Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Vocabulary Singular & Plural Forms
Singular & Plural Forms (Text Book Page No.: 35)
I. Simple rules for plurals
a) add ‘-s’
words ending in consonants
boy – boys
desk – desks
book – books
cow – cows
b) add ‘-es’
words ending in
-s. -sh. -ch. -x
class – classes
brush – brushes
tax – taxes
dish – dishes
c) add ‘-es’
words ending in vowels
buffalo – buffaloes
negro – negroes
hero – heroes
echo – echoes
d) add ‘-s’
words ending in
vowels – exceptions
dynamo – dynamos
piano – pianos
kilo – kilos
ratio – ratios
e) Change ‘y’ into ‘ies’
baby – babies
army – armies
city – cities
story – stories
f) Change of inside vowel
man – men
woman – women
mouse – mice
goose – geese
tooth – teeth
II. Other Plurals:
1. No Change:
apparatus / apparatuses chassis, poultry, cattle headquarters, people, shorts aircraft, trousers,eans
2. sis – ses, xis – xes
analysis – analyses
basis – bases;
crisis – crises
diagnosis – diagnoses;
thesis – theses
synopsis – synopses
hypothesis – hypotheses
axis – axes
3. us – i
fungus – fungi
stimules – stimuli
radius – radii
alumnus – alumni
cactus – cacti / cactuses
terminus – termini / terminuses
syllabus – syllabi
4. on – a
criterion – criteria
phenomenon – phenomena
memorandum – memoranda
5. lum – la, turn -ta
curriculum – curricula;
erratum – errata
6. us – ora, era
corpus – corpora;
genus – genera
7. eau – eaux
beau – beaux;
bureau – bureaux / bureaus
8. la – lae, bra – brae
formula – formulae
vertebra – vertebrae
9. ex – ices / exes
apex – apices / apexes
index – indices / indexes
10. ix- ices / ixes
appendix – appendices / appendixes
11. cus – ci
focus – foci / focuses
12. Nouns take ‘s’
commander-in-chief:
commanders-in-chief
son-in-law: sons-in-law
on-looker: on-lookers
step-son: step-sons
maid-servant: maid-servants
passer-by: passers-by
man servant: men servants
13. chief – chiefs
gulf – gulfs
proof – proofs
handkerchief – handkerchiefs
14. dwarf – dwarfs, dwarves
hoof – hoofs, hooves
scarf – scarfs, scarves
15. ox – oxen
child – children
| Singular | Plural |
| aircraft | aircraft |
| analysis | analyses |
| baby | babies |
| boat | boats |
| box | boxes |
| bus | buses |
| cactus | cacti |
| cat | cats |
| child | children |
| city | cities |
| crisis | crises |
| criterion | criteria |
| daisy | daisies |
| datum | data |
| deer | deer |
| diagnosis | diagnoses |
| elf | elves |
| fish | fish |
| focus | foci |
| foot | feet |
| fungus | fungi |
| goose | geese |
| half | halves |
| house | houses |
| knife | knives |
| leaf | leaves |
| life | lives |
| loaf | loaves |
| man | men |
| mouse | mice |
| nucleus | nuclei |
| oasis | oases |
| penny | pennies |
| person | people |
| phenomenon | phenomena |
| pitch | pitches |
| potato | potatoes |
| river | rivers |
| sheep | sheep |
| species | species |
| spy | spies |
| syllabus | syllabi/ syllabuses |
| thesis | theses _ |
| tomato | tomatoes |
| tooth | teeth |
| wife | wives |
| wish | wishes |
| woman | women |
Singular Form
Singular Form Exercises
What is the singular form of the word ……………………….
1. What is the singular form of the word days?
(a) day (b) dae (c) doy
Answer:
(a) day
2. What is the singular form of the word data
(a) date (b) datum (c) datae
Answer:
(b) datum
3. What is the singular form of the word taxis?
(a) taxie (b) taxies (c) taxi
Answer:
(c) taxi
4. What is the singular form of the word ladies?
(a) lady (b) ladices (c) ladys
Answer:
(a) lady
5. What is the singular form of the word oxen?
(a) axe (b) oxe (c) ox
Answer:
(c) ox
6. What is the singular form of the word choices?
(a) choice (b) choices (c) choiceies
Answer:
(a) choice
7. What is the singular form of the word boxes?
(a) boxs (b) boxies (c) box
Answer:
(c) box
8. What is the singular form of the word thieves?
(a) thiefies (b) thieve (c) thief
Answer:
(c) thief
9. What is the singular form of the word armies?
(a) armie (b) army (c) armices
Answer:
(b)army
10. What is the singular form of the word owls?
(a) owl (b) owlies (c) owelds
Answer:
(a) owl
Plural Form
Plural Form Exercises
What is the plural form of the word …………………………..
1. What ¡s the plural form of the word qiarium?
(a) aquariums (b) aquari (c) aquaria
Answer:
(c) aquaria
2. What is the plural form of the word memorandum?
() memorundam (b) memoranda (c) memorandums
Answer:
(b) memoranda
3. What is the plural form of the word stratum?
(a) stratas (b) stratii (c) strata
Answer:
(c) strata
4. What is the plural form of the word deer?
(a) deer (b) deers (c) deeres
Answer:
(a) deer
5. What ¡s the plural form of the word erratum?
(a) errates (b) errata (c) errati
Answer:
(b) errata
6. What is the plural form of thief?
(a) thiefs (b) thiefes (c) thieves
Answer:
(c) thieves
7. What is the plural form of the word alumnus?
(a) alumna (b) alumni (c) alum
Answer:
(b)alumnil
8. What is the plural form of the words man servant?
(a) man servants (b) men servant (c) men servants
Answer:
(c) men servants
9. Which is the plural form of the word index?
(a) indices (b) indexs (c) indice
Answer:
(a) indices
10. What is the plural form of the word criterion?
(a) criterions (b) criteriae (c) criteria
Answer:
(c) criteria
11. What is the plural form of the word crisis?
(a) crisae (b) crises (c) crise
Answer:
(b) crisesi
12. What is the plural form of the word focus?
(a) focuses (b) focae (c) foci
Answer:
(c) foci
13. What is the plural form of the word medium?
(a) mediums (b) media (c) mediae
Answer:
(b) media
14. What is the plural form of the word fungus?
(a) fungi (b) fungae (c) funguss
Answer:
(a) fungi
15. What is the plural form of the word locus?
(a) locuses (b) bd (c) locae
Answer:
(b) bd
16. What is the plural for son-in-law?
(a) son-in-laws (b) sons-in-law (c) sons-in-laws
Answer:
(b) sons-in-law
17. What is the plural for species?
(a) specie (b) specy (c) species
Answer:
(c) species
18. What is the plural for piece of furniture?
(a) pieces of furniture (b) pieces of furnitures (c) piece of furnitures
Answer:
(a) pieces of furniture
19. What is the plural for buffalo?
(a) buffalos (b) buffaloes (c) baffles
Answer:
(b) buffaloes
20. What is the plural for goose?
(a) geese (b) gooses (c) geeses
Answer:
(a) geese