These DAV Class 8 SST Notes and DAV Class 8 SST Chapter 6 Notes – Manufacturing Industries hold significant importance as study material for students.
Manufacturing Industries Class 8 DAV Notes
→ Industries play an important role in making a country economically prosperous.
→ Manufacturing industries are classified into various groups on the basis of their size, nature of finished products, sources of raw material and their ownership.
→ On the basis of size, industries are classified into cottage or household, small scale and large scale industries.
→ Cottage or household industries are the smallest manufacturing units and are carried on by potters, blacksmiths, weavers and craftsmen, etc.
→ Small scale industry is an extended form of a cottage industry. The manufacturing is done by machines in addition to manpower.
→ Large scale industry uses heavy machinery which is driven by power. It requires a voide variety of raw materials, large scale investment and workforce to manufacture the final products.
→ On the basis of finished products, industries are grouped into basic industries and consumer goods industries. Iron and steel industry is a basic industry.
→ On the basis of source of raw material, industries are grouped into agro-based, forest-based, animal-based and mineral-based industries.
→ On the basis of ownership, industries are divided into public sector, private sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.
→ Public sector industries are owned and managed by the government or its departments while private sector industries are owned and managed by individuals or corporate bodies.
→ The location of an industry depends on those factors which have a bearing on both its efficient running and profitability.
→ Factors affecting the location of an industry are classified into geographical and non- geographical factors.
→ Geographical factors include land, climate, availability of raw materials, means of power in order to reach the market and also the sources where raw materials are available.
→ Non-geographical factors include government policies, capital, management, banking, labour and developed means of transport and insurance. Personal preferences of the owners of the industry is also an important non-geographical factor.
→ There are four industrial regions in the world – Eastern coast of North America, Western and Central Europe, Eastern Asia including China and Japan and Southern Asia including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore.
→ In India, there are altogether eight industrial regions – Mumbai-Pune region, Hugli region, Bengaluru-Chennai region. Ahmedabad-Vadodara-Surat region, Chotanagpur region, Gurugram- Delhi-Meerut region, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur region and Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram region.
→ Some major industries of the world include iron and steel industry, cotton-textile industry and information technology.
→ Iron and steel industry is the backbone of modern civilisation. It provides industrial base for the manufacture of many other industrial products.
→ Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) is established in Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), India. It serves as a major industrial city with a large range of industries located here.
→ The textile manufacturing is one of the oldest, diverse and most widespread industries in the world.
→ The modern mechanised textile industry was first developed in Britain. Later, it was spread to China, Europe, India, Korea, Thailand, the USA and the rest part of the world.
→ India has a very ancient tradition of producing cotton textiles. Today, it is the largest industry in India. Some of the important centres in India are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, etc.
→ Ahmehabad is called the Manchester of India.
→ Information technology sector deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information. The major hubs of IT industry are Silicon Valley in the USA and Bengaluru in India.
→ Manufacturing: The term refers to the conversion of raw material into more useful and valuable commodity with the help of machines or tools.
→ Industry: It refers to the economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or provision of services,
→ Product: A product is something obtained from raw materials by certain processes so that oil is something usable and of importance.
→ Cottage industry: In cottage industry, a craftsman manufactures the goods by using locally available raw material.
→ Small-scale industry: Industries that run on little capital and infrastructure.
→ Large-scale industry: Industries that run on large amount of capital and have a big infrastructure.
→ Basic industry: The industry whose finished products are used as raw materials for other industries.
→ Agro-based industry: Industries using agricultural products as their raw material.
→ Public sector industry: Industries that are owned and run by the government.
→ Private sector industry: Industries that are owned and run by individuals or a corporate body.
→ Co-operative sector industry: Industries that are owned and managed by a group of people belonging to a co-operative society.
→ Information technology industry: This industry deals in storage, processing and distribution of information.
→ Semi-conductor: A solid-state device which regulates the flow of electricity, boosts and amplifies the electrical signals received.
→ Fiscal incentive: tax measures offered to encourage industrial development.
→ Infrastructure: the basic systems and services that a society or an organisation uses in order to work effectively.
→ Management: the process of dealing with or controlling things or people in order to achieve defined.
→ Multi-national company: an enterprise operating in several countries but managed from one (home) country.
→ Technology: the application of scientific in the design and production of machinery and devices, especially in industry.