Temperature and its Measurement:
Temperature of a body is the degree of hotness or coldness of the body. Highest possible temperature achieved in laboratory is about 108K, while lowest possible temperature attained is 10-8 K. Temperature is measured with a thermometer.
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Temperature and its Measurement in Physics – Thermometry and Calorimetry
Branch of Physics dealing with production and measurement of temperature close to 0 K is known as cryagenics, while that dealing with the measurement of very high temperature is called pyrometry.
Temperature of the core of the sun is 107 K while that of its surface is 6000 K.
NTP or STP implies 273.15 K (0°C = 32°F).
Different Scales of Temperature and Their Relationship
(i) Celsius Scale:
In this scale of temperature, the melting point of ice is taken as 0°C and the boiling point of water as 100°C and the space between these two points is divided into 100 equal parts.
(ii) Fahrenheit Scale:
In this scale of temperature, the melting point of ice is taken as 32°F and the boiling point of water as 212°F and the space between these two points is divided into 180 equal parts.
(iii) Kelvin Scale:
In this scale of temperature, the melting point of ice is taken as 273 K and the boiling point of water as 373 K and the space between these two points is divided into 100 equal parts.
(iv) Reaumer Scale:
In this scale of temperature, the melting point of ice is taken as 0°R and the boiling point of water as 80°R and the space between these two points is divided into 80 equal parts.
The Relation Between Different Scales of Temperatures
\(\frac{C}{100}=\frac{F-32}{180}=\frac{K-273}{100}=\frac{R}{80}\)
Absolute Temperature Means:
There is no limit for maximum temperature but there is a sharp point for minimum temperature that nobody can have the temperature lower than this minimum value of temperature, which is known as absolute temperature.
Thermometry and Calorimetry:
The thermometer is a device used to check the temperature of an object. This branch of measurement of the temperature of a substance is called thermometry. It is measured in degrees or Fahrenheit, usually.
Calorimetry also means the measurement of heat but in joules. It states the amount of heat lost by the body is the amount of heat gained by its surrounding.