Sources of Energy Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 14

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Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Extra Questions and Answers Sources of Energy

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14 Sources of Energy with Answers Solutions

Sources of Energy Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What type of reactions occur inside the Sun which produces solar energy?
Answer:
The nuclear fusion reactions taking place inside the Sun produce solar energy.

Question 2.
Which of the following are renewable and which are non-renewable sources of energy?
Coal, wind, tides, sum, petrol, biomass, CNG, hydro energy.
Answer:
Renewable sources: wind, tides, SuN, biomass, hydro energy
Non-renewable sources: coal, petrol, CNG

Question 3.
Which part of Sun’s energy is responsible for drying clothes and exposure to which part could be a health hazard?
Answer:
Infra-red (IR) radiations are responsible for drying clothes and ultraviolet (UV) radiations could be a health hazard.

Question 4.
What type of energy is possessed by wind?
Answer:
Kinetic energy.

Question 5.
Though a hot iron emits radiations, yet it is not visible in the dark, why?
Answer:
Hot iron emits infrared rays. These rays are invisible to the eyes.

Question 6.
What is bagasse?
Answer:
Bagasse is the remaining part of the sugarcane from which juice has been extracted.

Question 7.
Define anaerobic degradation.
Answer:
The decomposition which takes place in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic bacteria is called anaerobic degradation.

Question 8.
Name the main constituent of biogas.
Answer:
The main constituent of biogas is methane (75%).

Question 9.
What is the minimum wind velocity required for obtaining useful energy with a windmill?
Answer:
Minimum velocity required for obtaining useful energy with a windmill is about 15 km/h.

Question 10.
Name two forms of energy in which solar energy manifests itself in oceAnswer:
Answer:
(i) Tidal energy, and (ii) Ocean thermal energy.

Question 11.
Name any two materials that are used for making solar cells.
Answer:
(i) Silicon, and (ii) Gallium or selenium.

Question 12.
What is the range of wavelength of electromagnetic waves that constitute visible radiation?
Answer:
The range of electromagnetic waves is about 4000 Å to 7000 Å, which constitute visible radiation.

Question 13.
What steps would you suggest to help minimise environmental pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels?
Answer:

  1. Use of smokeless appliances
  2. Afforestation.

Question 14.
State the two forms of energy in which energy is mainly utilised at our homes.
Answer:

  1.  Heat energy, and
  2. light energy.

Question 15.
What are the different types of nuclear reactions?
Answer:
There are two types of nuclear reactions:

  1. Nuclear fission,
  2. Nuclear fusion.

Question 16.
Why does acid rain happen?
Answer:
Acid rain happens because of burning of fossil fuels which release oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur in the atmosphere.

Question 17.
What energy transformations occur in a hydro powr plant?
Answer:
In a hydro power plant potential energy possessed by stored water is converted into electrical energy

Question 18.
What is a chain reaction?
Answer:
A reaction in which the particle which initiates (starts) the reaction is also produced during the reaction to carry on the reaction further and further is called a chain reaction.

Sources of Energy Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What is the use of the black painted surface in solar heating devices?
Answer:
Black colour is a very good absorber of heat but a very poor reflector. So, it is used to absorb the maximum amount of heat from the sunlight. It is used in solar heating devices to maximise the absorption of heat and to minimise heat loss due to reflection.

Question 2.
Give an example of indirect harnessing of solar energy.
Answer:
All green plants prepare carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. All non-green plants and animals directly or indirectly consume food from the green plants (producers) and store this food in their bodies in the form of chemical energy. In other words, solar energy is transformed into chemical energy.

Question 3.
State the important uses of wind energy.
Answer:
The wind energy is used:

  1. To generate electricity.
  2. To grind the wheat in flour mills.
  3. To run a pump to draw water from the ground.

Question 4.
Write two advantages of classifying energy soruces as renewable and non renewable.
Answer:
(i) The classification helps us to decide which of the available energy sources need to be conserved to ensure their availability for future generations.
(ii) The classification helps us to look for alternative sources of energy like solar and wind energy. It has, therefore, accelerated the pace of development of technologies suitable for harnessing new sources of energy.

Question 5.
Why is tidal energy not likely to be a potential source of energy?
Answer:
The tidal energy is not likely to be a potential source of energy because:

  1. Only few sites are available around the world which are suitable for building field barrages, and
  2. The rise and fall of sea water during high and low tides is not enough to generate electricity on a large scale.

Question 6.
Why is it not possible to make use of solar cells to meet all our energy needs? State at least two reasons to support your answer.
Answer:

  1. In the solar cells, the energy is obtained only during the day, when the Sun shines.
  2. In the solar cells, the solar panel convert solar energy into electricity, which is stored in storage battery.

The storage battery give the direct current but all the appliancesd are working by the alternating current, so first of all direct current is converted into alternating current by any suitable appliances before it can be used to run various devices. So, it increases the cost of using solar panels as the source of energy.
So, the solar cell is not used to meet all our energy needs.

Question 7.
How is nuclear energy generated during nuclear fusion?
Answer:
During fusion, two nuclei of light element combine to form a heavy nucleus with the release of tremendous amount of energy. There is some loss of mass during fusion process which is transformed into tremendous amount of energy.

Question 8.
Firewood is a conventional fuel. List any four reasons for replacing it with alternate sources of energy.
Answer:

  1. Wood has low colorific value as compared to other sources of fuel.
  2. It causes air pollution on burning.
  3. Cutting down of trees causes depletion of forest leading to inbalance in nature.
  4. Only 8-10% energy of burning firewood is utilised and the remaining is wasted.

Question 9.
State two advantages and two disadvantages of geothermal energy.
Answer:
Advantages:

  • The use of geothermal energy does not cause any pollution.
  • The use of geothermal energy is quite economical.

Disadvantages:

  • It is not available everywhere.
  • Deep drilling in the Earth to obtain geothermal energy is very difficult.

Question 10.
What is biogas? Why is biogas considered an ideal fuel for domestic use?
Answer:
Biogas isa combustible mixture of methane (about 75%), carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide gas. It is obtained by anaerobic decomposition of human and animal excreta and agricultural and urban waste materials.
Biogas is considered an ideal fuel for domestic use because of the following reasons:

  1. It has high calorific value.
  2. It does not produce smoke.

Question 11.
Why is biogas a better fuel than animal dung cakes?
Answer:
Biogas is a better fuel than animal dung cakes because:

  1. Burning of animal dung cake causes lot of pollution whereas biogas is a smokeless fuel.
  2. The calorific value of animal dung cake is much lower than that of biogas.
  3. Animal dung cakes leave residue after burning whereas biogas leaves no residue.

Question 12.
What causes the wind to blow?
Answer:
The Sun rays fall on the equatorial region more intensively than on any other part of the Earth. Thus, the hot air of equatorial region, being lighter, rises upwards and cooler air from polar region starts blowing towards the equator to fill the space vacated by hot air. This moving air is called wind. Therefore, Sun’s energy causes winds on the Earth.

Question 13.
Give some uses and advantages of solar energy.
Answer:
Uses:

  1. For cooking food in a solar cooker.
  2. For heating water in solar geysers.
  3. For generating electricity in space satellites, calculators, watches, etc., by solar cells.
  4. For generating electricity on a large scale by a solar power plant.
  5. To melt metals in solar furnaces.

Advantages:

  • It does not cause any pollution.
  • It is a renewable source of energy.
  • It is free of cost.

Question 14.
State the important uses of solar cells.
Answer:
Solar cells are used:

  1. for providing electricity in artificial satellites.
  2. for lighting the street lights, traffic signals, running television sets and radio sets in remote areas.
  3. for providing electricity in lighthouses.
  4. for operating electronic watches and calculators.

Question 15.
Explain solar cell panel.
Answer:
A solar cell is a device which converts solar energy directly into electricity. A group of solar cells is called a solar cell panel. It consists of a large number of solar cells joined together in a definite pattern. It provides a lot of electric energy required by artificial satellites, water pumps, street lighting, etc. For joining the various solar cells in a solar panel, silver wires are used because silver metal is the best conductor of electricity having a very low resistance and which also increases efficiency.

Question 16.
Explain why only a small part of the solar energy that strikes the upper regions of atmosphere reaches the surface of the Earth.
Answer:
When the solar energy falls on the top surface of the atmosphere then the following happens:
(i) Some solar energy is reflected back into the space by the atmosphere, and
(ii) The atmosphere also absorbs a lot of solar energy; for example, most of the ultraviolet rays are absorbed by the ozone layer.
So, the solar energy which reaches us through the Earth’s atmosphere are mainly in the form of heat rays (infra red rays) and visible light, which is a small part of the solar energy.

Question 17.
Why is charcoal considered a better fuel than wood? What are the disadvantages of converting wood into charcoal?
Answer:
Charcoal is considered a better fuel than wood because:

  • It has high calorific value.
  • It does not produce any smoke.

Disadvantages:

  • 1 kg of wood on destructive distillation produces only 0.25 kg of charcoal making it an expensive fuel.
  • For production of charcoal, more and more trees would have to be cut down which causes deforestation and disturbs the ecological balance of the Earth.

Question 18.
Explain how the energy of flowing water is related to solar energy.
Answer:
When solar energy falls on the water surface then evaporation of water from water surfaces like oceans, rivers and other water bodies takes place to form clouds. The clouds are then taken to distant places by air currents, and ultimately water comes back to the surface in the form of rain and snow. During evaporation, a part of solar energy gets converted into potential energy of water molecules. The potential energy of water molecules gets converted into kinetic energy during rain and snowfall.

Thus, energy of water flowing in a river is considered to be an indirect form of solar energy.

Question 19.
Mention any two advantages and two disadvantages of producing hydroelectricity by building dams on rivers..
Answer:
Advantages:

  • The generation of electricity from water does not produce any environmental pollution.
  • Water energy is a renewable source of electric energy which will never get exhausted.

Disadvantages:

  • A vast variety of flora and fauna (plants and animals) get affected.
  • Dams can be constructed only at a limited number of places.

Question 20.
What is the importance of hydro power plants in India? Describe how electric energy is generated in such plants.
Answer:
Importance: Hydro power plants are of prime importance as about 25 per cent of our energy requirement in India is met by hydro power plants.
(i) A high rise dam is constructed at a suitable place on the river to obstruct the flow of water and thereby, collect water in larger reservoirs. Due to rise in water level the kinetic energy of flowing water is transformed into potential energy of stored water.
(ii) The water from the high level in the dam is carried through sluice gates and pipes to the turbine of electric generator, which is fitted at the bottom of the dam. Due to flowing water, turbine is rotated at a fast rate and hydel electricity is produced.
(iii) A hydro power plant converts the potential energy of falling/stored water into electricity.

Question 21.
(i) Name the device used to convert
(a) solar energy into heat, and (b) solar energy into electricity
(ii) Explain the principle of working of a windmill.
Answer:
(i) (a) Solar energy into heat: Solar cooker.
(b) Solar energy into electricity: Solar cell.
(ii) The wind rotates the blades of the windmill.

This, in turn, rotates the connecting rod (shaft) and the crank (u-bend) moves up and down. Since the pump rod is connected to the crank, the pump rod of the water pump also moves up and down and lifts the water from the well or flooded mine. Thus, the rotational movement of the blades of the windmill is used to drive a large number of machines.

Question 22.
Describe the steps involved in obtaining biogas and explain what is meant by anaerobic decomposition.
Answer:
Following steps are involved in obtaining biogas:

  1. Mixing (slurry of cattle-dung and water).
  2. Digesting (cattle-dung undergoing decomposition by anaerobic bacteria).
  3. Formation of biogas (mixture of methane, CO2, H2 and H2S).
  4. Spent slurry (residue left after the formation of biogas).

The process by which the biomass changes into biogas in the absence of air due to an anaerobic microorganisms is termed as an anaerobic decomposition.

Question 23.
Write short on Bio-mass.
Answer:
Bio-mass: The waste material of living things such as cattle dung and dead parts of plants and animals which are used as a source of energy is called biomass. Wood and cow dung are popular biomass used in India. These fuels do not produce much heat on hunting and produce lot of smoke.

Sources of Energy Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Give the construction and working of a solar cooker.
Answer:
A device that utilises solar energy for cooking purposes is called a solar cooker. The most commonly used form of solar cooker is known as box-type solar cooker. A box-type solar cooker is shown in the figure.
Sources of Energy Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 14 1
Construction of a box-type solar cooker: A box-type solar cooker consists of the following components:
(i) Box (B): This is an insulated metal or a wooden box. It is painted black from inside because black surface absorbs more heat. The box may be provided with four roll-wheels. There is a thermocol layer between the wooden box and the inner metal box.

(ii) Glass cover (G): A cover made of two sheets of toughened glass held together in an aluminum frame is used as a cover of the box B.

(iii) Plane mirror reflector (R): A plane mirror reflector fixed in a frame is fixed to the box B with the help of hinges. The mirror reflector can be positioned at any desired angle to the box. The mirror is positioned so as to allow the reflected sunlight fall on the glass cover of the box.

(iv) Cooking containers (C): A set of containers made of aluminum and blackened from outside are kept in the box B. These containers are also painted black because black surface absorbs more heat.

Working: The food is cooked in a shallow vessel of the container. The box has a transparent covering of glass sheet over it. The solar cooker is placed in sunlight and reflector (plane mirror) is adjusted in such a way that a strong beam of sunlight enters the box through the glass sheet. The blackened metal surfaces in the wooden box absorb infra-red radiations from the beam of sunlight and heat produced raises the temperature of blackened metal surface to about 100°C.

The food absorbs heat from the black surface and gets cooked. The thick glass sheet does not allow the heat produced to escape and thus, helps in raising the temperature in the box to a sufficiently high degree to cook the food. The thermocol layer also does not allow the heat to escape and thus the temperature inside is maintained.

Question 2.
(a) Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.
(b) Choose the renewable sources of energy from the following list.
Coal, biogas, Sun, natural gas
Answer:
Sources of Energy Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 14 2
(b) Sun and biogas.

Question 3.
What is biogas? Describe the working of a biogas plant with the help of a labelled diagram.
Answer:
Sources of Energy Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 14 3
Biogas is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide. The major constituent of biogas is methane. Biogas is produced by the anaerobic degradation of animal wastes like cow-dung or plant wastes in the presence of water.

The biogas plant has a dome-like structure built with bricks.A slurry of cow-dung and water is made in the mixing tank from where it is fed into the digester. The digester is a sealed chamber in which there is no oxygen. Anaerobic micro organisms that do not require oxygen, decompose or break down complex compounds of the cow dung slurry. It takes a few days for the decomposition process to be complete and generate gases. The biogas is stored in the gas tank above the digester from which they are drawn through pipes for use.

Question 4.
What are the environmental consequences of using fossil fuels? Suggest the steps to minimise the pollution caused by various sources of energy including non conventional sources of energry.
Answer:
Fossil fuels have the following environmental effects:
(i) Air pollution: Burning of fossil fuels release oxides and sulphides in the air and many other harmful gases like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, etc. These cause various health problems and also lead to acid rain which further affects water and soil resources.

(ii) Greenhouse effect: On burning fossil fuels, a large amount of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. This is a greenhouse gas and does not allow the sun rays reflected from the earth surface to escape into the atmosphere. Thus, increasing the temperature of the atmosphere. This is called greenhouse effect which results in global warming.
Following steps can be taken to minimise pollution:

  1. Use of smokeless appliances.
  2. Use of refined technology to increase the efficiency of combustion process and to reduce escape of harmful gases into the atmosphere.
  3. Judicious use of energy.

Question 5.
Differentiate between box-type solar cooker and spherical reflector type solar cooker.
Answer:
Sources of Energy Class 10 Extra Questions with Answers Science Chapter 14 4