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Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers
Multiple Choice Type Questions
Question 1.
Micro-organisms can be grown in the bioreactors by
(a) Support growth system
(b) Agitated growth system
(c) Suspended .growth system
(d) Both (a) and (c)
Answer
Answer: (d) Both (a) and (c)
Question 2.
Name the drug used in cancer treatment produced by using biotechnology
(a) Terramycin
(b) HGH
(c) Insulin
(d) TSH
(e) Enterferon
Answer
Answer: (b) HGH
Question 3.
During ‘gene cloning’ which is called as ‘gene taxi’?
(a) Vaccine
(b) Plasmid
(c) Bacterium
(d) Protozoa
Answer
Answer: (b) Plasmid
Question 4.
Hybridoma technology has been successfully used in
(a) production of somatic hybrids
(b) synthesis of monoclonal antibodies
(c) synthesis of haemoglobin
(d) production of alcohol in bulk
Answer
Answer: (b) synthesis of monoclonal antibodies
Question 5.
Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because
(a) These products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products
(b) The method is costly
(c) Economy of developing countries may suffer.
(d) There is danger of entry of viruses and toxins with introduced crop
Answer
Answer: (a) These products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products
Question 6.
Hybridoma cells are
(a) Nervous cells of frog
(b) Hybrid cells resulting from myeloma cells
(c) Only cells having oncogenes
(d) Product of spore formation in bacteria
Answer
Answer: (b) Hybrid cells resulting from myeloma cells
Question 7.
The new strain of bacteria produced by biotechnology in alcohol industry is
(a) Escherichia coli
(b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(c) Bacillus sabtilis
(d) Pseudomonas putida
Answer
Answer: (d) Pseudomonas putida
Question 8.
Important objective of biotechnology in agriculture section is
(a) To produce pest resistant varieties of plants
(b) To increase the nitrogen content
(c) To decrease the seed number
(d) To increase the plant weight
Answer
Answer: (a) To produce pest resistant varieties of plants
Question 9.
The two vitamins manufactured biotechnologically are
(a) Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6
(b) Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B2
(c) Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B2
(d) Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B9
Answer
Answer: (b) Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B2
Question 10.
Some pathogenic bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics by
(a) Modifying their cell walls
(b) Developing such enzymes which modify antibiotics
(c) Alter the antibiotics target due to spontaneous mutation
(d) All the above.
Answer
Answer: (d) All the above.
Question 11.
What was the world’s first ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell?
(a) Sheep
(b) Monkey
(c) Cow
(d) Calf
Answer
Answer: (a) Sheep
Question 12.
Which of the following organelles is associated with genetic , engineering?
(a) Plasmids
(b) Plastids
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Mitochondria
Answer
Answer: (a) Plasmids
Question 13.
What is cDNA?
(a) Circular DNA
(b) Cloned DNA
(c) DNA produced from reverse transcription of RNA
(d) Cytoplasmic DNA
Answer
Answer: (c) DNA produced from reverse transcription of RNA
Question 14.
The EcoR-1 enzyme is obtained from
(a) Virus
(b) Salmonella
(c) E.Coli
(d) Penicillium
Answer
Answer: (c) E.Coli
Question 15.
The first artificial plant hybrid was made around 1717 by
(a) Thomas Fair child
(b) De Vries
(c) Borlaug
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (a) Thomas Fair child
Question 16.
Gene was synthesized in vitro by
(a) Khorana
(b) Ochoa
(c) Hollay
(d) Nirenberg
Answer
Answer: (a) Khorana
Fill in the Blanks
Question 1.
Single cell protein (SCP) provides a valuable rich supplement in ………………. diet.
Answer
Answer: Protein, human
Question 2.
Ti plasmid is found in ……………….
Answer
Answer: Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Question 3.
Fruit softening in tomato is promoted by the enzyme ………………. which degrades pectin.
Answer
Answer: Polygalacturonase
Question 4.
Vaccine for ………………. has been recently produced through genetic engineering.
Answer
Answer: Hepatitis
Question 5.
Genetically produced human insulin is named ……………….
Answer
Answer: Humulin
Question 6.
Penicillin : Fleming : : Actinomycin : ……………….
Answer
Answer: Waksman and Woodruff
Question 7.
Phages infect the ………………. cells.
Answer
Answer: bacterial
Question 8.
Viruses are ………………. obligate parasites.
Answer
Answer: intracellular
Question 9.
The protein coat of virus is called ……………….
Answer
Answer: capsid
Question 10.
Vitamin B2 was originally obtained from ……………….
Answer
Answer: cereals, vegetables and yeast
Write True or False
Question 1.
The origin of replication is responsible for initiating replication of the chromosome.
Answer
Answer: True
Question 2.
Endonucleases made a cut at the end of the DNA strand.
Answer
Answer: False
Question 3.
Ethidium bromide is a staining agent in electrophoresis.
Answer
Answer: True
Question 4.
Plasmids are present in single number in a bacterial cell.
Answer
Answer: False
Question 5.
Chloramphenicol is used as a marker in selecting trans-formats in genetic engineering.
Answer
Answer: True
Question 6.
DNA is a hydrophobic molecule.
Answer
Answer: False
Question 7.
Microinjection is used to ligate DNA fragments.
Answer
Answer: False
Question 8.
Gene gun is used to inject DNA into host cells.
Answer
Answer: True
Question 9.
Chitinase are used to dissolve cell wall of fungus.
Answer
Answer: True
Question 10.
Phenol extraction is used to purify a DNA sample.
Answer
Answer: True
One Word Questions
Question 1.
What are organic compounds produced by a micro-organism that inhibits the growth of or kill another micro-organism called?
Answer
Answer: Antibiotics.
Question 2.
Which enzyme is most commonly used for the crop- improvement in genetic engineering?
Answer
Answer: Restriction endonucleases.
Question 3.
What does EFB stands for?
Answer
Answer: European Federation of Biotechnology.
Question 4.
To produce multiple copies of a gene which technique is used?
Answer
Answer: PCR : Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Question 5.
What are molecular scissors?
Answer
Answer: Restriction enzymes.
Question 6.
Who made the first recombinant DNA?
Answer
Answer: 1972, Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer.
Question 7.
Name the specific base sequence where restriction enzymes cut
Answer
Answer: Recognition sequence.
Question 8.
Name the DNA sequence of base pairs that reads the same on two strands if the orientation is kept same.
Answer
Answer: Pallindroms.
Question 9.
In an agarose gel electrophoresis DNA will move in which direction?
Answer
Answer: Towards anode (positive electrode).
Question 10.
How large productions of bio-chemical compounds is done?
Answer
Answer: In Bio-reactors.
Match the Following
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Ti-plasmid | A. Component of bacterial chromosome |
| 2. Bacteriophages | B. Retroviruses |
| 3. Single circular DNA molecule | C. Agrobacterium |
| 4. Viruses capable of reverse transcription | D. Protein coat of viruses |
| 5. Capsid | E. Viruses infecting bacteria |
Answer
Answer:
| Column I | Column II |
| 1. Ti-plasmid | C. Agrobacterium |
| 2. Bacteriophages | E. Viruses infecting bacteria |
| 3. Single circular DNA molecule | A. Component of bacterial chromosome |
| 4. Viruses capable of reverse transcription | B. Retroviruses |
| 5. Capsid | D. Protein coat of viruses |
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