Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Grammar Transformation of Sentences
♦ Transformation of Sentences (Text Book Page No.: 200-201)
Sentence clause structure commonly known as sentence composition is the classification of sentences based on the number and kind of clauses.
A simple sentence consists of only one clause. A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses. A complex sentence has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause.
A simple sentence structure contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses.
- I run
This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, I, and one verb, run.
- The girl ran into her bedroom.
This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, girl, and one predicate ran into her bedroom. The predicate is a verb phrase that consists of more than one word.
- In the backyard, the dog barked and howled at the cat.
This simple sentence has one independent clause which contains one subject, dog, and one predicate, barked and howled at the cat. This predicate has two verbs, known as a compound predicate: barked and howled. This compound verb should not be confused with a compound sentence. In the backyard and at the cat are prepositional phrases.
A compound sentence is composed of at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause. The clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (with or without a comma), a semicolon that functions as a conjunction, a colon instead of a semicolon between two sentences when the second sentence explains or illustrates the first sentence and no coordinating conjunction is being used to connect the sentences, or a conjunctive adverb preceded by a semicolon. A conjunction can be used to make a compound sentence.
Conjunctions are words such as for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so. Examples:
- I started on time, but I arrived late.
- I will accept your offer or decline it
- The war was lost; consequently, the whole country was occupied.
A complex sentence has one or more dependent clauses (also called subordinate clauses). Since a dependent clause cannot stand on its own as a sentence, complex sentences must also have at least one independent clause. In short, a sentence with one or more dependent clauses and at least one independent clause is a complex sentence.
Eg.,
Nathan ate pancakes while he read the newspaper.
Whenever she sees a pretty sunset, Nathiya wants to visit the beach.
Because I was hungry, I ate seven idlies.
Exercises: Type – 1
Change the following complex sentences into simple sentences.
Question 1.
After he had learned his lessons, he went out to play.
Answer:
Having learned his lessons, he went out to play.
Question 2.
While I was walking along the Street, I saw a dead cobra.
Answer:
Walking along the street, I saw a dead cobra.
Question 3.
Although he was wealthy and educated, he never made a name.
Answer:
In spite of being wealthy and educated, he never made a name.
Question 4.
If you follow my advice, you will win your object.
Answer:
Following my advice, you will win your object.
Question 5.
As he was suffering from fever, he went to a hospital.
Answer:
Suffering from fever, he went to hospital.
Question 6.
A farmer who was wandering across the fields found the baby.
Answer:
A farmer, wandering across the fields, found the baby.
Exercises: Type – 2
Rewrite the following Simple Sentences as Compound Sentences.
Question 1.
The old man being weak could not walk properly.
Answer:
The old man was weak therefore he could not walk properly.
Question 2.
His father in spite of being poor is a contended man.
Answer:
His father is poor but he is a contended man.
Question 3.
She must work hard to be successful in the examination.
Answer:
She must work hard otherwise she will not be successful in the examination.
Question 4.
Our teacher is popular among students for his diligence.
Answer:
Our teacher is diligent therefore he is popular among students.
Question 5.
But for his faults he would have progressed immensely.
Answer:
He has faults otherwise he would have progressed immensely.
Question 6.
Visualizing a danger ahead, the traveler became cautious.
Answer:
The traveler visualized a danger ahead and he became cautious.
Question 7.
The student must accept his fault to escape his punishment.
Answer:
The student must accept his fault otherwise he will be punished.
Question 8.
The culprit ran away to escape his arrest.
Answer:
The culprit ran away otherwise he would have been arrested.
Question 9.
Taking off their clothes the children jumped into the river.
Answer:
The children took off their clothes and they jumped into the river.
Question 10.
In the event of being late you will not be allowed entry.
Answer:
You must not be late or you will not be allowed entry.
Exercises: Type – 3
Rewrite the following Simple Sentences as Complex Sentences.
Question 1.
Nobody could find out the place of their stay.
Answer:
Nobody could find out the place where they stayed.
Question 2.
The purpose of his visit to this place is not known.
Answer:
It is not known what is the purpose of his visit to this place.
Question 3.
All the laborers set out for their homes at sunset.
Answer:
All the laborers set out for their homes when the sun set.
Question 4.
On seeing the policeman, the thief fled away.
Answer:
The thief fled away when he saw the police man.
Question 5.
You cannot succeed without working hard.
Answer:
Unless you work hard you cannot succeed.
Question 6.
Pious women are always respected by all.
Answer:
All always respect the women who are pious.
Question 7.
I do not know the way leading to his house.
Answer:
do not know the way which leads to his house.
Question 8.
The guests sitting in the room could not hear his voice.
Answer:
The guests sitting in the room could not hear what he spoke.
Question 9.
She hoped to be successful in the examination.
Answer:
She hoped that she would be successful in the examination.
Question 10.
A man fair in his dealings is always trusted.
Answer:
A man who is fair in his dealings is always trusted.
Exercises: Type – 4
Rewrite the following Complex Sentences as Compound Sentences.
Question 1.
I am confident that he is innocent in this matter.
Answer:
He is innocent in this matter and I am confident about it.
Question 2.
Unless he works hard, he cannot pass the examination.
Answer:
He must work hard otherwise he cannot pass the examination.
Question 3.
However hard work she may do she cannot pass the examination.
Answer:
She may do as hard work as she can but she cannot pass the examination.
Question 4.
She is sure that he has stolen her purse.
Answer:
He has stolen her purse and she is sure about it.
Question 5.
As the shopkeeper quarrels with every customer, nobody likes him.
Answer:
The shopkeeper quarrels with every customer, therefore, nobody likes him.
Question 6.
if he does not improve his behavior, he will lose all his friends.
Answer:
He must improve his behavior otherwise he will lose all his friends.
Question 7.
Unless the culprit accepts his fault, he will not be spared.
Answer:
The culprit must accept his fault otherwise he will not be spared.
Question 8.
She did not attend the office because she felt unwell today.
Answer:
She felt unwell today so she did not attend the office.
Question 9.
She has lost the book that she had purchased.
Answer:
She had purchased a book and she has lost it.
Question 10.
If you do not attend the class you will not be allowed to sit in the examination.
Answer:
You must attend the class otherwise you will not be allowed to Sit in the examination.
Exercises: Type – 5
Rewrite the following Compound Sentences as Complex Sentences.
Question 1.
Let me reach my office and then I shall talk to him.
Answer:
I shall talk to him when I reach my office.
Question 2.
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
Answer:
The child is spoilt when the rod is spared.
Question 3.
The thief saw the police man, so he ran away.
Answer:
The thief ran away when he saw the police man.
Question 4.
She is feeling unwell so she cannot attend her office today.
Answer:
She cannot attend her office today as she is feeling unwell.
Question 5.
The child felt hungry, so he started weeping.
Answer:
The child started weeping because he felt hungry.
Question 6.
The news is very good but it is not true.
Answer:
The news is so good that it cannot be true.
Question 7.
Eat less and you will remain healthy.
Answer:
You wifi remain healthy if you eat less.
Question 8.
The old man is very rich but he is a miser.
Answer:
The old man is a miser though he is very rich.
Question 9.
Children put on new clothes and went to see the fair.
Answer:
Children went to see the fair after putting on new clothes.
Question 10.
Keep quiet or you will repent.
Answer:
You will repent if you do not keep quite.
Exercises: Type – 6
Change the following sentences as directed.
Question 1.
Tea is too hot to drink. (into complex)
Answer:
Tea is so hot that it cannot be drunk.
Question 2.
Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed. (into compound)
Answer:
Work hard or you cannot succeed.
Question 3.
I was born in this place. (into complex)
Answer:
This is the place where I was born.
Question 4.
Although she ran fast she could not catch the bus. (into simple)
Answer:
In spite of running fast she couldn’t catch the bus.
Question 5.
She is the girl who won the prize. (into compound)
Answer:
She is a girl and she won a prize.
Question 6.
If he had listened he would have avoided the accident. (into compound)
Answer:
He did not listen and so he could not avoid the accident.
Question 7.
She started early yet she couldn’t reach on time. (into simple)
Answer:
Inspite of starting early she couldn’t reach on time.
Question 8.
As soon as the children heard the bell they ran into the classrooms. (into simple)
Answer:
On hearing the bell the children ran into the classrooms.
Question 9.
This is the flower which smells sweet. (into compound)
Answer:
This is the flower and it smells sweet.
Question 10.
The furniture was so old that it broke into pieces. (into compound)
Answer:
The furniture was very old and it broke into pieces.
Exercises: Type – 7
Combine the pairs of sentences below into simple, complex and compound.
Question 1.
She is very weak. She cannot walk.
Answer:
Simple, She is too weak to walk.
Complex She is so weak that she cannot walk
Compound She is very weak and so she cannot walk.
Question 2.
The dancer was ill. She performed well.
Answer:
Simple : Inspite of being ill the dancer performed well.
Complex : Although the dancer was ill she performed well.
Compound : The dancer was ill yet she performed well.
Question 3.
Be careful. You might fall down.
Answer:
Simple Incase of being careless you might fall.
Complex Unless you are careful you might fall.
Compound Be careful or you might fall.
Question 4.
Sheela saved money. She became rich.
Answer:
Simple : Having saved money she became rich.
Complex : As she saved money she became rich.
Compound : She saved money and became rich.
Question 5.
It rained heavily. Schools remained closed.
Answer:
Simple Schools remained closed due to heavy rain.
Complex Schools reminded closed because it rained heavily.
Compound It rained heavily and so the schools remained closed.
Question 6.
The thief was caught. He was seen by the police.
Answer:
Simple : Having been seen by the police the thief was caught.
Complex : The police who saw the thief caught him.
Compound : The police saw the thief and caught him.
Question 7.
We waited for a long time. We could not get a taxi.
Answer:
Simple : Inspite of waiting for a long time we did not get a taxi.
Complex : Although we waited for a long time we did not get a taxi.
Compound : We waited for a long time yet we did not get a taxi.
Question 8.
Water the plants every day. It will yield flowers.
Answer:
Simple :
On watering the plants every day they will yield flowers.
Complex : If you water the plants every day they will yield flowers.
Compound : Water the plants every day and they will yield flowers.
Question 9.
You must try. You can win.
Answer:
Simple :
On trying you can win.
Complex : If you try you can win.
Compound : Try and you can win.
Question 10.
It was cloudy. The day wasn’t bright.
Answer:
Simple : The day being cloudy it wasn’t bright.
Complex : As the day was cloudy it wasn’t bright.
Compound : The day was cloudy and so it wasn’t bright.