer:
The British waged a series of wars against the Marathas in order to crush their power:
1. In the first war there was no clear victor. Hence, it ended in 1782 with the Treaty of Salbai.
2. The Second Anglo-Maratha war began in 1803 and ended in 1805. This war was fought on different fronts but the Maratha chiefs failed to unify and were finally defeated by the well euipped and disciplined British army.
3. The Third Anglo-Maratha war of 1817-19 crushed Maratha power. The British abolished the position of Peshwa and Marathas were limited to the small kingdom of Salara.
Question 11.
Who made the Triple Alliance against Hyder Ali in 1767 and why? What was its ultimate result? (DAV Board 2013)
Answer:
In 1767, the Nizam, the Marathas and the English made a Triple Alliance against Hyder Ali of Mysore as they were jealous of his increasing power.
Result: Hyder Ali beat English at their own game by making peace with the Marathas and bring the Nizam with territorial gains. He attacked Arcot. The British were shocked as they incurred heavy losses. They had to sign a treaty of peace and mutual help with Hyder Ali.
Question 12.
Describe any three significant events that took place during the third and fourth Anglo-Mysore War. (DAV Board)
Answer:
Refer to Additional Q. D-l.
Question 13.
Explain any three important features of the ‘Doctrine of Lapse’. (DAV Board)
Answer:
1. The Doctrine of Lapse was a policy introduced by Governor-General Lord Dalhousie in the process of annexation of Indian states.
2. The doctrine declared that if any ruler died without leaving behind a natural heir to the throne, his kingdom would automatically become a part of the British territoiy.
3. Several Kingdoms such as Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854) became part of Company territoiy.
D. Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Prepare a time-chart of four Anglo-Mysore wars marking the important events.
Answer:
| Anglo-Mysore Wars | Period | Important Events |
| 1. First Anglo- Mysore War | 1767-69 | Hyder Ali won. The British had to sign a treaty of peace and mutual help with Hyder Ali. |
| 2. Second Anglo-Mysore War | 1780-84 | The battle concluded after the Treaty of Mangalore in 1784 when both the parties divided to restore each other’s conquered territories and set the prisoners free. |
| 3. Third Anglo- Mysore War | 1790-92 | The British laid siege on Srirangapattnam. Tipu was forced to sign the Treaty of Srirangapattnam in 1972. Mysore had to hand over half of its territory to the British along with Tipu’s two sons as war hostages. |
| 4. Fourth Anglo- Mysore War | 1799 | Tipu Sultan was killed defending his capital Srirangapattnam. |
Question 2.
What were the two basic reasons of the British and Maratha conflict between 1775 to 1818? Give examples in support of your answer.
Answer:
The internal problems of the Marathas and the growing ambition of the English were the two basic reasons of the British and Maratha conflict during the period between 1775 to 1818.
Examples:
1. The British wanted to sign an alliance with aspiring Peshwa, Raghunath Rao against Madhav Rao II. The Maratha chieftains backed Madhav Rao. The British provided 2,500 men to Raghunath. He gave Salsettee and Bassein to the English along with a part of revenue from Broach and Surat districts.
2. In 1801, there was a conflict among the Marathas over Peshwaship. Peshwa Baji Rao II entered the Subsidiary Alliance with the British and got the British protection against Jaswant Rao Holkar. The British troops drove Holkar out. Peshwa Baji Rao signed a treaty with the British which was opposed by Maratha chieftains. This resulted in the second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803.
Question 3.
Name the two warring countries who fought the Carnatic Wars. How did the third Carnatic War end the dreams of the French East India Company?
Answer:
The two warring countries who fought the Carnatic wars were the English and the French.
- The third Carnatic war started when the British forces captured the French settlement of Chandemagore and defeated the French. They also captured Pondicherry.
- The war was concluded with a treaty. The British returned Pondicherry to France.
- The French East India Company was dissolved in 1770. The French’s ambitions of establishing an empire in India ended and the British supremacy was firmly established.
Question 4.
Mention the important events of the first Carnatic War of 1746-48.
Answer:
The first Carnatic Wars were a series of battles fought between the English and the French for the control of the trading posts of India, during the years 1746 to 1763.
Important events of the first Carnatic War:
1. The headquarters of the French trading company were in Pondicherry and that of the English at Madras. The trouble erupted between the two countries at Arcot, the Capital of Carnatic, situated between Pondicherry and Madras.
2. The French military power attacked Fort St. George in Madras under the leadership of General Dupleix. The French supported Chanda Sahib, the son-in-law of Nizam of Hyderabad, as the new Nawab and the English were in favour of Muhammad Ali who was the son of Nawab of Carnatic.
3. A war broke out between the two countries in which the French were defeated.
4. The British built up small army units at the presidency settlements at Fort William in Bengal, Fort George in Madras and the Bombay Castle by recruiting Indian soldiers.
Question 5.
Give an account of the Battle of Plassey.
Answer:
1. The East India Company was very keen to have a puppet ruler in Bengal in place of Siraj-ud- Daulah, so that it might enjoy trade concessions and other privileges.
2. It began to help one of Siraj- ud-Daulah’s rivals become the Nawab. This infuriated Siraj-ud- Daulah. In the meantime the British started extending the fortification of Calcutta. Siraj-ud-Daulah marched to Calcutta to establish control over it.
3. As soon as the Company’s officials in Madras heard the news of the fall of Calcutta, they sent forces under the command of Robert Clive, reinforced by naval fleets.
4. Prolonged negotiations with the Nawab followed but no concrete solution came out. Finally, in 1757, Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey.
5. Mir Jafar, one of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s commanders, betrayed the Nawab.
He bribed Indian soldiers to throw away their weapons. As a result, Clive won the battle. Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal.
The victory of the company in the battle of Plassey gave it immense confidence. It was the first major victory of the company in India.