These DAV Class 8 SST Book Solutions and DAV Class 8 SST Chapter 6 Question Answer – Manufacturing Industries are thoughtfully prepared by experienced teachers.
DAV Class 8 SST Ch 6 Question Answer – Manufacturing Industries
DAV Class 8 SST Ch 6 Solutions – Manufacturing Industries
Something to Know
A. Tick (✓) the correct option.
Question 1.
The largest industry of India in terms of employment is-
(a) cotton textile
(b) automobile
(c) iron and steel
(d) information technology
Answer:
(d) information technology
Question 2.
Which one of the following industries helps in the manufacturing of electronic goods?
(a) iron and steel
(b) aluminium
(c) chemical
(d) information technology
Answer:
(b) aluminium
Question 3.
Jamshedpur is known for which type of activities?
(a) cultural
(b) administrative
(c) educational
(d) industrial
Answer:
(d) industrial
Question 4.
Which industry is known as the backbone of modern citilisation?
(a) beverage indusry
(b) textile industry
(c) cement industry
(d) iron and steel industry
Answer:
(d) iron and steel industry
Question 5.
The first modem Iron and Steel Company to be established in India was-
(a) TISCO
(b) IISCO
(c) Rourkela Steel Plant
(d) Bokaro Steel Plant
Answer:
(a) TISCO
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. The conversion of raw material into more useful products with the help of machines is defined as ________ .
Answer:
manufacturing
2. On the basis of ________ , manufacturing industry is classified into cottage industry, ________ scale industry and large scale industry.
Answer:
size; small
3. Industry whose finished products are used as raw material is called as ________ industry.
Answer:
basic
4. Clustering of industries in a particular area is defined as ________ region.
Answer:
industrial
5. Semi-conductor chips in a computer which ________ . ________ and information.
Answer:
process, store, dessiminate
C. Write True or False for the following statements.
1. Manufacturing industries add value to the commodity.
Answer:
True
2. Bhalai Steel Plant is located in Madhya Pradesh in India.
Answer:
False
3. Chotanagpur plateau region has large concentration of iron and steel industries.
Answer:
True
4. An industrial labourer earns more than an agricultural labour does.
Answer:
True
5. The raw materials for the iron and steel industry are iron ore coking coal and limestone.
Answer:
True
D. Answer the following questions in brief.
Question 1.
How can we measure the economic development of any country? Explain.
Answer:
We can measure the economic development of any country with the number of industries located there.
Question 2.
What are the basis on which the industries can be classified? Give at least two examples for each.
Answer:
The industries can be classified on the basis of their size, nature of finished products, sources of raw material and their ownership. For example,
Size- small scale, large scale, Nature of finished products- basic, computer
Source of raw material- Agro- based, Forest-based, Forest based Ownership- Public Sector, Private Sector.
Question 3.
State any three non-gerogrpahical factros that affect the location of an industry.
Answer:
Three non-geographical factors include capital, management and labour.
Question 4.
Name any five industrial regions of India.
Answer:
- Mumbai-Pune region
- Hugli region
- Bengaluru-Tamil Nadu region
- Chotanagpur region
- Vishakapatnam-Guntur region.
Question 5.
Differentiate between private sector and public sector.
Answer:
| Public Sector | Private Sector |
| When the ownership and management of an industry is in the hands of the government of its department, it is called public sector industry. | This type of industry is owned and managed by an individual, family or a corporate body. |
E. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
Why is cotton textile industry largely concentrated in Gujarat and Maharashtra? Explain any five reasons
Answer:
Cotton textile industries are largely concentrated in Gujarat and Maharashtra because of the following reasons:
- Availability of raw cotton
- Humid climate
- Proximity to market
- Developed means of transport including accessible port facilities
- Availability of cheap labour
Question 2.
State the factors which have helped in the development of IT industry in Bengaluru.
Answer:
The various factors which have helped in the development of IT industry in Bengaluru are given below:
- Availability of resource, cost and infrastructure.
- The city of Bengaluru is known for its mild climate throughout the year.
- The city was considered dust-free with low rents and low cost of living.
- The city has the largest and widest availability of skilled managers with work experience.
Question 3.
Explain with suitable examples how a basic industry is different from a consumer industry from a consumer industry. In your opinion, which one of the two should be given priority and why?
Answer:
A basic industry is the one whose finished products are used as raw material for other industries. For example, iron and steel industry produces steel which is used in the manufacturing of machine tools. Thus, iron and steel industry becomes a basic industry. Consumer goods industry is one which produces goods for direct use by consumers. For example, edible oil, tea, soap, bread, radio, etc.
The basic industry should be given priority because it provides industrial base for the manufacture of many other industrial products.
Question 4.
What is the importance of manufacturing industries for a nation like India? Explain.
Answer:
Industry converts raw material to a much useful finished product, and in this process, it performs multiple tasks. In short, the manufacturing process transforms natural resources into useful and saleable proucts. It also generates scope for employment and creases national earnings through local and foreign trade. An industrial labourer earns more wages than an agricultural labourer, thus, industries play an important role in making a country economically prosperous.
Question 5.
Why is the iron and steel industry considered basic to the industrial development of any country? Name any four major iron and steel plants of India and their location.
Answer:
The iron and steel industry provides industrial base for the manufacture of many other industrial products, and thus, is known as the basic industry. Iron ore occurs in abundance in many parts of the world. It is estimated than 65% machines and utensils are made a steel.
The iorn and steel industry is widely distributed in the world. In the USA, Alabama state, the Atlantic coast and the Great Lakes region are the main producers. In Europe, it is well distributed in France, Germany, Italy (Western Europe), UK and the Ural mountain region in Russia. China, India and Japan are other major producers of iron and steel in Asia.
Value Based Question
“Mark in India’ is devised to transform India into a global design and manufacturing hub. This initiative will give a boost to entrepreneurship in manufacturing sector to India GDP (Gross Domestic Product). It will also lead to an increase in manufacturing and exports.
An increase in investment in manufacturing will increase opportunities for the skilled labour force and this form a job market. The “Make in India’ operation is the vision of an economically strong India.
Question 1.
‘India needs both factories and farms’. Give arguments to support the statement.
Answer:
India needs both factories and farms because they move hand-in-hand. Development and competitiveness of manufacturing factories has helped farmers in increasing their production and made the production process veiy efficient. For example, the agro-industries have enhanced agriculture by raising its productivity. They depend on the latter for raw material and sell their products like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, pesticides, insecticides plastic and PVC pipes, agricultural machines and tools, etc. to the farmers.
Question 2.
What is your vision of an economically strong India?
Answer:
Manufacturing helps in transforming raw materials into finished goods as a large scale and thus helps in earning profit as finished goods are costlier than raw materials. The economic strength of India is measured by the development of manufacturing industries in it. Hence, an increase in investment in manufacturing will increase employment opportunities for the skilled labour force and this creates job opportunities. The ‘Make in India’ operation is the vision of an economically strong India into a global design and manufacturing hub.
Map Skill
Question 1.
On an outline political map of India, locate and label the states where the following iron and steel plants are situated.
(a) Bhilai Steel Plant
(b) Durgapur Steel Plant
(c) Bokaro Steel Plant
(d) Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO)
(e) Tata Iron and Steel Plant (TISCO)
(f) Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Works
(g) Rourkela Steel Plant
Answer:
Question 2.
On an outline political map of India, locate and label IT industry centres given below.
(a) Bengaluru
(b) Hyderabad
(c) Thiruvananthapuram
(d) Gandhinagar
(e) Jaipur
(f) Mohali
Answer:
Something to Do
Question 1.
Collect pictures of various products advertised in newspapers and magazines. Classify them according to the industry to which they belong. Display this on the display board in your Social Science lab.
Answer:
Do yourself.
Question 2.
Prepare a project on ‘Industrial pollution is a challenge to the maintenance of environment’.
Answer:
Do yourself.
DAV Class 8 Social Science Chapter 6 Question Answer – Manufacturing Industries
A. Tick (✓) the correct option.
Question 1.
In which of the following countries was the first modern mechanised textile industry developed? (DAV Board)
(a) China
(b) Britain
(c) India
(d) USA
Answer:
(b) Britain
Question 2.
Which one of the following does not come under the category of small scale industry?
(a) Ship-building
(b) Paper goods
(c) Leather products
(d) Furniture
Answer:
(a) Ship-building
Question 3.
Iron and steel industiy comes under the category of
(a) cottage industry
(b) small scale industry
(c) large scale industry
(d) consumer goods industry
Answer:
(c) large scale industry
Question 4.
Industries like tea, sugar and vegetable oil are examples of
(a) agro-based industries
(b) forest-based industries
(c) mineral-based industries
(d) animal-based industries
Answer:
(a) agro-based industries
Question 5.
Petrochemical industry is an example of
(a) animal-based industry
(b) forest-based industry
(c) agro-based industry
(d) mineral-based industry
Answer:
(d) mineral-based industry
Question 6.
Birla Mills at Delhi is a industry
(a) public sector
(b) joint sector
(c) private sector
(d) co-operative sector
Answer:
(c) private sector
Question 7.
The name of the place where TISCO began is.
(a) Kharkai
(b) Rourkela
(c) Calcutta
(d) Sakchi
Answer:
(d) Sakchi
Question 8.
Bhilai Steel Plant is located in
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
Answer:
(b) Chhattisgarh
Question 9.
The outcome of iron and steel industry is
(a) steel
(b) pig iron
(c) iron ore
(d) aluminium
Answer:
(a) steel
Question 10.
In early years, most of the cotton textile mills were located in Maharashtra and
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Gujarat
(d) West Bengal
Answer:
(b) Uttar Pradesh
Question 11.
Which industry is the base of all other industries?
(a) Cotton textile industry
(b) Leather industry
(c) Iron and steel industry
(d) IT industry
Answer:
(c) Iron and steel industry
Question 12.
Silicon Valley is located in
(a) Bengaluru
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Mumbai
(d) California
Answer:
(d) California
Question 13.
The city called the Menchester of India is
(a) Mumbai
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Bangaluru
(d) Madhya Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Ahmedabad
Question 14.
TISCO gets coal from
(a) Bokaro
(b) Singhbhum
(c) Jharia
(d) Jamadoba
Answer:
(c) Jharia
B. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How is industrial development viewed?
Answer:
Industrial development is viewed as a yardstick for measuring the economic development of a country.
Question 2.
What happens when a raw material is changed its form through processing? Give one example.
Answer:
When a raw material is changed its form through processing, its value and utility is increased. For instance the value of iron ore increases manifold when it is converted to steel.
Question 3.
Name the factors that determine the size of an industry.
Answer:
- Capital input
- Number of labourers employed
- Value of production.
Question 4.
How is iron and steel industry a basic industry? Write in brief.
Or
Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
Answer:
Iron and steel industry produces steel which is used in the manufacturing of machine tools. In this way, this industry performs the function of a basic industry.
Question 5.
What do you mean by consumer goods industry? Give two examples.
Answer:
The industry which produces goods for direct use by consumers is called consumer goods industry. Two examples are edible oil and bread.
Question 6.
Give two examples of public sector industry.
Answer:
- Bhilai Steel Plant
- Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL)
Question 7.
Give two examples of private sector industry.
Answer:
- Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) at Jamshedpur
- Reliance at Ahmedabad
Question 8.
Give two examples of joint sector industry.
Answer:
- Maruti Udyog Ltd
- Gujarat Alkalis
Question 9.
Give two examples of co-opertive sector industry.
Answer:
- Amul of Gujarat
- Lijjat papad of Maharashtra
Question 10.
Which industry is the backbone of modem civilisation?
Answer:
Iron and steel industry is the backbone of modem civilisation.
Question 11.
How many major integrated steel plants and minor steel plants are there in India?
Answer:
There are 10 major integrated steel plants and 180 minor steel plants in India.
Question 12.
What factors make peninsular India an ideal region for the concentration of large number of iron and steel industries?
Answer:
Presence of favourable factors, the availability of raw material, thermal power, cheap labour and proximity to the big markets make peninsular India an ideal region for the concentration of large number of iron and steel industries.
Question 13.
How can you say that the cotton textile is the largest industry in India?
Answer:
This industry gives employment to over 1.5 million persons, which means 20% of industrial labour is absorbed in this industry.
Question 14.
What is the source of water supply to the Ahmedabad centre of textile industry?
Answer:
Ahmedabad centre of textile industry gets water from the Sabarmati river.
Question 15.
Why is Ahmedabad called the Menchester of India?
Answer:
Ahmedabad is called the Manchester of India because of the concentration of a large number of cotton textile mills.
Question 16.
When was the IT industry established in India?
Answer:
In India, the IT industry was established around 1984 through the development of digital micro electronic devices.
Question 17.
How many people are employed in the IT industry in India?
Answer:
About 10 million people are employed in the IT industry in India.
Question 18.
Where did software production first start in India?
Answer:
In India software production first started in and around Bengaluru.
Question 19.
Why is Bengaluru called The Silicon Valley’ of India?
Answer:
Bengaluru is called The Silicon Valley’ of India because of the concentration of a number of computer hardware and software units. This city has recently emerged as one of the leading centres of information technology in the world.
Question 20.
What factors make Bengaluru an attractive location for the employment of multi-national software professionals?
Answer:
An ambient climate throughout the year, good infrastructure and communication network, besides a host of social and cultural amenities made Bengaluru an alterative location for the employment of multi¬national software professionals.
C. Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is the importance of manufacturing industries for the nation?
Answer:
Manufacturing industries play an important role in the development of a nation. Their importance can be assessed by the following facts:
(i) Industry not only converts a raw material into a much useful finished product but in this process, it performs multiple tasks.
(ii) The manufacturing process transforms natural resources into much useful and saleable products.
(iii) It also generates scope for employment and increases national earnings through local and foreign trade.
Question 2.
Name four major industrial regions of the world.
Answer:
(i) Eastern coast of North America
(ii) Western and Central Europe
(iii) Eastern Asia including China and Japan
(iv) Southern Asia including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore.
Question 3.
What is the importance of Information Technology in the present day world? Give two points.
Answer:
(i) Today, the Information Technology industry has become global. The availability of telephone, telegraph, radio, fax and computers has made the communication system very fast. These devices connect people all over the world and facilitate communication.
(ii) This has made exchange of information very fast and revolutionised the entire world. We can store information in computers and related electronic equipments and retrieve this in no time.
Question 4.
Mention the three features of cottage or household industries.
Answer:
(i) These industries are the smallest manufacturing units.
(ii) A craftsman such as a blacksmith manufactures the goods by locally available raw material.
(iii) He carries out the work at home where his family members join him in making the goods.
Question 5.
Write three characteristics of small scale industries.
Answer:
(i) In small scale industries, manufacturing is done by machines in addition to manpower.
(ii) It requires small machines driven by power, small amount of capital investment and less human labour,
(iii) The basic raw material is obtained from outside if not available in local market, and its finished products are sold in open market through traders.
Question 6.
These days several multi-national companies are setting their operations in India. Describe their advantage and disadvantage.
Answer:
Advantage:
(i) They bring large foreign investment better technology and produce standard quality products at low cost.
(ii) They generate large competition in the market.
Disadvantage: They can become a threat to the country’s own industry.
Question 7.
Give a comparative study of Pittsburgh (USA) and Jamshedpur (India) centres of Iron and Steel under the headings of-
(i) source of raw material (coal)
(ii) source of raw material (iron ore)
(iii) source of water supply.
Answer:
| Headings | Pittsburgh (USA) | Jamshedpur (India) |
| (i) Source of raw material (coal) | Pittsburg | Jharia coal fields |
| (ii) Source of raw material (iron or) | Minnesota (1,500 km away from Pittsburgh) | Chhattisgarh and Odisha |
| (iii) Source of water | Alleghery, Monogahella and Ohio rivers | Kharkai and Subernarekha rivers. |
Question 8.
What factors supported Jamshedpur for the ideal location of iron and steel plant?
Or
Explain any three geographical advantages enjoyed by Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO). (DAV Board)
Answer:
TISCO is located at Jamshedpur. It enjoys several geographical advantages:
(i) The city is surrounded by beautiful Dalma hills of the Chotanagpur plateau and Subernarekha and Kharkai rivers. These rivers provide abundant water supply to the plant for its various activities.
(ii) The areas surrounding Jamshedpur are rich in minerals, like cooking coal from Jharia and iron limestone and manganese from Jamadoba, Noamundi and West Bokaro.
(iii) It has its own thermal electricity plant and the region is served by good-rail network and is within the reach of Kolkata port.
Question 9.
Jamshedpur serves as a major industrial city. Explain.
Answer:
A large range of industries are located in Jamshedpur like truck manufacturing, tin plates, iron sheets, locomotives, rails wheels and sleepers for railways, besides manufacturing iron and steel on a large scale. It employs a large number of people and thus, generates wealth through manufacturing activities in the region.
Question 10.
Give a brief assessment of the development of IT industry in India.
Answer:
In India, the IT industry was established around 1984 through the development of digital micro¬electronic devices. This improved the telecommunication system in the country and in the last two decades it has grown tremendously. Now, India exports electronic goods worth millions.
This industry is growing so fast that it is providing employment to 10 million people. Several towns like Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Chennai, Gurugram (Gurgaon), Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune, etc. have become important centres of this industry. With the rapid development of IT industry, India has emerged as one of the leading players of IT sector in the world.
Question 11.
What position does Bengaluru enjoy in the IT arena?
Answer:
(i) The city of Bengaluru has recently emerged as one of the leading centres of information technology in the world. It is called the Silicon Valley of India which reflects its position in this high-tech global industry.
(ii) The software technology park in Bengaluru was started with a handful of companies in the year 1991, it grew to 183 registered units by 1998, and rose to over 200 units in the city by the year 2001. This cluster of units consists of small, medium and large companies including foreign firms.
(iii) A large pool of well-qualified and relatively low cost scientific and technical personnel, proficient in English, represent the ideal work force of Bengaluru which has made it competitive in global economy.
D. Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Name the important steel plants of India and also write against each, the name of the state in which it is located.
Answer:
| Name of steel plants of India | Name of states |
| 1. Tata Iron and Steel Company | Jharkhand |
| 2. India Iron and Steel Company | West Bengal |
| 3. Bhilai Iron and Steel Company | Chhattisgarh |
| 4. Rourkela Iron and Steel Company | Odisha |
| 5. Durgapur Iron and Steel Company | West Bengal |
| 6. Bokaro Iron and Steel Company | Jharkhand |
| 7. Bhadravati Iron and Steel Company | Karnataka |
| 8. Salem Iron and Steel Company | Tamil Nadu |
Question 2.
Name four categories of industries based on the source of raw material used in manufacturing. Support your answer with specific examples.
Answer:
Four categories of industries based on the source of raw material are:
1. Agro-based industry: The industries using agricultural products as their raw material are known as agro- based industries, for example, tea, sugar, cotton textile, vegetable oil, etc.
2. Forest-based industry: The industries which use forest products as their raw material are called forest-based industries, for example, paper, furniture, packing material, medicinal plants, etc.
3. Animal-based industry: These industries use animal products as raw material, for example, milk, egg, leather, fishery, etc.
4. Mineral-based industry: These industries are dependent on minerals as their raw material, for example, iron and steel, copper somelting, petrochemical, cement, etc.
Question 3.
Describe four categories of industries based on ownership. Also give examples.
Answer:
On the basis of ownership, industries are divided into four categories:
1. Public sector: Public sector industries are owned and managed by the government or its departments. The government establishes and runs these industrial units. Bhilai Steel Plant, Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. are some of the public sector industries.
2. Private sector: This type of industry is owned and managed by an individual, family or a corporate body. Individuals invest their own capital or capital raised through loans or public issues to establish these industries and they manage them as private enterprise. For example, Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) at Jamshedpur, Reliance at Ahmedabad, etc.
3. Joint Sector: It is owned and managed jointly by the government and private sector. Some examples of such industries are Maruti Udyog, Gujarat Alkalis, etc.
4. Co-operative sector: It is owned and managed by a group of people belonging to a co-operative society. For example, Amul of Gujarat, Lijjat Papad of Maharashtra, etc.
Question 4.
Ahmedabad is called the Manchester of India. Mention five factors that have helped this city to achieve this position.
Or
Mention five factors that favour large concentration of cotton textile mills in Ahmedabad.
Answer:
Ahmedabad is the second largest textile industrial centre after Mumbai. Five factors that have supported this city for an ideal location of cotton textile mills are:
1. The city is located on the bank of river Sabarmati in Gujarat.
2. It is situated in the heart of the cotton growing belt and has warm and humid climate which is favourable for spinning and wearing.
3. It has large domestic market and both skilled and unskilled labour is readily available.
4. The proximity of nearby Kandla Seaport favours large concentration of textile mills in and around the town.
5. Today, the city has over 60 mills noted for its superior quality cotton textile.