These DAV Class 7 Social Science Book Solutions and DAV Class 7 SST Chapter 15 Question Answer – The Mughal Empire are thoughtfully prepared by experienced teachers.
DAV Class 7 SST Ch 15 Question Answer – The Mughal Empire
DAV Class 7 SST Ch 15 Solutions – The Mughal Empire
Something To Know
A. Tick (✓) the correct option.
Question 1.
Humayun was defeated by
(a) Sher Shah Suri
(b) Rana Sanga
(c) Ibrahim Lodi
(d) The Mongols
Answer:
(a) Sher Shah Suri
Question 2.
Akbar’s religious discussions took place at the
(a) Royal Palace
(b) Diwan-i-Khas
(c) Mosque
(d) Ibadat Khona
Answer:
(d) Ibadat Khona
Question 3.
In which language did Babur write his autobiography Tuzuk-i-Baburi?
(a) Arabic
(b) Urdu
(c) Turkish
(d) Persian
Answer:
(c) Turkish
Question 4.
Akbar ascended the throne at the age of
(a) fourteen
(b) thirteen
(c) twelve
(d) eleven
Answer:
(a) fourteen
Question 5.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Shivaji fought against Jahangir.
(b) Humayun was defeated by Rana Sanga.
(c) Mughal empire was founded by Babur.
(d) Aurangzeb conuered Bijapur and Golconda.
Answer:
(d) Aurangzeb conuered Bijapur and Golconda.
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. …………….. was Akbar’s guardian.
2. ‘Peacock’ throne was made for …………….
3. ………….. assumed the title of Alamgir’.
4. …………… was the last Mughal emperor.
5. The mansabdars were responsible for both ………….. and ………….. administration.
Answer:
1. Humayun
2. Shah Jahan,
3. Alamgir
4. Bahadur Shah Zafar
5. civil; military
C. Write True or False for the following statements.
1. The Battle of Chausa was fought between Babur and Sher Shah Suri.
2. Jahangir discontinued the administrative system that was introduced by his father.
3. Din-i-Ilahi was a socio-religious path started by Akbar.
4. Humayun feel from the stairs of his library and died.
5. Shah Jahan gave patronage to scholars, artisans and craftsmen.
Answer:
1.True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
D. Answer the following questions in brief.
Question 1.
What was Din-i-Ilahi and who started it?
Answer:
Din-bllahi was started by Akbar in 1582. It was based on the fundamental ideas of all religions. It was actually a socio religious path to bridge the difference among different communities. It shows that Akbar was tolerant towards other religions.
Question 2.
Why is Shah Jahan known as an ‘Engineer King’?
Answer:
Architecture made tremendous growth under Shah Jahan. He increased the magnificence of the court. He built the peacock throne, the Taj Mahal at Agra, the Red fort and Jama Masjid in Delhi, and numerous other works of art and architecture which show how talented he was in this field. He is rightly called the Engineer King.
Question 3.
What was the political condition of India before Babur’s invasion?
Answer:
India was divided into numerous small states. These small kingdoms were always engaged in war with one another. In such a state of disunity, they could not stand up to any foreign aggression. Delhi had lost its glory under Ibrahim Lodi. Its personal officials opposed him and invited Babur to invade India. The situation in Punjab, Gujarat, Bengal, Malwa, Rajputana, Kashmir, etc. was quite bad. There was widespread lawlessness and disorder. The local rulers were unpopular among the masses.
Question 4.
State the main features of Jahangir’s rule.
Answer:
The important features of Jahangir’s rule are given below –
(a) Jahangir was very much interested in the well-being of his people. He set up a ‘chain of justice’ having sixty bells attached to it. Anyone who wanted justice could ring the bell and speak directly to the emperor.
(b) Jahangir also issued ‘Twelve Ordinances’ for better governance of the country.
Question 5.
Briefly explain the ‘mansabdari system’.
Answer:
Akbar started this system. It was based on rank or position in the official hierarchy. The mansabdars were responsible for both civil and military administration.
E. Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
Mention the difficulties faced by Humayun after coming to the throne.
Answer:
Humayun faced innumerable difficulties to retain the Mughal empire in India. Babur had gifted separate provinces to his other three sons. The army was a combination of people from different countries and language groups. Humayun had believed in the supreme authority of the king. A strong army and efficient ministers assisted the emperor.
The whole empire was divided into Subas (provinces) which were governed by Subedars (governors). The diwan was the collector of land revenue. The kotwal looked after the law and order in the city. Akbar introduced the Mansabdari system based on rank or position in the official hierarchy. The mansabdars were responsible for both civil and military administration.
Question 5.
List any five factors responsible for the decline of the Mughal empire.
Answer:
- The Mughals did not have any rule of succession and hence, the death of each ruler resulted in bloody wars and conspiracies of nobles.
- Weak and inefficient successors of Aurangzeb provided an open invitation for internal rebels and foreign invasions.
- Corrupt officials and heavy burden of land revenue resulted in revolts by peasants leading to low tax collection.
- The nobles/mansabdars gradually became more powerful than the central authority. They started establishing independent states like Hyderabad, Awadh, Bengal, etc.
- The Europeans were the rising power in the world at that time and they gradually took over the internal administration, trade and territories of Mughal empire to strengthen their rule.
Value-Based Question
A Christian missionary, Father Pierre du Jarrie remarked about Akbar, ‘Indeed he was a great king for he knew that a good ruler is one who can command simultaneously, earn the obedience, respect, love and faith of his subjects. He himself lived in the fear of God, to whom he never failed to pray four times daily. Towards his fellowmen he was kind and forbearing, averse to taking life and quick to show mercy.’ Out of the human values which made Akbar very popular, select any two which may enrich our life as human beings. Justify your choice.
Answer:
Do yourself.
Map Skill
On an outline map of India, locate and mark the following –
(a) A famous battlefield where the Mughals defeated Hemu.
(b) The place where Taj Mahal was built
(c) Capital of the Mughals.
(d) Any two places conquered by Akbar.
(e) The extent of Akbar’s empire.
Answer:
(a) Panipat
(b) Agra
(c) Agra
(d) Gondwana, Sind
(e) The extent of Akbar’s empire is given in map.
Something To Do
Question 1.
Make a collage of the Mughal architectural delights.
Answer:
Do yourself.
Question 2.
Become a journalist. Prepare a two-page newspaper The Mughal Times stating the important events that took place during the Mughal era under suitable headings.
Answer:
Do yourself.
Question 3.
Who am I? Identify:
(a) I was the great-grandson of Timur and a descendant of Turkish ruler Genghis Khan.
Answer:
Muhammad-bin-Jahangir.
(b) I defeated my son Khusrau at the Battle of Bhairowal.
Answer:
Jahangir.
(c) I re-established the Mughal empire after a gap of fifteen years.
Answer:
Humayun.
(d) Due to my short-sighted policies, the vast Mughal empire went out of my grip.
Answer:
Aurangzeb.
(e) My son imprisoned me and I died in captivity in 1666.
Answer:
Shah Jahan.
DAV Class 7 Social Science Chapter 15 Question Answer – The Mughal Empire
A. Tick (✓) the correct option.
Question 1.
Who proved to be the real glory of the Mughal empire?
(a) Babur
(b) Humayun
(c) Akbar
(d) Jahangir
Answer:
(c) Akbar
Question 2.
After Babur became the ruler of Kabul, he conquered
(a) Ghazori
(b) Samarkand
(c) Both (a) and
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 3.
Babur defeated one of the following Rajput kings at the battle of Khanwa.
(a) Rana Sanga
(b) Rana Kumbha
(c) Prithviraj Chauhan
(d) Maharana Pratap
Answer:
(a) Rana Sanga
Question 4.
After being forced to leave India, Humayun took refuge in
(a) Afghanistan
(b) Iran
(c) Burma
(d) Turkey
Answer:
(b) Iran
Question 5.
Sher Shah was an
(a) Afghan
(b) Turk
(c) Rajput
(d) Mangol
Answer:
(a) Afghan
Question 6.
Jahangir was the son of
(a) Humayun
(b) Akbar
(c) Shah Jahan
(d) Aurangzeb
Answer:
(b) Akbar
Question 7.
Jahangir ascended the throne in
(a) 1582
(b) 1601
(c) 1605
(d) 1707
Answer:
(c) 1605
Question 8.
Jahangir had a keen interest in
(a) gardens
(b) painting
(c) architecture
(d) all of these
Answer:
(d) all of these
Question 9.
Shah Jahan appointed Aurangzeb as the governor of
(a) Awadh
(b) Hyderabad
(c) Deccan
(d) Golconda
Answer:
(c) Deccan
Question 10.
Which Sikh Guru fought the Mughals till Aurangzeb’s death?
(a) Guru Teg Bahadur
(b) GurArjundev
(c) Guru Nanak
(d) Guru Govind Singh
Answer:
(d) Guru Govind Singh
Question 11.
Which of the following Mughal emperor was not tolerant towards other religions?
(a) Shah Jahan
(b) Aurangzeb
(c) Jahangir
(d) Akbar
Answer:
(b) Aurangzeb
B. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Who was Babur? Mention his two qualities.
Answer:
Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur established the Mughal Empire in India. He was the great-grandson of Timur and a descendant of Turkish ruler Genghis Khan.
His two qualities were –
(a) He was a great military commander,
(b) He was skilled swordman.
Question 2.
Name the book written by Babur. What is it about?
Answer:
The name of the book is Tuzuk-i- Baburi. It is about the important events of Babur’s life.
Question 3.
Who defeated Humayun and where?
Answer:
Sher Shah Suri, an Afghan, defeated Humayun at Chausa and Kanauj.
Question 4.
How was Sikander Suri a weak successor of Sher Shah Suri?
Answer:
Taking advantage of his inefficiency, Humayun restored the Mughal empire in India once again.
Question 5.
Who is known as the forerunner of Akbar?
Answer:
Sher Shah Suri.
Question 6.
What is the full name of Akbar? At which age did he ascend the throne of the Mughal empire?
Answer:
Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. He ascended the throne of the Mughal empire at the age of fourteen.
Question 7.
What made Bairam Khan enjoy a position of respect and power?
Answer:
The Mughals in the leadership of Bairam Khan, defeated Hemu in the second Battle of Panipat and took back Agra and Delhi. This made Bairam Khan enjoy a position of respect and power.
Question 8.
What do you mean by Ibadat-Khana? Why did Akbar build it?
Answer:
Ibadat-Khana meant the hall of worship. Akbar built it at Fatehpur Sikri where religious discussions were held every Friday evening.
Question 9.
When did Akbar die? Where was his dead body buried?
Answer:
Akbar died in 1605. His dead body was buried as Sikandara.
Question 10.
Akbar’s son Muhammad Sultan Salim assumed the name Jahangir. What does it mean?
Answer:
Holder of the world.
Question 11.
Who did Jahangir marry?
Answer:
Jahangir married Nur Jahan i.e., light of the world.
Question 12.
Mention one achievement of Jahangir which Akbar had failed.
Answer:
Jahangir was able to conquer the fort of Kangra where even Akbar had not succeeded.
Question 13.
Who was Shivaji?
Answer:
Shivaji was a great warrior of the Marathas.
Question 14.
Who was the last Mughal emperor? What happened to him?
Answer:
The last Mughal emperor was Bahadur Shah Zafar II. He had to face a trial by the East India Company for leading the mutiny of 1857. He was convicted and sent to Rangoon.
Question 15.
What was the state land known as?
Answer:
Khalisa.
Question 16.
Name the parts of the world where Indian goods were exported during the Mughal rule.
Answer:
Different parts of Asia, Africa and Europe.
Question 17.
Name any two Mughal emperors who were tolerant towards other religions.
Answer:
Akbar and Jahangir.
Question 18.
How did Babur become the ruler of Hindustan?
Answer:
Babur became the ruler of Hindustan by defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat in 1526 CE.
Question 19.
Who wrote Tuzuki-i-Jahangin?
Answer:
Jahangir.
Question 20.
Name the garden built by Jahangir.
Answer:
Shalimar Bagh.
C. Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How can you say that the Mughal empire achieved great prosperity during the reign of Shah Jahan?
Answer:
- Shah Jahan was an intelligent ruler and his ministers were all efficient and able.
- He was an orthodox Muslim, no doubt, but was fair to non-Muslims.
- Architecture made great progress during his reign. The peacock throne, the Taj Mahal, the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, etc. were all built by Shah Jahan. These works of art and architecture prove that there was prosperity in his empire.
- Poetry, music, painting, dance, astronomy, mathematics and machine flourished under his reign.
Question 2.
Why did Jahangir install ‘Chain of Justice’?
Or
Write in brief about Jahangir’s ‘Chain of Justice’.
Answer:
Jahangir was famous for his justice. He followed the path shown by his father, Akbar and took great interest in the well-being of his people. He set up a ‘Chain of Justice’ outside his palace. It had sixty bells attached to it. One end was attached to the fort of Agra and the other to a stone column on the bank of river Jamuna. Anyone who had a complaint against a public official or any other problem could pull the end to draw the attention of the emperor and speak directly to him.
Question 3.
Who was Sher Shah Suri? Narrate the important features of his rule.
Answer:
Sher Shah Suri was an Afghan. He was given the title ‘Sherkhan’ by the ruler of Bihar. He brought Bihar and Bengal under his control and defeated Humayun at Chausa. He took the title of Sher Shah and established an efficient administration in India under amiss in provinces. The important features of his rule are given below.
Question 4.
List the steps taken up by Babur to consolidate his empire after becoming the ruler of Hindustan.
Answer:
The steps taken by Babur to consolidate his empire.
- He distributed his wealth generously to buy the confidence of the public and Afghan generously to buy the confidence.
- He took to task of defeating the Rajputs. The two sides met at a fierce battle of Khanoa, where Rana Sanga was defeated.
Question 5.
Describe the extent of the Mughal empire during Akbar’s period.
Answer:
Under Akbar, the Mughal empire stretched from Kashmir in the north to Godavari river in the south and from Afghanistan in the west to Bengal in the east. Akbar also conquered Gondwana, Chittor, Ranthambhor, Bihar, Bengal, Kabul, Kashmir, Deccan and Gujarat.
D. Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
“The Mughal emperors spent their treasures more on art and architecture and less on improving the condition of the people.” Comment.
Answer:
Most of the Mughal emperors were very fond of art and architecture. They built fine specimens of architecture. Akbar built the famous Humayun Tomb in Delhi, Fatehpur Sikri and Buland Darwaza near Agra. Jahangir laid beautiful garden like Shalimar Bagh. Shah Jahan excelled them all. He built Red Fort, Jama Masjid and the world famous Taj Mahal.
He is rightly known as an Engineer King. The construction of all the buildings and monuments needed much money. The Mughal emperors got it from the royal treasury without thinking about the welfare of their subjects. If they had spent that money on improving the codition of the people, it would have been more praiseworthy for them.
Question 2.
Write about the social and economic life of the people under the Mughal rule.
Answer:
Social life:
- The society was divided into two levels the nobility and the high officials formed the upper class and the lower class was involved in agricultural and other lovely jobs in the cities.
- The life of the upper class was full of comforts whereas those belonging to the lower class led a miserable life.
Economic life:
- The main source of state income was from the land revenue which was fixed at 1/3 rd of the produce.
- Trade was well developed and Indian goods were exported to different parts of Asia, Africa and Europe.
- Many foreign companies like the Portugues, Dutch and the English were involved in trade.
Question 3.
Give an account of the religion followed during the Mughal rule.
Or
Describe the religious policy of the Mughal emperors.
Answer:
- The Mughal rulers followed Islam. But Akbar had open mind on religious matters. He adopted a policy of religious tolerance towards other religions to build a strong empire in India. It aimed at harmony among different religions. He set up Ibadat Khana which was open to believers of different religions like Jains, Hindus, Zoroastrions, Christains etc.
- Jahangir followed Akbar and remained tolerant towards other religions throughout his life.
- Shah Jahan also gave due respect to all religions.
- Aurangzeb was just the opposite of his forefathers. He was an orthodox Muslim and opposed other religions. He forced the Hindus to adopt Islam. He imposed Jazia on Hindu.
Question 4.
Describe the Mughal rule under Aurangzeb.
Answer:
Aurangzeb was a Muslim fanatic and opposed religious tolerance. His reign lasted for almost fifty years. All these years witnessed revolts which kept on emerging one after another, making the emperor’s life tense every time.
(a) The revolts of Rajputs proved very harmful for him.
(b) The Marathas had become very powerful under Shivaji. Aurangzeb sent Shaizta Khan, the governor of Bengal to fight against Shivaji, but Shaizta Khan was defeated. Aurangzeb then invited Shvaji to Agra for talks, where he was imprisoned. But Shivaji escaped from the prison
(c) The Marathas, the Jats and the Sikhs never allowed Aurangzeb to rest in peace. He killed Guru Teg Bahadur. His son, Guru Goving Singh fought the Mughals till Aurangzeb’s death.
(d) Aurangzeb conqured Bijapur and Golconda in Deccan. But due to his short-sighted policies, his vast empire went out of his grip. As a result, many independent kingdoms emerged.
Question 5.
How far was the religious policy of Aurangzeb responsible for the end of Mughal power in India?
Answer:
Aurangzeb was an orthodox Muslim and opposed religious tolerance. He was deeply religious and followed a very simple life. But he became extremely unpopular when he introduced ‘Jazia’ which the non- Muslims had to pay. People reacted strongly against this discrimination which was based on religious ground. He also abolished the inland duties and octroi to please his subjects. He discontinued the practice of inscribing the Kalmia on the coins and abolished the New Year celebration.
His religious intolerance turned the Rajputs against him. These Rajputs had always supported the Mughal empire. But now they got disheartened and became hostile to the empire. The same was the condition of the Sikhs and the Marathas. In the light of the above points we can say that Aurangzeb’s religious policy caused the downfall of the vast Mughal empire.
Question 6.
Write an account of literature, art and architecture of the Mughal period.
Answer:
The Mughal rulers were great patrons of literature, art and architecture.
Literature –
We get information about the literature of that period through Babamama, Akbamama and Ain- i-Akbari. Akbar had great scholars namely Abul Fazl and Faizi. Abul Fazl wrote Akbamama which is biography of Akbar. Ain-i-Akbari is a part of Akbamama. All great works of Sanskrit was translated in Arabic like Rajatarangiani, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas etc. Jahangir was a scholar of persian language. He wrote Tuzuki-i-Jahangir. Shah Jahan patronised famous writers of that time.
Art and Architecture –
The Indian style of music greatly flourished in the Mughal rule. Tansen was the famous court musician of Akbar. Poetry was very popular and was based on a variety of themes. The paintings of the Mughal period were a synthesis of Indian and persion schools of art. Jahangir was great patron of painters. He himself was a famous painter.
Architecture that flourished in the Mughal period was unique. Akbar built the famous Humayun Tomb in Delhi, Fatehpur Sikri and Buland Darwaza near Agra. Jahangir laid beautiful gardens like Shalimar Bagh. But Shah Jahan was the greatest builder among the Mughal rules. He is known as an engineer emperor because during his reign architecture reached to its zenith. He built the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, and the world famous, the Taj Mahal.