Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Minerals and Energy Resources

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Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Minerals and Energy Resources

Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Why is copper mainly used in electrical cables and electronic industries?
Answer:
Copper is mainly used in electrical cables and electronic industries because it is malleable, ductile and a good conductor.

Question 2.
Name any one fossil fuel used to generate thermal electricity.
Answer:
Coal, petrol, natural gas.

Question 3.
Which rock consists of single mineral only?
Answer:
Limestone consists of single mineral only.

Question 4.
How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
In sedimentary rocks minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata.

Question 5.
What are the two types of minerals according to occurrence in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer:
According to the occurrence in igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals are of two types – veins and lodes. Veins are the smaller occurrences and lodes are the larger.

Question 6.
What are rocks?
Answer:
Rocks are combinations of homogenous substances called minerals. Some rocks consist of a single mineral while other consists of several minerals in varying proportions.

Question 7.
Which is the finest quality of iron ore?
Answer:
Magnetite is the finest quality of iron ore. It contains 70% iron.

Question 8.
Which state is the leading producer of manganese ore?
Answer:
Odisha is the leading producer of manganese ore.

Question 9.
In which non-conventional source of energy is India referred to as a super power?
Answer:
India is referred to as a super power in wind power.

Question 10.
Where are minerals found?
Answer:
Minerals are usually found in ores.

Question 11.
What are called ‘placer deposits’? Name some minerals obtained from placer deposits.
Answer:
Some minerals occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called ‘placer deposits’ and generally contain minerals, which are not corroded by water. Gold, silver, tin and platinum are most important among such minerals.

Question 12.
Name the minerals which are largely derived from ocean waters.
Answer:
Common salt, magnesium and bromine.

Question 13.
What is known as ‘rat hole’ mining?
Answer:
Coal mining in Jowai and Cherapunjee is done by family members in the form of a long narrow tunnel, known as ‘rat hole’ mining.

Question 14.
What is the importance of ferrous minerals?
Answer:
Ferrous minerals provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries.

Question 15.
Why is iron ore so important?
Answer:
Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development.

Question 16.
Mention the iron content in hematite.
Answer:
Hematite has 50-60 per cent iron content.

Question 17.
Where are super high grade hematites found in India?
Answer:
High grade hematites are found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. This range of hills comprise of 14 deposits of super high grade hematite iron ore.

Question 18.
Where are the Kudremukh mines located in India?
Answer:
The Kudremukh mines are located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka.

Question 19.
What is manganese mainly used in?
Answer:
Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy.

Question 20.
Name some non-ferrous minerals.
Answer:
Copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and gold.

Question 21.
Name the states which lead in the production of copper.
Answer:

The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh
Khetri mines in Rajasthan, and
Singhbhum district of Jharkhand

Question 22.
How are bauxite deposits formed?
Answer:
Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium sillicates.

Question 23.
Which property of aluminium makes it an important metal?
OR
Why is aluminium an important metal?
Answer:
Aluminium is an important metal because it combines the strength of metals such as iron, with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great malleability.

Question 24.
Where are mica deposits found in India?
Answer:
Mica deposits are found in the northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau.

Question 25.
Name the fuel minerals from which energy can be generated.
Answer:
Coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium. Energy can also be generated from electricity.

Question 26.
Why is the use of dung cake not suggested?
Answer:
The use of dung cake is not suggested because it consumes most valuable manure which could be used in agriculture.

Question 27.
Where are the principal lignite reserves located in India?
Answer:
The principal lignite reserves are located in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu.

Question 28.
Which variety of coal is very popular in commercial use?
Answer:
Bituminous coal is very popular in commercial use.

Question 29.
Why are heavy industries and thermal power stations located on or near the coalfields?
Answer:
It is because coal is a bulky material, which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ash.

Question 30.
Name the oldest oil producing state of India.
Answer:
Assam

Question 31.
Where have been large reserves of natural gas discovered in India?
Answer:
Large reserves of natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna-Godavari basin.

Question 32.
Mention the two ways in which electricity is generated.
Answer:

By running which drives hydro turbines to generate hydroelectricity.
By burning other fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas to drive turbines to produce thermal power.

Question 33.
Where is the largest wind farm cluster located in India?
Answer:
The largest wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu from Nagarcoil to Madurai.

Question 34.
What does geothermal energy refer to?
Answer:
Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth.

Question 35.
Why does geothermal energy exist?
Answer:
Geothermal energy exists because our earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth.

Question 36.
Name two experimental projects that have been set up in India to harness geothermal energy.
Answer:
One is located in the Parvati Valley near Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh and the other is located in the Puga Valley in Ladakh.

Question 37.
What is the full form of CNG? Why is it gaining popularity in India?
Answer:
CNG- Compressed Natural Gas. It is gaining popularity because it emits low carbon dioxide and therefore, environment friendly.

Question 38.
What are the two measures for sustainable energy?
Answer:

Promotion of energy conservation.
Increased use of renewable energy sources.

Question 39.
Which is the most important oil field in India? Why?
Answer:
It is Mumbai High. About 63 percent of India’s petroleum production is from this oil field.

Question 40.
What do we mean when we say that natural gas is environment friendly?
Answer:
Natural gas is environment friendly because of low carbon dioxide emissions.

Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development. Give two broad measures for it. As concerned citizens, how can you help to conserve energy?
Answer:
Two measures for it are as follows:
(i) Promotion of energy conservation: Methods of energy conservation should be promoted on a priority basis. We should use more energy-efficient appliances in our homes. CFL or LED bulbs should be used more and more.

(ii) Increased use of renewable energy sources: We should use renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind power, biogas, etc. Use of these energy sources will definitely minimise our dependence on conventional sources of energy such as coal, petroleum, etc. As concerned citizens we can do it by-

using public transport systems instead of individual vehicles.
switching off electricity when not in use.
using power-saving devices.
using non-conventional sources of energy.

Question 2.
Give a short account of the major iron ore belts in India.
Answer:
The major iron ore belts in India are-
(i) Odisha-Jharkhand belt: In Odisha high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. In the adjoining Singhbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.

(ii) Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt: This belt lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. High grade hematites are found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. The range of hills comprise of 14 deposits of super high grade hematite iron ore. Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakhapatnam port.

(iii) Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru belt: This belt in Karnataka has large reserves of iron-ore. The Kudremukh mines located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka are a 100 per cent export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world.

(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt: This belt includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are efficiently exploited.

Question 3.
How have biogas plants proved to be a valuable source of energy in rural India? Give its three benefits
Answer:
Biogas is used for domestic consumption in rural India. Since it is non-conventional source of energy, its use is promoted in rural areas where cattle dung is available in abundance. Biogas plants are therefore, set up using this cattle dung. These plants are called Gobar gas plants which provide twin benefits to the farmers in the form of energy and improved quality of manure.
Benefits of use of biogas in rural India-

This gas has higher thermal efficiency in comparison to Kerosene.
It provides improved quality of manure.
It prevents the loss of trees and manure due to burning of fuel wood and cow dung cakes.
It makes possible the disposal of farm waste, animal and human wastes.

Question 4.
How is mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain.
Answer:
Mining activity is highly injurious to the health of the miners and environment in the following ways-
(i) The dust and harmful fumes inhaled by miners make them vulnerable to pulmonary diseases. The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coal mines are a constant threat to miners.

(ii) Mining activity leaves degrading effect on the surrounding environment. The water sources in the region get contaminated and air gets polluted due to generation of dust in mining areas. Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of land, soil, and increase in stream and river pollution.

Question 5.
How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give your opinion.
Answer:
India being a tropical country has great possibilities of tapping solar energy. Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity. Solar energy is becoming popular in rural and remote areas of India fastly. It can help in minirnising the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes. It can also help in conservation of fossil fuels. Adequate supply of manure in agriculture can also be possible, when dependence on dung cakes is minimised.

Question 6.
Describe any three features of ferrous minerals found in India.
Answer:
Three features of ferrous minerals-

Ferrous minerals that include iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. account for about three- fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals.
They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries in India.
India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals after meeting her internal demands.

Question 7.
What are the two main ways of generating electricity? How are they different from each other? Explain.
Answer:
The two main ways of generating electricity are-

By running water which drives hydro turbines to generate hydroelectricity.
By burning other fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas to drive turbines to produce thermal power.

Differences between hydroelectricity power and thermal power

Hydroelectricity Power	Thermal Power
(i) It is generated by fast flowing water which is a renewable or inexhaustible resource.	(i) It is generated from petroleum and coal which are non-renewable or exhaustible resources.
(ii) It causes no pollution.	(ii) On burning coal and oil they cause a lot of pollution.
(iii) It is cheaper in the long run.	(iii) It is expensive in the long run.

Question 8.
Name the non-metallic mineral which can split easily into thin sheets. Mention its uses.
Answer:
It is mica. Because it is made up of a series of plates or leaves, it splits easily into thin sheets. It can be clear, black, green, red, yellow or brown.
Uses of mica

Due to its excellent dielectric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
It is a wonderful craft material.
Large crystals of mica are used for various applications.

Question 9.
Explain any three factors affecting the economic viability of a reserve of minerals,
Answer:

The mineral content of the ore must be in sufficient concentration to make its extraction commercially viable.
The ease of extraction also plays an important role in this regard.
The cost of extraction of a mineral from its ore affects the economic viability of a reserve of minerals.
Closeness to the market is another important factor. If the market area is far from a mining area, then extraction is not economically viable.

Question 10.
Differentiate between metallic and non-metallic minerals with examples.
Answer:
The major differences between metallic and non-metallic minerals are given below-

Metallic minerals	Non-metallic minerals
(i) Metallic minerals comprise of ferrous minerals such as iron ore, manganese etc., non-ferrous minerals such as copper, lead, etc. and precious metals like gold and silver.	(i) Non-metallic minerals comprise of building materials such as limestone, granite, marble, sandstone, etc, gems such as diamond and other minerals such as mica, salt, sulphur, etc.
(ii) These minerals are hard substances with a shine or lustre.	(ii) These minerals do not contain metals and are lighter than metallic minerals.
(iii) These minerals occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Certain minerals may also occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floor and base of hills.	(iii) These minerals occur in sedimentary rocks. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in the horizontal strata.
(iv) Metallic minerals are good conductor of heat and electricity.	(iv) Non-metallic minerals are bad conductor of heat and electricity except graphite.

Question 11.
Mention any three major iron ore belts of India. Write any three characteristics of the southern most iron ore belt.
Answer:
The major iron ore belts in India are-
(i) Odisha-Jharkhand belt: In Odisha high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. In the adjoining Singhbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.

(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt: This belt includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are efficiently exploited.

Question 12.
What is the use of manganese? Name the largest manganese-ore producing state of India.
Answer:
Use of manganese

It is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy. Nearly 10 kg manganese is required to manufacture one tonne of steel.
It is also used in manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides and paints.
The largest manganese-ore producing state of India is Odisha. It accounted for one-third of the country’s total production in 2000-01.

Question 13.
Mention any three characteristics of ferrous group of minerals found in India.
Answer:
Three features of ferrous minerals-

Ferrous minerals that include iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. account for about three- fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals.
They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries in India.
India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals after meeting her internal demands.

Question 14.
Explain the use of petroleum as an energy resource and as an industrial raw material.
Answer:
Uses of petroleum as an energy resource

Petroleum, also known as mineral oil, is a major energy source in India after coal. It provides fuel for heat and lighting.
It is used as fuel in railways and aircrafts.
It is used as a fuel for internal combustion engines in automobiles.

Uses of petroleum as an industrial raw material

It is used as raw materials for a number of manufacturing industries.
Its by-products are used in petrochemical industries such as fertilizers, synthetic textile, medicines, cosmetics, etc.
It provides lubricants for machinery.

Question 15.
What is copper mainly used in? Mention the name of states which lead in its production.
Answer:
Being malleable, ductile and a good conductor, copper is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries. The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh, Khetri mines in Rajasthan and Singbhum district in Jharkhand lead in the production of copper.

Question 16.
Mention three points about limestone.
Answer:

Limestone is a rock mineral which is found in association with rocks composed of calcium carbon¬ates or calcium and magnesium carbonates.
It is found in sedimentary rocks of most geological formations.
It is the basic raw material for the cement industry and essential for smelting iron ore in the blast furnace.

Question 17.
Differentiate between biogas and natural gas.
Answer:
The differences between biogas and natural gas are given below-

Biogas	Natural gas
(i) It is obtained from the decomposition of organic matter.	(i) It is obtained as a by-product from the extraction of petroleum.
(ii) It is a non-conventional source of energy. It is also renewable.	(ii) It is a conventional source of energy. It is nonrenewable.
(iii) It is used in domestic consumption in rural areas.	(iii) It is used to run vehicles as CNG mostly in urban areas.

Question 18.
Give a brief description of the occurrence and formation of petroleum in India.
Answer:
(i) Most of the petroleum occurrences in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the rock formations of the tertiary age.

(ii) In regions of folding, anticlines domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the fold. The oil bearing layer is a porous limestone or sandstone through which oil may flow. The oil is prevented from rising or sinking by intervening non-porous layers.

(iii) Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous and non-porous rocks.

Question 19.
Give an account of the distribution of petroleum in India.
OR
Mention the regions of India which are associated with petroleum production.
Answer:

About 63 per cent of India’s petroleum production is from Mumbai High.
In Gujarat, 18 percent and in Assam 16 per cent petroleum produced respectively.
Ankeleshwar is the most important oil field of Gujarat. Assam is the oldest oil producing state of India. Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrigan are the important oil fields in the state.

Question 20.
How is tidal energy generated? Which regions of India provide ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy?
Answer:
Tidal energy is generated from oceanic tides. Floodgate dams are built across the narrow openings of the seas. During high tides water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed. After the tides fall outside the flood-gate, the water retained by the floodgate flows back to the sea via a pipe that carries it through a power-generating turbine. The regions of India that provide ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy are-

The Gulf of Khambhat,
The Gulf of Kuchchh in Gujarat on the western coast, and
The Gangetic delta in Sunderban regions of West Bengal.

Question 21.
Which is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development? Mention its types with their properties.
Answer:
Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development of any country. India is endowed with fairly abundant resources of iron ore. India is rich in good quality iron ores. Iron ores are of two types-

(i) Magnetite is the finest iron ore with a very high content of iron up to 70 per cent. It has excellent magnetic qualities, especially valuable in the electrical industry.

(ii) Hematite is the most important industrial iron ore in terms of the quantity used, but has a slightly lower iron content (50-60 per cent) than magnetite.

Question 22.
Describe any three characteristics of the Durg-Baster-Chandrapur Iron ore belt in India.
Answer:
The major iron ore belts in India are-
(i) Odisha-Jharkhand belt: In Odisha high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. In the adjoining Singhbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.

(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt: This belt includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are efficiently exploited.

Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Assess the importance of its different forms.
Answer:
Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India. It is found in a variety of forms depending on the degree of compression and the depth and time of burial-
(i) Peat: Decaying plants in swamps produce peat. It has a low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity.

(ii) Lignite: It is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The major lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu, lignite is used for generation of electricity.

(iii) Bituminous: Coal that has been buried deep and subjected to increased temperatures is bituminous coal. It is the most popular coal in commercial use. Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminous coal which has a special value for smelting iron in blast furnaces.

(iv) Anthracite: It is the highest quality hard coal. It gives less smoke and has high heating capacity.

Question 2.
Why is there a pressing need for using renewable energy sources in India? Explain any five reasons.
Answer:
(i) The consumption of energy has been growing fast in India. This has resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and gas.

(ii) Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortages have raised uncertainties about the security of energy supply in future; which in turn has serious consequences on the growth of the national economy.

(iii) Increasing use of fossil fuels causes serious environmental problems. Air and water pollution have endangered our lives.

(iv) Renewable sources of energy which include solar, wind, tide, biomass and energy from waste material are abundantly available in our country. Hence, we should use these sources of energy.

(v) The above non-conventional sources of energy do not pollute the environment. They are safe to use and clean.

Question 3.
‘Minerals in India are unevenly distributed’. Explain.
Answer:
India has fairly rich and varied mineral resources. But these are unevenly distributed. The reasons are as follows:

Peninsular rocks contain most of the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and many other non- metallic minerals.
Sedimentary rocks on the western and eastern sides of the peninsula, in Gujarat and Assam have most of the petroleum deposits.
Rajasthan with the rock systems of the peninsula, has reserves of many non-ferrous minerals.
The vast alluvial plains of north India are almost devoid of economic minerals.
These variations exist largely because of the differences in the geological structure, processes and time involved in the formation of minerals.

Question 4.
Describe the main types of formation in which minerals occur.
Answer:
Minerals generally occur in the following forms-
(i) In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead, etc. are obtained from veins and lodes.

(ii) In sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. Coal and some forms of iron ore have been concentrated as a result of long periods under great heat and pressure. Another group of sedimentary minerals include gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt.

(iii) Another mode of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks, and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores. Bauxite is formed in this way.

(iv) Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands by valley floors and the base of halls. These deposits are called ‘placer deposits’ and generally contain minerals such as gold, silver, tin and platinum.

(v) The ocean water contains vast quantities of minerals. Minerals like common salt, magnesium and bromine are largely derived from ocean waters. The ocean beds are rich in manganese nodules.

Question 5.
What are the four types of coal? Write one main characteristic of each.
Answer:
Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India. It is found in a variety of forms depending on the degree of compression and the depth and time of burial-
(i) Peat: Decaying plants in swamps produce peat. It has a low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity.

(ii) Lignite: It is a low grade brown coal, which is soft with high moisture content. The major lignite reserves are in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu, lignite is used for generation of electricity.

(iv) Anthracite: It is the highest quality hard coal. It gives less smoke and has high heating capacity.

Question 6.
Describe natural gas as a source of energy in India. What do you know about its distribution?
Answer:
Natural gas is an important clean energy resource found in association with or without petroleum. It is used as a source of energy as well as an industrial raw material in the petrochemical industry. Natural gas is considered to be an environment friendly fuel because of low carbon dioxide emissions and is, therefore, the fuel for the present country.

Large reserves of natural gas have been discovered in the Krishna-Godavari basin. Along the west coast the reserves of the Mumbai High and allied fields are supplemented by the finds in the Gulf of Cambay. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are also important areas having large reserves of natural gas. The 1700 km long Hazira-Vijapur-Jagdishpur cross country gas pipeline links Mumbai High and Bassien with the fertiliser, power and industrial complexes in western and northern India. This artery has provided an impetus to India’s gas production.

Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Question 1.
How is energy a basic requirement for the economic development of the country? Explain with examples.
Answer:
(i) Energy is required for all activities, such as cooking, lighting, heating, propelling vehicles, etc. A country cannot achieve economic development without it.

(ii) Every sector of a nation’s economy, i.e. agriculture, industry, transport, etc. needs energy inputs. No sector can go ahead or achieve success unless it has sufficient inputs of energy.

(iii) Our developmental plans require energy resources to achieve their goals.

(iv) Energy resources play an important role in developing country’s economy. The consumption of en¬ergy can determine whether a country is rich or poor. For example, India is not rich in petroleum deposits. Hence, it has to import a high amount of petroleum products.

Question 2.
What is geothermal energy? How is it generated? Name two experimental projects set up in India to harness this energy.
Answer:
Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth. This energy exists because the earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth. Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths. Groundwater in these areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot. It is so hot that when it rises to the earth’s surface, it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.

There are several hundred hot springs in India, which could be used to generate electricity. Two experimental projects that have been set up in India to harness geothermal energy are the Parvati Valley near Manikarn in Himachal Pradesh and the Puga Valley in Ladakh.

Question 3.
Why is conservation of mineral resources essential? Explain any four methods to conserve them.
OR
Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources? Explain any four ways to conserve mineral resources.
Answer:
Four methods to conserve mineral resources

Using mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner.
Recycling of metals
Using scrap metals and other substitutes
Substituting the use of scarce minerals by those found in abundance.
Improved technologies need to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ores at low costs.

(a) It takes millions of years for the formation of minerals.
(b) The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.
(c) Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable. We can easily infer from the above points that conservation of mineral resources is essential.

Question 4.
Give a brief description of the classification of minerals.
Answer:
For general and commercial purposes minerals can be classified in the following way:
(i) Metallic minerals: These are hard substances with a shine. They can be sub-divided into three categories-

Ferrous minerals: They contain iron. Iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. are important ferrous minerals.
Non-ferrous minerals: They contain metals other than iron. Copper, lead, tin, bauxite, etc. are non-ferrous minerals.
Precious minerals: They are economically valuable. Gold, silver, platinum, etc. are precious minerals.

(ii) Non-metallic minerals: They do not contain metals. Mica, limestone, salt, potash, etc. are important non-metallic minerals.

(iii) Energy minerals: They provide energy or power which is required for all activities. Coal, petroleum, natural gas are important energy minerals.

Question 5.
(i) How is nuclear or atomic energy obtained?
(ii) What is the use of this energy?
(iii) Name two minerals used to generate this energy.
(iv) Where are these minerals found in India?
Answer:
(i) Nuclear or atomic energy is obtained by altering the structure of atoms.
(ii) When such an alteration is made, much energy is released in the form of heat and this is used to generate electric power.
(iii) Uranium and thorium.
(iv) These minerals are available in Jharkhand and the Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan.

Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Value-based Questions

Question 1.
What is hydroelectricity? Which values are associated with it?
Answer:
The electricity generated by fast flowing water is called hydroelectricity. The following values are associated with this-

It is a clean source of energy.
It is environment-friendly i.e. it does not pollute air or water.
Hydroelectric power plants do not create waste by products in their conversion.
It is inexhaustible source of energy.

Question 2.
What is the importance of minerals?
OR
‘Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives’. Explain highlighting the values associated with minerals.
Answer:
(i) We can’t imagine life without minerals. Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a high build-ing or a huge ship, all are made from minerals.

(ii) The railway lines and the tarmacked roads, our implements and machinery too are made from minerals. Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes etc. are manufactured from minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth.

(iii) Even the food that we eat contains minerals. Thus, life processes cannot occur without minerals.

Question 3.
In India, coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. Mention three values associated with it.
Answer:
India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements. The values associated with it are-

It provides a substantial part of the nation’s energy needs.
It is used for power generation and to supply energy to various industries such as iron and steel industry.
It is also used for domestic needs.
Huge furnaces use coal as energy.

Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Map Skills

Question 1.
On the given outline political map of India, show the following iron ore mines:
(i) Ratnagiri
(ii) Mayurbhanj
(iii) Bailadila
(iv) Durg
(v) Kudremukh
(vi) Bellari
(vii) Chikamagaluru
(viii) Chandrapur
Answer:
Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Minerals and Energy Resources 1

Question 2.
On the given outline political map of India, show the following:
(i) Mica mines: Nellore, Ajmer, Beawar, Gaya and Hazaribagh
(ii) Manganese mines: Sundergarh, Balaghat and Nagpur.
Answer:
Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Minerals and Energy Resources 2
Question 3.
Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols:
(i) Thermal power plants: Namrup, Barauni, Korba, Talcher, Neyveli and Singrauli
(ii) Nuclear power plants: Narora, Rawat Bhata, Tarapur, Kaiga, Kalpakkam, Kakrapara
Answer:
Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Minerals and Energy Resources 3

Question 4.
Locate and label the following on a given outline political map of India:
(i) Coal mines- Talcher, Korba, Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj, Singareni and Neyveli.
(ii) Oil fields: Kalol, Digboi (CBSE 2016 AI), Naharkatia, Ankaleshwar (CBSE 2016 D) and Moran.
Answer:
Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Minerals and Energy Resources 4

Question 5.
Identify the features marked as A, B. C, D, E, F, G and H on the gIven map of India.
A. Iron-ore mine
B. Iron-ore exporting port
C. Nuclear power plant
D. Thermal power plant/Major Sea Port
E. Oil field
F. Manganese mine
G. Mica mine
H. Coal mine
Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Minerals and Energy Resources 5
Answer:
A. Kudrernukh
B. Paradip
C. Rawat Bhata
D. Tuticorm
E. Basein
F. Bhtndara
G. Gaya
H. Rainganj