## Maharashtra State Board Class 7 Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Perimeter and Area Practice Set 46

Question 1.
A page of a calendar is 45 cm long and 26 cm wide. What is its area?
Solution:
Area of page of a calendar = length × breadth
= 45 × 26
= 1170 sq. cm.
∴ The area of the page of the calendar is 1170 sq. cm.

Question 2.
What is the area of a triangle with base 4.8 cm and height 3.6 cm?
Solution:
Area of triangle = $$\frac { 1 }{ 2 }$$ × base × height
= $$\frac { 1 }{ 2 }$$ × 4.8 × 3.6
= $$\frac { 1 }{ 2 }$$ × 17.28
= 8.64 sq. cm.
∴ The area of the triangle is 8.64 sq. cm.

Question 3.
What is the value of a rectangular plot of land 75.5 m long and 30.5 m broad at the rate of Rs 1000 per square metre?
Solution:
Area of the rectangular plot = length × breadth
= 75.5 × 30.5
= 2302.75 sq. m.
Value of the plot = area of the plot × rate per square metre = 2302.75 × 1000
= Rs 230275
∴ The value of the plot is Rs 23,02,750.

Question 4.
A rectangular hall is 12 m long and 6 m broad. Its flooring is to be made of square tiles of side 30 cm. How many tiles will fit in the entire hall? How many would be required if tiles of side 15 cm were used?
Solution:
Area of the rectangular hall = length × breadth
= 12 × 6
= 72 sq. m.
Side of the square shaped tile = 30 cm
= $$\frac { 30 }{ 100 }$$ m …[1cm = $$\frac { 1 }{ 100 }$$m]
= $$\frac { 3 }{ 10 }$$ m
Area of the tile = (side)²
= $$\left(\frac{3}{10}\right)^{2}$$
= $$\frac{9}{100}$$ sq.m
Number of tiles required = $$\frac{\text { Area of the hall }}{\text { Area of each tile }}$$
= $$72 \div \frac{9}{100}$$
= $$72 \times \frac{100}{9}$$
= 800
∴ 800 square shaped tiles of 30 cm side will be required.
If the side of the square is reduced to half, its area will become $$\frac { 1 }{ 4 }$$ times the original.
i. e. number of tiles required will become 4 times the original tiles.
∴ Number of tiles required = 4 × number of tiles of side 30 cm
= 4 × 800
= 3200
∴ 3200 square shaped tiles of 15 cm side will be required.

Question 5.
Find the perimeter and area of a garden with measures as shown in the figure alongside.

Solution:

The boundary of the garden is made of 12 sides each of length 13 m.
Perimeter of the garden = sum of the lengths of all sides
= 12 × 13
= 156 m
The garden in the given figure can be divided into 5 squares each of side 13 m.
∴ Area of the garden = 5 × area of each square part
= 5 × (side)²
= 5 × (13)²
= 5 × 169
= 845 sq. m.
∴ The perimeter and area of a garden are 156 m and 845 sq. m. respectively.

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Solutions Prose Chapter 5 Tech Bloomers

### Tech Bloomers In Text Questions

Question a.
What is the future of technology?
The future of technology is beyond our imagination but certainly possible with modern gadgets.

Question b.
How many people in India suffer with disability?
2.7 Crore people in India suffer with disability.

Question c.
Who is Kim?
Kim is the Assistive Technologist at Alisha’s School.

Question d.
How does Kim help Alisha?
Kim introduced Alisha to Dragon Dictate, which had opened up the world to Alisha. It has made her more independent and she is able to study on her own.

Question e.
Why is technology important according to David?
Technology is important to David because it enables him to communicate and be independent.

Question f.
Which instrument does David control with his eye movements?
David uses a Liberator Communication Device, which he controls with his eye movements for his verbal communication.

Question g.
What devices help David to move from one place to other?
AAC device and EC02 with ECO point are the devices that help David to move from one place to the other.

 Words Synonyms Antonyms latest recent old / outdated mounted fixed dismantled opening beginning closing reality true false receive get give rely depend independent replacement substitute – required needed needless selected chosen rejected spare extra scanty swapping moving unmoving

### Tech Bloomers Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences.

Question 1.
What are the benefits of the internet to the common man?
Technology impacts the environment, people and society as a whole. The Internet benefits a common man to travel, to communicate, to learn, to do business and to live in comfort.

Question 2.
Do you think technology has improved communication? How?
Yes, technology has improved communication. Through a piece of technology called Dragon Dictate, Alisha who suffers from Cerebral palsy can speak now and the words appear on her screen. Then she can print them out. It made her achieve things which she had dreamt.

Question 3.
How does David operate computers with the Liberator Communication Device?
David operates computers with the Liberator Communication Device by controlling it with his eye movements. It has a Bluetooth adaptor. So it lets him use any PC or Mac by sending commands.

Question 4.
Which devices are controlled using ACTIV controller?
TV, Blu-ray and music players are controlled using ACTIV controller.

Question 5.
Who says these words: “I want everyone to know the difference technology has made in my life”?
Alisha says these words to make the world know the difference that technology has made in her life.

Question 6.
Which software helps Alisha to overcome her difficulty in typing?
Dragon Dictate is a software which helped Alisha to overcome her difficulty in typing.

Question 7.
Name a few Indian innovations which are helpful to the disabled and make their day to day life
easier.
Lechal Shoes by Krispian Lawrence, Blee watch by Industrial designers Nupura Kirloskar and Janhavi Joshi of Mumbai and IGEST by Anil Prabhakar.

Question 8.
Is it possible to control the computer screen with eye gaze?
Yes, it is possible to control the computer screen with Eye Gaze. That means, when we are reading, we can move from page to page using the pupils of our eyes.

Question 9.
Suggest ways of making our society inclusive.
Keeping in touch with our family, talking to them, seeing relatives, who live far away, making , friends, communicating and controlling our environment, finding opportunities, getting qualified and being independent are the ways of making our society inclusive.

Question 10.
How would you help the people with disabilities in your neighborhood?
I would introduce them to the Latest and modern Technology, so that it can make them more confident and independent. This technology allows the differently abled learners to learn with their peers as well as contribute fruitfully.

Question 1.
What is a reality now?
Managing entertainment and home appliances by voice commands or by swapping the finger is a reality now. Work is made easier than before.

Question 2.
How are India’s disabled deprived of?
Unlike the developed world, India’s disabled are deprived by attitudinal barriers, as they continue to fight with the challenges of access, acceptance and inclusion.

Question 3.
What was the problem faced by Alisha?
She has cerebral palsy and she cannot physically type as fast as she thinks. But now she is able to do it by a piece of technology called Dragon Dictate.

Question 4.
How can you control a computer screen with an Eye Gaze?
If someone has very limited movement, they can control a computer screen with an eye gaze that is by moving the screen from page to page using the pupils of our eyes.

Question 5.
What did David use when he started out with AAC?
When David first started out with AAC, he used a head switch to access his AAC device, running a page-based system, which took lots of navigation and effort.

Question 6.
How does David control his play station?
David controls his play station with a bespoke switch system, drives his electric wheelchair with head switches and uses the ECO point Eye Gaze system to communicate and access the computer.

Question 7.
With how many students does Kim work? How?
Kim works with all 42 students at school. She helps them to use technology in different ways. She is amazing. Without her, the students would lose out so many opportunities.

Question 8.
What did David say about the Liberator Communication Device?
He said that it was a great feeling when he learnt to use it. It took him only a couple of weeks to learn. Communicating with people was very difficult before using it.

Question 1.
How do we use technology in our day to day lives?
Technology impacts the environment, people and the society as a whole. The way we use technology determines if its impacts are positive to the society or negative. We use mobile phones, tablet, Digital Dictionary, e-Book reader and video games as the latest technology. All these are useful to make our work easier. It makes us to keep in touch with our family members by talking to them, whenever we want to. We can see our relatives, who live far away from us. It also helps us to make friends, communicate with them and control our environment. It can help us to study, get qualifications and find opportunities for work. It can make us confident and independent. Learning has now become a more inclusive way for us by this technology.

Question 2.
“Technology is a boon to the disabled”. Justify.
‘Technology is a boon to the disabled because it made to a lot of difference in their life. Now the differently-abled people can do their day to day tasks of life like travelling, communicating, learning, doing business and living a comfortable life. They are able to fight with the challenges of access, acceptance and inclusion. In this lesson, Alisha and David’s life has changed with the use of technology. Alisha couldn’t physically type as just as she thinks. After she was introduced to a piece of technology called Dragon Dictate, she can speak now the words appear on her screen. Then she can print them out. Kim who is an Assistive Technologist helps students to use technology in different ways. The use of technology enabled David and others to communicate and be independent.

Question 1.
How did David’s life change with the use of technology?
David was born with Athetoid Cerebral Palsy and attended a specialist school and college. I He had been using a high tech communication aid, since he was eight-years old and has been I interested in AAC and technology ever since. With lots of effort and navigation, he learnt I to use the device. He then used an EC02 with ECO point, making his selections with a foot ® switch. David is also a keen sportsman, regularly playing football, boccia, hockey and baseball. He is a sports leader and uses his EC02 linked to an interactive white board to teach PE lessons. He also uses it to speak in complete sentences with correct syntax. He controls his play station and also plays MP3 on his EC02 from morning till night. Thus Technology has changed his life.

Question 2.
Alisha wanted everyone to know the difference that technology has made in her life. Justify.
Alisha has cerebral palsy and she cannot physically type as fast as she thinks. But after using a ’ piece of technology called ‘Dragon Dictate’, she can speak and the words appear on her screen.
Then she can print them out. It made a huge difference to her. It made her achieve things she only dreamt of. Her teacher told her to do her Maths GCSE. At first, Alisha thought she could never do that certification. Kim, an Assistive Technologist, introduced Alisha to ‘Dragon Dictate’. It has made her more independent. She is doing now her Maths GCSE. So technology has opened up a new world to Alisha and other young disabled.

Vocabulary

C. Pick out the contractions from the lesson and expand them.

 Contractions Expansions can’t recent i’m I am you’re you are It’s It has Don’t Do not didn’t did not I’d I would

D. Expand the following abbreviations or acronyms.
SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
ISRO – Indian Space Research Organisation
WHO – World Health Organisation
CCTV – Closed Circuit Television
HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface
LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CRY – Child Rights and You
RAM – Random Access Memory
CPU – Central Processing Unit
ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit

E. Complete the sentences with the correct abbreviations or acronyms from the given list.
etc. BCE e.g HD m IQ GPS p.m. vs

1. My dad wakes up very early in the morning because he has to be at work at 6.00____________.
2. Socrates, the famous Classical Greek Athenian philosopher, died in 399 ____________.
3. Leonardo Da Vinci was a famous Italian polymath, a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, a scientist _________.
4. I usually return home from work at 10.30 ____________.
6. There are many irregular verbs in the English language ___________ break, do, make.
7. I’m watching a great football match, Barcelona _________Real Madrid.
8. Humans who dive without protection can survive 300 __________ underwater.
9. A 11-year-old girl just beat Einstein on an __________ test.
10. We used the __________ facility to track the location.

1. a.m.
2. BCE
3. etc.
4. p.m.
5. HD
6. e.g.
7. vs
8. m
9. IQ
10. GPS

Listening

F. Listen to the passage and state whether the statements information (N)? are true (T), false (F) or no

1. Santhiya can’t live without her mobile phone.
2. She got her mobile in January.
3. Her parents bought her the mobile phone one year ago.
4. There’s a calculator in her mobile.
5. She can connect to the Internet on her mobile.
6. She usually listens to music on her mobile.
7. She can’t read emails on her mobile.
8. There are often a lot of problems with mobile phones.
9. Santhiya always talks on her mobile to her friends.
10. She doesn’t like mobile phones.

1. False
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. False
8. True
9. True
10. False

G. Listen to the passage again and answer the questions.

Question 1.
Where does Santhiya keep her mobile?
in her Bag or in her pocket

Question 2.
What can she use it for?
to communicate, to calculate, to browse internet

Question 3.
When was she cycling?
She was cycling last year on a holiday

Question 4.
What happened there?
Her friend fell off her bike and broke her leg

Question 5.
How did Santhiya solve the problem?.
She telephoned a doctor for help

H. Complete the sentences after reading the passage.

1. Santhiya’s parents and friends can always _______ her.
2. Her mobile phone is also a kind of _______.
3. On the cycling holiday after the accident, Santhiya phoned for ______ _.
4. Mobile phones often ________at the wrong moment.
5. Children can feel ________ when they have their mobile phones with them.

1. talk to
2. information
3. a doctor
4. ring
5. safe

Speaking

I. Prepare on any one of the topics given below and present before your English teacher.

Question 1.
Prepare a welcome address on the occasion of Republic day celebration.

Good Morning to one and all.

It is our pleasure to introduce our chief guest Mr. Rajasekaran who is very well known to all of us, because of his service to Mankind in the field of Education. He was a District Education Officer at Ponneri for five years. Now he is working as a Secretary in a government aided school in Ambattur. He values the knowledge imparted to the students. During his tenure, he has brought a lot of changes in the field of Education. We are honoured to have him as our chief guest amidst Republic Day Celebration. I take this opportunity to welcome you, sir for this celebration. I would also like to welcome the other dignitaries on the stage on this happy occasion. Thank you.

Question 2.
Prepare a Vote of thanks on the occasion of Independence day celebration.

Vote of Thanks

Respected Chief Guest, Principal, Teachers, Parents and Students. It is my privilege to propose the vote of thanks to this gathering. Today my words are not enough to express my gratitude. On behalf of the organizing committee and our school, I would like to thank our Chief Guest Mrs. Ambika Thomas who graced the occasion with her presence and guidance. She has given her valuable thoughts and ideas to our students. We are also grateful to all the parents present here. Your encouragement has helped us to organise such important events. I would like to thank our Principal for giving me this opportunity and making this day a great day. Thank you.

Question 3.
Mock anchoring for annual day celebration

Mock Anchoring for Annual Day Celebration:

• Good evening everyone. It is my honour to welcome you all on this day, where we will be celebrating our school’s achievements. We are truly blessed with your presence.
• Please give a big round of applause for our Chief Guest Mr. Srujit Sharma. He is the State Education Minister.
• He has done tremendous work in the field of Education. I also welcome our Principal Madam Mrs. Sharmila Shastri.
• Now I request you all to stand for the prayer song. Let us invoke the blessings of God Almighty.
• I request the Chief Guest to light the lamp. -Thank you, Sir.
• I invite our Principal to welcome the gathering – Thank you, Madam.
• I request on the chief guest to address the gathering.
• Thank you for your inspiring speech, Sir.
• Now, it’s time to begin our cultural – the entertainment show of this evening. Let us witness and enjoy.
• I thank the chief guest for gracing this occasion with his presence. I thank our Principal for making this occasion a great one. I also thank each and every one of you who is present here for your cooperation to make this event a successful one.

Question 1.
What do you mean by cyber safety?
Cyber safety is about keeping information safe.

Question 2.
How do you behave in a virtual platform?
We need to respect the values and sentiments of others as part of global network we have to follow internet ethics.

Question 3.
Can we read and access the information free of cost?
Yes, we can read and access the information, free of cost.

Question 4.
Do you think that all the information online can be used without any permission?
No, we have to get the permission of the author for some information.

Question 5.
Which website do you often access? Why?
I often access Google Website because it is secure.

Writing

K. Fill in the missing words in this email.
Dear sir,
In response to your mail, I have prepared a model for the Science Fest. Please find attached the document for your kind perusal. I look forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely
Raghav.

L. Write an email to your teacher about the interesting English model that you have prepared for the literary fest.

M. Practice Exercise

You are the receptionist of your school. Your Head master instructs you to send a message to all the parents of class ten to attend a PTA (Parent Teacher Association) meet which is to be held on 22.12.2019.

Writing

My Hobby

My hobby is singing all types of songs. I like to sing classical songs wherever they request me to perform. I have learned classical music right from my young age. I am good in Carnatic music. During my school days, in Std V, I used to go to learn Carnatic music in the evenings. I used to concentrate more on singing and learning music than in my academics. If I hear there is a musical show, I will not miss it. I will force on my parents to take me to the show. My brother gets irritated of my singing because he loves pop music. He hates to listen to Carnatic music. But I am bothered about him. I continue singing whoever gives a chance to sing. It has become my inborn delight.

Grammar

Write the words that can replace Ravi, Rani, woman, luggage and the dog when we use them for the second and subsequent times in the passage he, she, it.

These words are called pronouns.

B. Fill in the gaps with personal pronouns.

Kumaravel lives in Thiruvannamalai. (1) ___________ is a doctor. All the people like (2) ___________ because of (3) ___________ helping nature. (4)___________ hospital is located at Car street and most of (5)___________ patients are poor so (6) ___________ does not charge much money. (7) ___________ daughter goes to school. (8) ___________
studies in 5th Standard. (9) ___________ teachers love (10) ___________ very much. (11) ___________ friends are also very good. (12) ___________ always encourage (13) ___________ . (14) ___________ have given (15) ___________ good advice. (16) ___________ mother is also a teacher. (17) ___________ always encourages (18) ___________ to keep studying. I also like her as (19) ___________ often comes to (20) ___________ house. One day (21) ___________ told my mother that (22) ___________ wants to learn cooking. (23) ___________ mother taught (24) ___________ cooking. Now, (25) ___________ cooks well.

1. He
2. him
3. his
4. His
5. his
6. he
7. His
8. She
9. Her
10. her
11. Her
12. They
13. her
14. They
15. her
16. Her
17. She
18. her
19. she
20. my
21. she
22. she
23. My
24. her
25. she

B. Fill in the gaps with personal pronouns.

1. __________ is an excellent opportunity.
2. __________ of these two students can solve this question.
3. __________ books have been written by a great Indian writer.
4. __________ have come to know the truth.
5. __________ of the students have passed the exam.
6. __________ of your friends can guide you.
8. __________ All your friends will guide .
9. __________ of his family members would come to visit you.
10. __________ of those books will be helpful to you.
11. ___________is your bag, you can take it anytime.
12. ___________He is responsible for the downfall of his life.

1. This
2. One
3. These
4. They
5. Many
6. Some
7. This
8. you
9. All
10. Some
11. This
12. himself

D. Join the sentences using ‘Relative Pronouns’.

Question 1.
I have a book. It is written by Rabindranath Tagore.
I have a book, which is written by Rabindranath Tagore.

Question 2.
Kavita is my teacher. She teaches us English.
Kavita is my teacher, who teaches us English.

Question 3.
This is Varun. His father is an architect.
This is Varun, whose father is an architect.

Question 4.
She invited most of her friends. They attended the party.
Most of her friends whom she invited attended the party.

Question 5.
Give me a pen to write a letter. It was gifted to you on your birthday.
Give me a pen which was gifted to you on your birthday to write a letter.

Question 6.
I have sold the house. It was located at the bank of a river.
I have sold the house, that was located at the bank of a river.

Question 7.
Here is your watch. It has been found in the garden.
Here is your watch, which has been found in the garden.

E. Read the different verb forms where they remain the same in the direct and indirect speech in the following cases. Fill in the blanks with missing indirect speech.

1. If the reporting verb is in the present tense.

Kirsh: “I am enjoying my holiday.:
Kirsh says that he is enjoying his holiday.
Kavi: “I will never go to work.”
Kavi says that she will never go to work.

2. When we report a universal truth (something that is always true).

Balu: “Asia is the largest continent.”
Balu said that Asia is the largest continent.
Alisha: “People in Africa are starving.”
Alisha said that people in Africa are starving.

3. With modal verbs would, might, could, should, ought to, used to.

Shalini: “I might come.”
Shalini said that she might come.
Vinoth: “I would try it.”
Vinoth said that he would try it.

4. With would rather, had better.

Chitti: “I would rather fly.”
Chitti said that he would rather fly.
Sophia said that they had better go.

5. In if-causes and time-clauses.

Sriram: “If I tidied my room, my dad would be happy.”
Sriram said that if he tidied his room, his dad would be happy.
Jaheer: “When I was staying in Madurai I met my best friend.”
Jaheer said that when he was staying in Madurai, he met his best friend.

6. ‘ We do not usually change the modal verbs must and needn’t. But must can become had to or
would have to and needn’t can become didn’t have to or wouldn’t have to if we want to express an obligation. Would/wouldn’t have to are used to talk about future obligations.

She: “I must wash up.”
She said that she must wash up / she had to wash up.
He: “We must do it in June.”
He said that they must do it in June / they had to do in June.

F. Read the following dialogue and report it.

Johnson asked Suganthi (1) ___________ And he said (2) ___________ since June. Suganthi explained that
(3) ___________ . back from her holiday in Ooty. Johnson wondered if (4) ___________ it. Suganthi told him that she
(5) ___________ Ooty and that the people (6) ___________ so friendly. Johnson wanted to know (7) ___________ to the
Coakers Walk. Suganthi said that it (8) ___________ first trip and that she (9) ___________ some pictures. And then
she asked him if he (10) ___________ Johnson explained that he (11) ___________ a couple of things. But he added
that he (12) ___________ free at night. Suganthi suggested that he (13) ___________ place and asked him at what
time (14) ___________ . Johnson said he (15) ___________ there at eight. And finally he asked (16) ___________ all right.

1. what she was doing there
2. that he hadn’t seen her
4. she enjoyed
5. loved
6. were
8. was her
9. could show him
10. is doing anything the next day
12. is
13. might come to her
14. they should meet
15. would be
16. if it was

G. Tick the right choice (Indirect Speech).

Warm-Up

Question 1.
What do you infer the above pictures?
The increased use of technology by the younger generation is apparent.

Question 2.
Look at the above electronic gadgets. If you were given a chance to remodel a device, in which device you would bring in changes and what would be those changes?
I would like to remodel the gaming device the changed are to insert a hard disc or a memory card in it, so that we install or download more games.

Tech Bloomers

This lesson talks about the use of technology by a normal person and in empowering the disabled to do their day to day chores of life – to travel, to communicate, to learn, to do business and to live in comfort. Technology impacts the environment, people and the society as a whole. The way we use technology determines if its impacts are positive to the society or negative.

Tech Bloomers Key Points

• This lesson is about the use of technology by a normal person and the disabled to do their day to day routine work in life.
• Alisha and David’s life has changed with the use of technology.
• About 2.21 percent of India’s population is disabled.
• They continue to fight with the challenges of access, acceptance and inclusion.
• Alisha has cerebral palsy and she can’t physically type as fast as she thinks.
• After using a piece of technology called Dragon Dictate, she can speak and the words appear on her screen.
• Her teacher motivated her to do her GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education).
• Kim, the Assistive Technologist, introduced her to Dragon Dictate.
• Only then, she had the confidence to do the GCSE.
• 21 year old David uses a ‘Liberator Communication Device’, which he controls with his eye movements.
• He has an ‘ACITV’ controller also in the headrest of his chair. With this, he can control his TV, Blu-ray and music players.
• David was bom with ‘Athetoid Cerebral Palsy’. He has been using a high tech communication aid since he was eight years old.
• He has been interested in AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication). Then he started using ECO2 with ECO point, making his selection with a foot switch.
• He uses his ECO2 to speak in complete sentences with a competent communicator.
• Thus, Technology makes our life easier and allows the differently abled learners to learn with confidence.

Tech Bloomers Summary

This lesson is about the use of technology in empowering the disabled to do their day to day chores of life, like travelling, communicating, learning, doing business and living in comfort. Alisha and Davids life has changed with the use of technology.

Technology has not only made a normal persons life easier but it is also a boon to citizens with special needs. 2.21 percent of India’s population is disabled. They are deprived by attitudinal barriers. They continue to fight with the challenges of access, acceptance and inclusion.

Alisha had cerebral palsy and she could not physically type as fast as she thinks. After using a piece of technology called Dragon Dictate, now she can speak and the words appear on her screen. Then she can print, do her GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education).

But Alisha thought that she could not do it as studying was difficult for her. Kim, the Assistive Technologist at her school, introduced her to Dragon Dictate. This opened up the world to Alisha. She had confidence after using this software. She is now able to do the GCSE. There are many different types of technology that can help a young disabled person become independent. If someone has very limited movement, they can control a computer screen with ‘Eye Gaze’. A 21 year old David uses a ‘Liberator Communication Device’ which he controls with his eye movements. He has an ‘ACTIV’,controller also in the headrest of his chair. With this, he can control his TV, Blu-ray and music players.

David was born with ‘Athetoid Cerebral Palsy’. He has been using a high tech communication aid since he was eight years old. He has been interested in ‘AAC’ (Augmentative and Alternative Communication). Then he started using an ECO2 with ECO point, making his selections with a foot switch. He is also a keen sportsman, regularly playing football, boccia, hockey and baseball. He uses his EC02 to speak in complete sentences with correct syntax. He has become a confident and competent communicator. He had recently been selected to travel to Brazil to work with the Olympic opening ceremony team as part of the Remix Drama Group. Thus Technology makes our life easier. It impacts the environment, people and the society as a whole. Newer Technology allows differently abled learners to learn with their peers as well as contribute fruitfully to the collaborative process of learning.

Tech Bloomers Glossary

assistive technologist (n) – a person who assists with technological gadgets to overcome disability
cerebral palsy (n) – permanent tightening of the muscles caused by damage to the brain
collaborative process (adj) – produced by or involving two or more parties working together
Dragon Dictate (n) – a software which recognizes speech and converts it to text
gaze (v) – stare at something for a long time
grapple (v) – to fight, especially in order to win something
icon – image / idol
impairment – the act of spoiling something
inclusion (n) interactive – the act of including someone or something
Liberator Communication – involving communication between people
Device (n) – a special device used to communicate with eye movements
navigation – finding and following something
syntax – grammatical structure of sentences
threshold – (here) approach

 Words Synonyms Antonyms access admission exclusion barriers hazards relievers better well worse capable ability incapable cartridges containers – combined together separated command order request pre-defined pre-set post-defined deprived denied provided disabled differently-abled able-bodied easier simpler harder entire whole part era Period – exhausted empty full faster quicker slower freedom liberty slavery frustrating disappointing encouraging grapple fight accept impairment defective intact inclusion addition exclusion increased augmented decreased independent self-reliant dependent interactive mutual individual interested concerned uninterested
 Words Synonyms Antonyms latest recent old / outdated mounted fixed dismantled opening beginning closing reality true false receive get give rely depend independent replacement substitute – required needed needless selected chosen rejected spare extra scanty swapping moving unmoving

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 7 A Dilemma

### The Tempest Textual Questions

A. Read the given lines carefully and identify the character / speaker:

Question 1.
I suppose you think me queer. I will explain.
Uncle Philip

Question 2.
Don’t come back. It won’t hasten things.
Uncle Philip

Question 3.
He thought it simply a cruel jest.
Tom’s father

Question 4.
He did not desire to do so.
Professor Clinch

Question 5.
He would think it over and come back later.
The collector

Question 1.
‘Now I repent of my wickedness to you all’.
Uncle Philip

Question 2.
‘My jewels are in my safe. There is nothing else left’.
Uncle Philip

Question 3.
‘I stood appalled, the key in my hand’.
Tom

Question 4.
‘He said that, if my uncle had not lied, there was none that would not ruin the stones’.
Tom

Question 5.
‘I spent all my spare hours at one of the great libraries reading about dynamite’.
Tom

Question 6.
‘He, too, counselled me to cease thinking about it’.
Tom’s father

Question 7.
‘I was delighted to assist them.’
Tom

Question 8.
‘I was in constant fear of burglars.’
Tom

Question 9.
‘You will have to pay for my funeral.’
Uncle Philip

B. Based on your understanding of the story, answer the following briefly.

Question 1.
What did the uncle do as soon as he bought a stone?
He carried it in his pocket for a month, looked at it now and then and then added to the collection in his safe.

Question 2.
What did the uncle bequeath to the narrator?
The Uncle bequeathed an iron safe that contained precious gems and a dynamite that would explode when opened.

Question 3.
What was the condition laid by the uncle to inherit his property?
The uncle asked Tom to open the box with relief and trust to increase his expectation and desire. If he doubted and opened the dynamite would explode.

Question 4.
Why do you think Tom happily looked forward to the expenditure for his uncle’s funeral?
Tom thought he would become a very rich man after his uncle died when he inherited the box of gems.

Question 5.
Write a few words about the mechanism used in the iron box.
The box contained an interesting mechanism. It will act with certainty as one unlocks it, and explode 9 Vi ounces of his improved, super sensitive dynamite. One must open without » doubting to desire a fortune. If they doubt, the person will be blown to atoms.

Question 6.
What was the counsel offered to the narrator?
The counsel offered was to quit thinking about the box and its contents.

Question 7.
Why and when was the narrator shocked?
The narrator was shocked when he opened the safe and found nothing but an iron box wondering whether it contained gems or it was a lie.

Question 8.
What was the doctor’s warning to Tom?
The doctor warned him that he would lose his mind thinking a lot about the rubies.

Question 9.
Why didn’t Tom dare to assign the task of unlocking the box to someone?
Tom felt a stranger had no right to be subjected to the trial that he dared not face. So he did not want a stranger to open the box.

C. Answer the questions given below in a paragraph of 150 words.

Question 1.
Describe briefly the contents of the letter written by Tom’s uncle.
Tom’s uncle wrote that the box contained a large number of fine pigeon blood rubies and a lot of diamonds, one blue diamond, hundred of pearls, a famous green pearl and a necklace of blue pearls. Thinking of Susan, he insisted Tom to continue to have expectations and remember his dear uncle. Instead of leaving the stones to a charity he gave it to Tom. The letter instructed Tom about the mechanism of unlocking it. It would explode 9U ounces of improved, super sensitive dynamite. If he opened it doubtfully it would turn him to atoms. With faith if he opened it carefully, he would nourish hopes and expectations. He asks Tom to be very careful.

Question 2.
Explain the efforts taken by Tom to open the iron box. Did he succeed? Why?
Tom went on thinking about it, finding people to advise, ransacked libraries, imagined wild plans like throwing it from a far off place to open it, after the explosion he could get the gems, but was sure he wouldn’t succeed. He thinks very hard in vain for weeks and months. His father dismisses it that it is a dirty joke by his deceptive uncle. His doctor advises him to stop thinking about the iron box with precious gems, as it would make him mad, he tries to put it in the bank, but withdraws because he is afraid of the burglary. He consults Professor Clinch about his dilemma who dismissed it as an altogether incredible tale. Thus Tom had to leave the box to the Society for the Preservation of Human Vivisection.

Question 1.
What is the conflict of the story ‘A dilemma’?
The conflict of the story is entirely internal and results in a huge dilemma of anxiety and self-doubt, as the protagonist decides and thinks whether to attempt to open the box or not. In addition, he fears that someone else may try to open the box with the key and he blown to shreds. He confronts a doctor about his dilemma and eventually moves away to a new place, changes his name and hides the box. It is incredibly fascinating to see how a small box and curiosity can drive a human being to so much trouble of anxiety and reluctance. The protagonist is a pure representation of human curiosity and how it can drive us to anxiety and mental instability. .

D. Fill in the blanks with the right option and write down the summary of the story ‘A dilemma’.

Question 1.
The narrator was sent for, by his uncle when he was _________ .
(on his deathbed / on his travels/ in his workplace)
on his deathbed

Question 2.
The uncle had collected precious __________.
(jewels / stones /articles)
stones

Question 3.
His uncle announced Tom as his heir and wanted* him to pay for his ________.
(rented house / marriage / funeral)
funeral

Question 4.
Leaving an iron box for Tom, his uncle instructed him not to the box.
(throw / carry / shake)
shake

Question 5.
The letter read that the box contained _____________ .
(a sensitive dynamite / jewels / money)
a sensitive dynamite

Question 6.
He started thinking of all possible ways to open the box without being ______________ .
(wounded / killed / maimed)
killed

Question 7.
He planned to explode the box at ______________ but dropped the plan ______________in fear of losing the
rubies.
(home / a safe distance / a waste land)
a safe distance

Question 8.
His consultation with did ______ not yield him any fruitful solution.
(Uncle Philip / Professor Clinch / Susan)
Professor Clinch

Question 9.
He failed in his attempts to open the box. His efforts to read about explosives led to________(hopes / confusions / suspicions) and he had to change his ________ .
(name and occupation /lodgings / appearance)
confusions ,name and occupation

Question 10.
At last, he bequeathed the box to_______ .
(his offspring / his friends / the Society)
the Society

(i) He was a bachelor, lived alone cooked ________ and collected precious stones.
(a) his favourite food
(b) deliciously
(c) his own meal
(d) many dishes
(c) his own meal

(ii) Then it was added to the collection in his safe at ___________ .
(a) trust company
(b) society
(c) bank
(d) chit company
(a) trust company]

(iii) When I thanked him, he ___________ all over his lean face.
(a) laughed
(b) smiled
(c) grinned
(d) groaned
(c) grinned

(iv) He died that day next week and was _____________ buried.
(a) handsomely
(c) immediately
(d) elegantly
(a) handsomely

(v) You will have to pay for my ______________ .
(a) education
(b) studies
(c) funeral
(d) travel
(c) funeral

(vi) , In my despair, I ___________ Professor Clinch about my dilemma.
(a) esquired
(b) approach
(d) consulted
(d) consulted

(vii) I was afraid to be in the room with that _________________ box.
(a) huge
(b) terrible
(c) mysterious
(d) heavy
(b) terrible

(viii) Many of the stones were well-known, and their enormous value _____________ me.
(a) stunned
(b) shocked
(c) irritated
(d) amazed
(d) amazed

(ix) This I did to escape the ______________ of the reporters.
(a) anxiety
(b) majority
(c) curiosity
(d) severity
(c) curiosity

(x) I was prompthy desired to _______________ it.
(a) take
(b) withdraw
(c) pull
(d) save
(b) withdraw

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. I was just (i) ________when my Uncle Philip died. A week before that event (ii) __________ me; and here let me say that I had (iii) ______ on him. He hated my mother, but I do not (iv) ______. She told me long before (v) ______ that I need expect nothing from my father’s brother.
(a) his last illness
(b) thirty-seven
(c) know why
(d) he sent for
(e) never set eyes
(i) (b) thirty-seven
(ii) (d) he sent for
(iii) (e) never set eyes
(iv) (c) know why
(v) (a) his last illness

2. At the time he sent for me I was (i) _________ , and poor enough. Remembering my (ii) _______, his message (iii) _____ , his sole relative, (iv) _______ ; but I thought it (v) ________ .
(a) no new hopes
(b) best to go
(c) mother’s words
(d) a clerk
(e) gave me
(i) (d) a clerk
(ii) (c) mother’s words
(iii) (e) gave me
(iv) (a) no new hopes
(v) (b) best to go

3. The rubies are (i) ______________ . They are in my safe at the (ii) ___________ . Before you unlock the box, be (iii) _______________ to read a letter which lies (iv) ________ ; and be sure not (v) _______ the box.”
(a) trust company .
(b) on top of it
(c) to shake
(d) valuable
(e) very careful
(i) (d) valuable
(ii) (a) trust company
(iii) (e) very careful
(iv) (b) on top of it
(v) (c) to shake

4. The old doctor, when I saw him again, (i) ___________ to give up all thought of (ii) ____________, and, as I felt (iii)______________ I was the slave of (iv) __________ , I tried to take the (v) __________thus given me.
(a) how completely
(b) one despotic idea
(d) the matter
(e) begged me
(i) (e) begged me
(ii) (d) the matter
(iii) (a) how completely
(iv) (b) one despotic idea

III. Match the following.

(a)

1 – (d)
2 – (c)
3 – (a)
4 – (e)
5 – (b)

(b)

1 – (e)
2 – (d)
3 – (a)
4 – (b)
5 – (c)

(c)

1 – (d)
2 – (e)
3 – (a)
4 – (c)
5 – (b)

1. I was just thirty-seven when my Unde Philip died. A week before that event he sent for me; and here let me say that I had never set eyes on him. He hated my mother, but I do not know why. She told me long before his last illness that I need expect nothing from my fathers brother. He was an inventor, an able and ingenious mechanical engineer, and had much money by his improvement in turbine-wheels. He was a bachelor; lived alone, cooked his own meals, and collected precious stones, especially rubies and pearls. From the time he made his first money he had this mania. As he grew richer, the desire to possess rare and costly gems became stronger. When he bought a new stone, he carried it in his pocket for a month and now and then took it out and looked at it. Then it was added to the collection in his safe at the trust company.

(a) How old was the author?
He was thirty-seven years old.

(b) Who sent for the author?
Uncle Philip sent for the author.

(c) What was uncle Philip? ,
He was an inventor and a mechanical engineer.

(d) What did uncle Philip use to collect?
He used to collect precious stones.

(e) What was his desire?
His desire was to possess rare and costly gems.

2. He died that day next week, and was handsomely buried. The day after, his will was found, leaving me his heir. I opened his safe and found in it nothing but an iron box, evidently of his own making, for he was a skilled workman and very ingenious. The box was heavy and strong, about ten inches long, eight inches wide and ten inches high. I stood appalled, the key in my hand. Was it true? Was it a lie? I had spent all my savings on the funeral, and was poorer than ever. Remembering the old mans oddity, his malice, his cleverness in mechanic arts, and the patent explosive which had helped to make him rich, I began to feel how very likely it was that he had told the truth in this cruel letter. I carried the iron box away to my lodgings, set it down with care in a closet, laid the key on it, and locked the closet.
(a) How was uncle Philip buried?
He was buried handsomely.

(b) What did the author see in the safe?
He saw nothing valuable in the safe, but there was an iron box in it.

(c) Describe the iron box.
It was heavy and strong, about ten inches long, eight inches wide and ten inches high.

(d) On what did the author spend all his savings?
He spent all his savings on the funeral.

(e) Where did he carry the iron box?
He carried the iron box to his lodging and kept it in his closet.

3. At last I hung the key on my watch-guard; but then it occurred to me that it might be lost or stolen. Dreading this, I hid it, fearful that someone might use it to open the box. This state of doubt and fear lasted for weeks, until I became nervous and began to dread that some accident might happen to that box. A burglar might come and boldly carry it away and force it open and find it was a wicked fraud of my uncles. Even the rumble and vibration caused by the heavy vans in the street became at last a terror. Worst of all, my salary was reduced, and I saw that marriage was out of the question.

(a) Where did he hang the key?
He hung the key on his watch guard.

(b) Why did he hide the key afterwards?
He feared that the key would be lost or stolen. So he hid it.

(c) How long did this state of doubt and fear last?
This state of doubt and fear lasted for a week.

(d) What was a terror for the author?
Even the rumble and vibration caused by the heavy vans in the street became at last a terror for him.

(e) What is worst of all?
Worst of all, the author’s salary was reduced and his marriage was out of the question.

V. Mind Map:

1.

(i) next week
(ii) buried
(iii) was found
(iv) nothing
(v) heavy and strong

2.

(i) his dilemma
(ii) ruin the stones
(iii) incredible
(iv) biggest
(v) desire to do

3.

(i) changed
(ii) curiosity
(iii) officials
(iv) reasonably
(v) delighted

A Dilemma By Silas Weir Mitchell

Silas Weir Mitchell (1829 – 1914) was an American physician and author who excelled in novels of psychology. As an army surgeon during the American Civil War, he became well known for his “rest cure.” Many honorary degrees were conferred upon him by several universities at home and abroad. In 1887 he was president of the Association of American Physicians and in 1908-09 president of the American Neurological Association. The American Academy of Neurology award for young researchers, the S. Weir Mitchell Award, is named for him. Crotalus mitchellii, the speckled rattlesnake, was named after Mitchell.

A Dilemma Main Characters

Tom – The narrator Poor clerk Uncle Philips sole heir
Philip – Tom’s Uncle, Brother of Tom’s father, Bachelor, Inventor, Ingenious Mechanical Engineer, Precious stones collector
Dr. Schaff – Uncle’s Doctor
Professor Clinch – Not desired to open the box
Susan – broke off an engagement with Tom

A Dilemma Key Points

• The narrator’s name was Tom.
• Uncle Philip was the brother of Tom’s father. He was an inventor and a mechanical engineer.
• When he died, Tom was 37 years old.
• His mother advised Tom not to expect anything from his uncle.
• Uncle Philip was a bachelor and lived a lonely life. He had a mania for precious stones collection.
• His collection was added to his safe at the trust company.
• Tom was sent for by his uncle who told him a strange story.
• He announced Tom as his heir and wanted him to pay for his funeral.
• Leaving an iron box for Tom, his uncle instructed him not to shake the box.
• Tom found a letter which read that the box contained sensitive dynamite.
• He started thinking of all the possible ways to open the box without being killed.
• He also consulted Professor Clinch, but did not yield any solution.
• His efforts to read about explosives led to suspicions and he had to change his name and occupation.
• At last he gave the box to the Society for the Preservation of Human Vivisection.

A Dilemma Summary

Uncle Philip died when Tom, the narrator, was 37 years old. His mother advised Tom not to expect anything from him. Uncle Philip was Tom’s Father’s brother, an inventor and a mechanical engineer. He was a bachelor and lived a lonely life. He collected precious stones. He had a manic for precious stones and became richer and richer. His collection was added to his safe at the trust company. Tom was a clerk. He was sent for by his uncle one day. He went to his uncle, who told him a strange story. He told how money minded he was and confessed his wickedness and hoped to live in the memory of at least one member of the family. Generally thought to be poor living on an annuity, uncle Philip had never parted with his precious stones.

He says Tom will have it as he is his only heir. He would be happy to make at least one man happy before he died. He asks Tom to pay for his funeral and that the safe with the precious gems was only his possession. Before Tom left him, his uncle said the rubies were in the safe and that he should read the letter on top of it carefully. And not to shake the box. He asked Tom not to come back. Uncle Philip died a week later and was handsomely buried. The day after, Tom opened his safe and found nothing but an iron box made by his uncle. It was very heavy. Now he was surprised whether his uncle’s words were true or not.

He spent all he had for his Uncle’s funeral and was poorer than before. Things seemed odd and his uncle’s cunningness seemed true. He took the strange box to his lodgings and carefully kept in a closet. The letter gave details about the contents of gems as well as a dynamite. A warning that he should open it with belief his expectations would grow. If he opened it with doubt he would be blown to atoms. He tried ways and means to open the box, thought about it for months and weeks as it was dubbed with terrible danger and a very great fortune. It confused him a lot. He met too many people for advice.

A doctor Schaff asked him to keep it aside and stop thinking or he would become mad. He went to Libraries for strong advice and knowledge about dynamites. He became a slave of one very strange idea. Between the leaves of the Bible he found the numbered list of stones and their cost. The variety of rubies and their worth were described with the threat of death. Biographies written by the uncle spoke of the evil of stones and the good of stones. One, a black pearl, was mentioned as ‘She’.

He was a clerk who knew only how to keep a ledger. Following the strange words of his uncle was too much and absurd to him. It was like a riddle. He was rich, holding the rubies but too poor unable to use it. He asked his father who told him that it was just a cruel joke of his uncle. He also advised Tom to stop thinking about its fortune. Two years went by and Tom continued to possess the fortune without being rich. Susan breaks off the engagement with Tom considering him mad.

Advertisements about the box in Journals brought out absurd schemes. He is asked to quit his house by the owner. He moves to the suburbs, hides the box, changes his name and occupation. He was happy to assist the government officials to collect tax for his uncle’s estate being his heir. He showed them his uncle’s letter, offered the key of the box and time to move away. The official said he would come later. Now Tom makes a will leaving the precious gems to the Society for the Preservation of Human Vivisection.

A Dilemma Glossary

avarice (n) – extreme greed for wealth
closet (n) – cupboard
contrive (v) – cook up, hatch a plan by deliberate use of skills
incredible (adj.) – impossible to believe
ingenious (adj.) – clever, original and inventive
jest (n) – a joke
malicious (adj.) – spiteful, intended to harm or upset someone
mania (n) – an extensive, persistent desire, an obsession
oddity (n) – the quality being strange or peculiar
vivisection (n) – a surgery conducted on a living organism purposes

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 6 The little hero Holland

### The little hero Holland Textual Questions

A. Based on the understanding of the story, complete the Graphic Organiser suitably.

B. Based on the understanding of the story answer the following questions in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
What are the little children of Holland, aware of?
The little children of Holland are aware the dikes must be watched every moment and that even a small hole can be very dangerous. It would bring the sea into Holland.

Question 2.
What was the work assigned to Peter’s father?
The work assigned to Peter’s father was tending the sluice. Opening and closing the gates when ships entered the sea from Holland.

Question 3.
Why did Peter’s mother call him?
Peter’s mother called him to go and give cakes to his friend who was blind.

Question 4.
How did Peter spend his time with his blind friend?
Peter stayed with the poor blind man a little while to tell him about his walk along the dike and about the sun and the flowers and the ships far out at sea.

Question 5.
Why did the father always say ‘angry waters’?
The father always said angry waters because the sea water lashed on the dikes always.

Question 6.
What did Peter see when he stopped near the dikes?
When Peter stopped near the dikes he noticed that there was a sound of trickling water and saw a small hole in the dike, through which a tiny stream was flowing.

Question 7.
What were the thoughts of the mother when Peter didn’t return home?
Peter’s mother thought that he was spending that night with his friend and that she would scold him next morning for staying away from home without permission.

Question 8.
How did Peter spend his night at the dikes?
Holding his finger in the hole on the dike Peter crouched on a stone, bending his head. He closed his eyes but did not sleep. He rubbed his hand and thought he would manage to stay throughout the night, though no one came to his rescue until morning.

Question 9.
Who found Peter in the dikes and what did he do?
A man who went for his work heard Peter moaning and found him clinging to the side of the great wall.

Question 10.
How did the villagers mend the hole?
The villagers brought shovels and mended the hole after hearing the alarm.

Question 1.
Narrate in your own words the circumstances that led Peter to be a brave little hero.
One day Peter’s mother asked him to give cakes to his blind friend. He crossed the dikes that 1 guarded Holland from the great sea. After he spent some time with his friend, he decided to leave early to his house. On his way, he noticed that he heard a noise of a stream through a hole in the dike. He felt the danger behind the hole. He wanted to save Holland. So he used his finger to close the hole and the water stopped leaking.

He stayed outside in the cold night without sleeping. His mother thought he was spending his night with his friend and would scold him, when he returned in the morning. But Peter suffered a lot in the biting cold weather. He shouted for help, no one heard. Next morning a passer-by, who was going to work, heard his groan and found Peter clinging to the side of the dike. He immediately tried to save him and spread the alarm in the village about the hole in the dike. The villagers came running with shovels and mended the dike. Thus Peter became a great hero who saved Holland from the great sea.

Question 1.
How did Peter spend his time with his blind friend? What did he see on his way home?
When his mother asked him to give cakes to his blind friend, Peter was glad. He started off with a light heart. He stayed with the poor blind man for a while to tell him about his walk along the dike, about the sun, flowers and the ships far out at sea. Then he remembered his mother’s wish that he should return before dark. So he bid goodbye to his friend and set out for home. As he walked beside the canal, he noticed how the rains had swollen the waters and how they beat against the side of the dike. He thought of his father’s gates which were so strong. As the sun was setting, he heard a noise of trickling water. He saw a leak in the dike.

D. Identify the character / Speaker:

1. “I want you to go across the dike and take these cakes to your friend,the blind man.”
Peter’s mother

2. “I am glad there are so strong.”
Peter

3. “Holland shall not be drowned while I am here.”
Peter

4. “What’s the matter?” he called. “Are you hurt?”
A man going to work /The passer by

5. “Tell them to come quickly.”
Peter

1. “Come, peter”
Peter’s mother

2. “If you go quickly, and do not stop to play, you will be home again before dark.”
Peter’s mother

3. “If they gave way what would become of us?”
Peter

4. “Father always calls them the “angry waters.”
Peter

5. “Mother will be watching for me.”
Peter

6. “The angry waters must stay back now.”
Peter

7. “Come here; come here.”
Peter

8. “Will no one come? Mother! Mother!”
Peter

9. His head was bent, and his eyes were closed.
Peter

10. He saw a child clinging to the side of the great wall.
A man going to work

### The little hero Holland Additional Questions

1. Only great walls called dikes keep the ………………………. from rushing in and flooding the land.
(b) North Sea
(c) Salt Sea
(d) Great Sea
(b) North Sea

2. Even the little children know the dikes must be watched ………………………………… .
(a) every day
(b) every week
(c) every moment
(d) every month
(c) every moment

3. The little boy was …………………….. to go on such an errand.
(a) frustrated
(b) irritated

4. He stayed with the poor …………………. a little while to tell him about his walk along the dike.
(a) father
(b) blind man
(c) farmer
(d) child
(b) blind man

5. These pretty fields would be ……………………. .
(a) covered with water
(b) flourished by the water
(c) looking elegant
(d) tourist attraction
(a) covered with water

6. Peter understood the danger………………………… .
(a) after some time
(b) the next day
(c) slowly
(d) at once
(d) at once

7. She would ………………………… him in the morning for staying away from home.
(a) beat
(b) praise
(c) scold
(c) sold

8. It grew still colder and his arm ached and began to grow ……………………………. .
(a) stiff and numb
(b) strong
(c) forceful
(d) powerful
(a) stiff and numb

9. He stayed there all night …………………………….. .
(a) sleeping by the wall
(b) praying the almighty
(c) keeping the sea out
(d) singing songs
Answr:
(c) keeping the sea out

10. They have never forgotten, the brave little …………………………..
(a) hero of Ireland
(b) hero of Holland
(c) hero of Scotland
(d) hero of Poland
(b) hero of Holland

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Holland is a (i)………………. where much of the land lies below (ii) ……………. Only great walls called (iii) ……………… keep the North Sea from rushing in and (iv) ……………….. the land. For (v) …………………. the people of Holland have worked to keep the walls strong so that their country will be safe and dry.
(a) flooding
(b) centuries
(c) country
(d) dikes
(e)sea level
(i) (c) country
(ii) (e) sea level
iii) (d) dikes
(iv) (a) flooding
(v) (b) centuries

2. Many years ago there lived in Holland a boy named (i) ……………… Peter s father was one of the men who (ii) …………… the gates in the dikes, called (iii) …………….. He opened and closed the sluices so that ships (iv) ……………….. out of Hollands (v) ……………….. into the great sea.
(a) could pass
(b) Peter
(c) canals
(d) sluices
(e) tended
(i) (b) Peter
(ii) (e) tended
(iii) (d) sluices
(iv) (a) could pass
(v) (c) canals

3. As he (i) ………………. the canal, he (ii) ……………. how the rains (iii) ……………….. the waters, and how they (iv) ……………….. the side of the dike, and he thought of his (v) …………………… .
(a) father’s gates
(c) beat against
(d) walked beside
(e) noticed
(i) (d) walked beside
(ii) (e) noticed
(iv) (c) beat against
(v) (a) father’s gates

4. Suddenly he noticed that the sun (i) ……………………….. , and that it (ii) ……………………. dark. “Mother (iii) …………………. . for me,” (iv) …………….., and he began (v) …………………… home.
(a) he thought
(b) to run toward
(c) was setting
(d) was growing
(e) will be watching
(i) (c) was setting
(ii) (d) was growing
(iii) (e) will be watching
(iv) (a) he thought (v)
(b) to run toward

III. Match the following

(a)

1 – (d)
2 – (a)
3 – (e)
4 – (b)
5 – (c)

(b)

1 – (e)
2 – (d)
3 – (b)
4 – (a)
5 – (c)

1. Holland is a country where much of the land lies below sea level. Only great walls called dikes keep the North Sea from rushing in and flooding the land. For centuries the people of Holland have worked to keep the walls strong so that their country will be safe and dry. Even the little children know the dikes must be watched every moment, and that a hole no longer than your finger can be a very dangerous thing. Many years ago there lived in Holland a boy named Peter. Peter s father was one of the men who tended the gates in the dikes, called sluices. He opened and closed the sluices so that ships could pass out of Holland s canals into the great sea.

(a) Where does much of the land of Holland lie?
Much of the land of Holland lies below the sea level.

(b) What are the great walls called?
The great walls are called dikes.

(c) What prevents the North Sea from rushing in and flooding the land?
The dikes prevent the North Sea from rushing in and flooding the land.

(d) What was Peter’s father doing in Holland?
Peter’s father was tending the gates in the dike

(e) Where do the ships pass?
The ships pass out of Holland’s canals into the great sea.

2. One afternoon in the early fall, when Peter was eight years old, his mother called him from his play. “Come, Peter,” she said. “I want you to go across the dike and take these cakes to your friend, the blind man. If you go quickly, and do not stop to play, you will be home again before dark.”

The little boy was glad to go on such an errand, and started off with a light heart. He stayed with the poor blind man a little while to tell him about his walk along the dike and about the sun and the flowers and the ships far out at sea. Then he remembered his mothers wish that he should return before dark and, bidding his friend goodbye, he set out for home.

(a) How old was Peter?
Peter was eight years old.

(b) What did his mother ask him to do?
His mother asked him to take some cakes to his blind friend.

(c) What did she advise him?
She advised him to return home before dark.

(d) Was Peter glad to go on such errands?
Yes, Peter was glad to go on such errands.

(e) How long did he stay with his blind friend?
He stayed with him for a little while.

3. It grew still colder, and his arm ached, and began to grow stiff and numb. He shouted again. “Will no one come? Mother! Mother!” But his mother had looked anxiously along the dike road many times since sunset for her little boy, and now she had closed and locked the cottage door, thinking that Peter was spending the night with his blind friend, and that she would scold him in the morning for staying away from home without permission. Peter tried to whistle, but his teeth chattered with the cold. He thought of his brother and sister in their warm beds, and of his dear father and mother. “I must not ’ let them be drowned,” he thought. “I must stay here until someone comes, if I have to stay all night.”

(a) Why did Peter’s arm ache?
Peter’s arm ached because he had thrust his finger into the hole of the dike for a long time.

(b) What did his mother do?
She waited anxiously for her son’s arrival till sunset.

(c) What did she think finally about her son?
She thought that Peter was spending the night with his blind friend. So she closed the cottage door.

(d) What did Peter try to do?
Peter tried to whistle, but his teeth chattered with the cold.

(e) What did he think?
He thought of his brother and sister in their warm beds. He also thought of his father and

V. Mind Map:

1.

(i) a light heart
(ii) poor blind man
(iii) walk along the dike
(iv) mother’s wish
(v) goodbye

2.

(i) ran through
(ii) flooded
(iii) he must do
(iv) he climbed down
(v) the tiny hole

3.

(i) groan
(ii) over the edge
(iii) you hurt?
(iv) peter yelled

The little hero Holland by Mary Mapes Dodge

Mary Mapes Dodge (1831 -1905) is an American author and editor, best known for her novel Hans Brinker. She was the recognized leader in juvenile literature for almost a third of the 19th century. In 1873, in the midst of an economic depression, Dodge was asked to become editor of the children’s magazine St. Nicholas. She conducted St. Nicholas for more than 30 years, and it became one of the most successful magazines for children, with a circulation of almost 70,000 copies. She was able to persuade many of the great writers to contribute to her children’s magazine Mark Twain, Louisa May Alcott, Robert Louis Stevenson, Tennyson, Longfellow, Rudyard Kipling, etc.

The little hero Holland  Main Character

Peter – Eight year old boy
Peter’s father – Brave little hero Tended the gates in the Dikes
Peter’s mother – Advised Peter to come before dark waited anxiously for Peter
Peter’s friend – Blind man
Peter’s brother 8r sister – sleeping in warm bed
Man walking on the dike – Rescued Peter
Holland – lies below sea level

The little hero Holland Key Points

• This is a true story of a little boy with a brave heart.
• He saved his fellowmen with a brave act.
• Holland is a country, where much of the land lies below the sea level. It has a great wall, that keeps from being destroyed by the North Sea.
• When Peter was 8 years old, his mother asked him to give cakes to his blind friend.
• It was an early fall season. His mother advised him to return before it was dark.
• When Peter was returning, he noticed that the rains had swollen the water in the canal beating against the dike.
• Just then he heard a noise of trickling water. He saw a leak in the dike. There was a hole in it.
• Realizing the danger, he climbed down the side of the dike and thrust his finger into the tiny hole.
• The flowing of the water stopped. He stayed there all night, shouted for help and screamed. No one came.
• His arm ached and grew stiff. He shouted for his mother.
• Next day morning, a man heard a groan as he walked along the top of the dike. He saw Peter clinging to the side of the great wall.
• When he questioned, Peter told him that he was keeping the water back.
• The alarm was spread. People came running with shovels and the hole was soon mended.
• Peter was carried home to his parents. The whole town soon came to know that how the brave hero had saved their lives.

The little hero Holland Summary

This is a true story of a little boy with a brave heart. He saved his fellowmen with a brave act. Holland is a country, where much of the land lies below the sea level. It has a great wall, that keeps from being destroyed by the North Sea. Even the children of Holland know that the hole in the dike which is no longer than a finger can be very dangerous.

Many years ago in Holland there was a boy named Peter. His father tended the gates in the dikes. He opened and closed the sluices for the ships to pass out of Holland’s canals into the great sea. When Peter was 8 years old, his mother called him and told him to give cakes to his blind friend. It was an early fall season. His mother advised him to return before it was dark. Peter gave cakes to his blind friend and remembered to get back early. On his way back he noticed that the rains had swollen the water in the canal beating against the dike.

Just then he heard a noise of trickling water. He saw a leak in the dike. There was a hole in it. Realizing the danger, he climbed down the side of the dike and thrust his finger into the tiny hole. The flowing of the water stopped. He stayed there very long, shouted for help and screamed. No one came. His arm ached and grew stiff. He shouted for his mother. His mother searched for him and thought he was spending the night with his blind friend. Peter stayed there all night keeping the sea out from entering into the country. Next day morning, a man heard a groan as he walked along the top of the dike.

He saw Peter clinging to the side of the great wall. When he questioned, Peter told him that he was keeping the water back. The alarm was spread. People came running with shovels and the hole was soon mended. Peter was carried home to his parents. The whole town soon came to know that how the brave hero had saved their lives.

The little hero Holland GLOSSARY

chattered (v) – feeling cold and frightened that one can’t stop the upper teeth from against ones lower teeth.
crouching (v) – adopting a position where the knees are bent and the upper body is brought forward and down.
dikes (n) – an embankment for controlling or holding back the waters of the sea or a river.
groan (v) – make a deep inarticulate sound conveying pain.
numb (adj.)- deprived of the power of sensation.
shovels (n) – tool resembling a spade with a broad blade and typically upturned side, used for moving earth, coal, snow etc.
sluices (n) – a sliding gate or other device for controlling the flow of water, especially one in a lock gate.
trickling (v) – flowing in a small stream (a liquid)

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 5 A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist

### A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Textual Questions

A. Answer the following questions in two or three lines.

Question 1.
Why did Francis Bennett wake up with a bad temper?
Francis Bennett woke up with a bad temper because he was feeling lonely and bored. It was eight days, since his wife had gone to France.

Question 2.
What was a mechanized dressing room?
The machine in the mechanised dressing room washes a person, shaves him, dresses him and buttons him from top to toe on the threshold of his office.

Question 3.
How was food served to him?
Food was served to him through a network of pneumatic tubes. It was an expensive system, but cooking was better.

Question 4.
Why was Bennett curious about astronomy?
Bennett was curious about astronomy because one of the astronomers had just determined the
elements of the new planet ‘Gandini’. He was delighted to know about the accuracy of it.

Question 5.
Why did he visit Niagara?
He visited Niagara to see his accumulator works. There after using the force of the cataracts to produce energy, he sold or hired it out to the consumers.

Question 6.
How did Bennett travel?
Bennett travelled by aero-car which shot across space at a speed of about four hundred miles ‘ an hour. Within half an hour, he reached his works at Niagara.

Question 7.
Give three instances of how mechanization has changed life at home in 2889?
At home through phonotelephote, vision and speech are transmitted. In two minutes, without the help of an attendant, the machine gets a person to be ready, to his office. Food can be served through pneumatic tubes. ri 5 ^ ,

Question 8.
How is advertising in this age different from what we have today?
The gigantic advertisement signs are reflected on the clouds, so large that they can be seen all over the country. From that gallery, a thousand projectors were unendingly employed in sending to the clouds, on which they were reproduced in colour, these exorbitant advertisements.

B. Identify the character/speaker.

Question 1.
As soon as he woke up, he switched on his phonotelephote.
Francis Bennett

Question 2.
Well, Cash, what have you got?
Francis Bennett

Question 3.
‘Phototelegrams from Mercury, Venus and Mars, Sir.’
Cash

Question 4.
‘Interesting! And Jupiter?’
Francis Bennett

Question 5.
‘Not yet, Mr.Bennett.’
Cash

Question 6.
‘No, it’s the inhabitants.’
Corley

Question 7.
‘Where are we going, Sir?’
Aero-coachman

Question 8.
‘Then, Sir, I shall really have discovered the absolute.’
A young man/petitioner

Question 9.
‘Are you saying you’re going to be able to construct a human being?’
Francis Bennett

Question 10.
‘I’m going to start this moment.’
Edith

Question 1.
‘You dare tell me that the moon is uninhabited?’
Francis Bennett

Question 2.
‘Complete… The only thing missing will be the soul!’
The young man/petitioner

Question 3.
’‘Then you’ll be here?’
Francis Bennett

Question 4.
‘No, no! … Centropolis time’.
Edith

Question 5.
‘On the face it turns towards us, at any rate, Mr. Bennett.
Corley

1. Bennette’s wife was in_____ .
(i) Germany
(ii) Australia
(iii) France
(iv) Holland
(iii) France

2. The data from the stellar world was gathered by _______.
(i) Bennette
(ii) astronomical
(iii) the computer
(iv) telephote
(ii) astronomical reporters

3. The food was being delivered through _______ tubes.
(i) pneumatic
(ii) shallow
(iii) hollow
(iv) virtual
(i) pneumatic

4. The wayfarers were carried to one place to another by the.
(i) bullet train
(ii) jet
(iii) moving pavement
(iv) heli-taxi
(iii) moving pavement

1. It will be to make the _____ of all forms of matter easy.
(i) wonders
(ii) creation
(iii) elements
(iv) aspects
(ii) creation

2. A careful ______ was being kept for Francis Bennett to return for the daily audience.
(i) project
(ii) examination
(iii) look out
(iv) check
(iii) look out

3. ______ Francis Bennett had reached his works at Niagara
(i) Immediately
(ii) Within half an hour
(iii) After three hours
(iv) After 295 minutes
(ii) Within half an hour

4. ‘When do you expect to ________ Centropolis, dear Edith?’
(i) leave
(ii) get back to
(iii) go away from
(iv) come back from
(ii) get back to

5. It brought in a daily average of ______million dollars.
(i) three
(ii) four
(iii) five
(iv) six
(i) three

6. Francis Bennett, attracted by this project, agreed to take a _____ in it.
(i) ten percent share
(ii) twenty percent share
(iii) half – share
(iv) full share
(iii) half – share

7. This was _____ since his wife had been in France.
(i) ten days
(ii) two months
(iii) one year
(iv) eight days
(iv) eight days

8. He quickly jumped out of bed and went into his ______ dressing room.
(i) mechanized
(ii) large
(iii) luxurious
(iv) small
(i) mechanized

9. The aero-car shot across space at a speed of ______ miles.
(i) two hundred
(ii) four hundred
(iii) six hundred
(iv) eight hundred .
(ii) four hundred

10. One of the Earth Herald’s astronomers had just determined the elements of the new planet ______.
(i) Ashwini
(ii) Rohini
(iii) Gandini
(iv) Jovian
(iii) Gandini

D. Fill in the story map given below.

### A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Additional Questions

I. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases.

1. The year is (i)______, the date 25th July and the place is the office block of the Managing (ii) of the Earth Herald, the world’s (iii) ______ newspaper. In this futuristic story written in 1889, the writer (iv) ________ how he visualizes the world a (v) ______ years later.
(a)largest
(b) describes
(c) thousands
(d) 2889
(e) Editor
(i) (d)2889
(ii) (e) Editor
(iii) (a) largest
(iv) (b) describes
(v) (c) thousands

2. His name, spoken by that (i)_____ voice, gave a happier turn to Francis Bennett’s (ii) ______ . He quickly jumped out of bed and went into his (iii) ______dressing room. Two minutes later, without (iv) _____ the help of a valet, the machine deposited him, washed, shaved, shod, dressed and (v) ______ from top to toe, on the threshold of his office.
(a) mood
(b) needing
(c) buttoned
(d) mechanized
(e) sweet
(i) (e) sweet
(ii) (a) mood
(iii) (d) mechanized
(iv) (b) needing
(v) (c) buttoned

II. Match the following.
(a)

1 – (d)
2 – (c)
3 – (e)
4 – (b)
5 – (a)

(b)

1 – (c)
2 – (a)
3 – (d)
4 – (e)
5 – (b)

III. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. That morning Francis,Bennett awoke in rather a bad temper. This was eight days since his wife had been in France and he was feeling ahttle lonely. As soon as he awoke, Francis Bennett switched on his phonotelephote whose wires led to the house he owned in the Champs-Elysees. He saw his wife appear in the telephotic mirror.

(a) Where did Francis Bennett’s wife go?
She went to France.

(b) How many days was Francis alone at home?
He was alone for eight days.

(c) What did Francis do, as soon as Jie awoke?
As soon as he awoke, Francis switched on his phonotelephote.

(d) Where did he own a house?
He owned a house in Champs-Elysees.

(e) What did he see in the telephotic mirror?
He saw his wife in the telephotic mirror.

2. Francis Bennett went on into the reporters’ room. His fifteen hundred reporters, placed before an equal number of telephones, were passing on to subscribers the news which had come in during the night from the four quarters of the earth. In addition to his telephone, each reporter has in front of him a series of commutators, which allow him to get into communication with this or that telephotic line. Francis Bennett questioned one of the ten astronomical reporters – a service which was growing because of the recent discoveries in the stellar world.

(a) Where did Francis go?
He went on into the reporters room.

(b) How many reporters were there?
There were fifteen hundred reporters.

(c) What were they doing?
They were passing on to the subscribers the news which had come in during the night from the four quarters of the earth.

(d) What does each reporter had in front of him?
Each reporter had a telephone and a series of commutators in front of him.

(e) Whom did Francis question?
Francis questioned one of the astronomical reporters.

IV. Mind map.
1.

(i) Earth Herald
(ii) Switched on his phonotelephote
(iii) mirror
(iv) mechanized dressing room
(v) buttoned from top to toe

2.

(i) run out of money
(ii) all forms of matter easy
(iii) a human being?
(iv) the soul
(v) scientific editorial department

V. Paragraph questions.

1. How does Francis Bennett spend his day on 25th July?
Francis Bennett got ready on 25th July and started off to his day’s work. He went into the reporter’s room. His fifteen hundred reporters were passing on to the subscribers the news which had come during the night from the four quarters of the earth. Francis Bennett questioned one of the ten astronomical reporters about what he had got. They had just determined the elements of the new planet ‘Gandini’. The astronomer gave accurate information about it. Francis got delighted and moved to the gallery which was devoted to Publicity. He inspected that and had his meals. Then he went to his accumulator works at Niagara. He returned to receive the petitions from the public. He selected the best proposal and finally after the day’s work, he decided to take a bath.

Question 2.
What does the story of ‘A day in 2889 of an American Journalist’ convey to us?
This story speaks about the people of the twenty-ninth century who live in fairyland. Overfed as they are with marvels, they are indifferent to the presence of each new marvel. To them, all seem natural: This story is about the world in the year 2889. It was written in 1889 by Jules Verne. The writer describes how he visualizes the world a thousand years later – a world of technological advancements, where newspapers are not printed but ‘spoken. The story takes place in the office block of the Managing Editor of the ‘Earth Herald’ the world’s largest newspaper. It’s about how Francis Bennett spends his time at home and office with the technological advancements.

A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist By Jules Verne

Jules Verne (1828 – 1905) is a French Novelist, poet and playwright. His adventure novels are part of a series. He draws inspiration from his own sailing adventures. He is one of the most translated authors in the world. He has been called the Father of Science Fiction and has had an incalculable influence on the development of science fiction writing. More interesting, perhaps, is his place as a prophet or predictor of technology which wasn’t to be invented until long after his death

A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Main Characters

Francis Bennett – Managing Editor
Edith – Wife of Francis Bennett
Cash – Astronomical reporter
Corley – Astronomical reporter
Gandini – New planet
Earth Herald – World s largest newspaper

A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Key Points

• This story takes place in the office of the Managing Editor of the Earth Herald, the world’s largest newspaper.
• In this story, the writer visualizes the world, a thousand years later. It is a world of technological advancements.
• Francis Bennett’s wife had gone to France eight days back. So Francis felt lonely and bored.
• He gets ready without the help of an attendant by switching on a button on the mechanised dressing room.
• He went to the reporter’s room and enquired about its proceedings.
• He gets the news from one of his astronomers about the new planet ‘Gandini’.
• Then he travels to his accumulator works at Niagara, inspects them and returns to Centropolis by 5 ’O clock.
• At the waiting room of the Earth Herald, he receives different proposals from the audience.
• Out of these, two young men’s proposals were brilliant. So he engages them at his office.
• His wife gives him the news that she is starting from Paris by‘tube’.
• The tube travels from Paris in two hundred and ninety-five minutes.
• Finally, he gets tired and touches a button to take a bath.

A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Summary

The year is 2889 and the date is 25th July. The story takes place in the office block of the Managing Editor of the Earth Herald, the worlds largest newspaper. In this story, written in 1889, the writer describes how he visualizes the world a thousand years later. It is a world of technological advancements. Here newspapers are not printed but spoken.

Francis Bennett awoke in a bad temper, as it was eight days since his wife had been in France. He was feeling lonely. He saw his wife appear in the telephotic mirror. He quickly jumped off his bed went into the mechanized dressing room. Without any attendant, the machine performed all the tasks of getting him ready to his office,

Francis went to the reporter s room. His fifteen hundred reporters were passing on to the subscribers the news which had come in during the night from the four quarters of the earth. Francis went to the service room of the astronomical reporters and enquired about its proceedings. One of the Earth Herald s astronomers had just determined the elements of the new planet Gandini. It is at a distance of 12,841,348,284,623 metres and 7 decimetres. The next room was a broad gallery. It was devoted to publicity. It brought in a daily average of three million dollars.

Francis then went to his accumulator works at Niagara in his aero-car. After visiting that, he returned to Centropolis about 5’0 clock. After waiting in the room of the Earth Herald, there were different proposals given by the crowd. Out of these, two young mens proposals were brilliant. He assigned them work and went to have his meal. He gets the news from his wife that she is coming to Centropolis by tube which travels from Paris in two hundred and ninety-five minutes. He touches a button to take a bath and goes in.

A Day in 2889 of an American Journalist Glossary

audition room – demonstrating room
cataracts – water falls
Centropolis (n) – (in this story) the new name of New York in 2889.
Champs-Elysees (n) – a prestigious avenue in Paris, famous for the Cafes, cinemas and shops
conveying – carrying
gigantic – enormous
glimpse – quick look
immense – huge
impracticable – impossible to carrying out
inhabitants (n) – a person or animal that lives in or occupies a place.
inordinate – excessive
jovians (n) – inhabitants of planet Jupiter
petitioner – a person who presents a request to an authority
phonotelephote (n) – A means of transmitting and receiving both voice and picture for a personal conversation.
phototelegrams (n) – A telegraphic transmission including images
precision – accuracy
rumbling – a continuous deep sound
solitude – loneliness
stellar – relating to stars
surfeited – overfed
transmission – the process of passing on
unceasingly – never-endingly
valet (n) – a man’s personal male attendant, who is responsible for his clothes and appearance

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Aged Mother

### The Aged Mother Textual Questions

A. Rearrange the sentences given below in the correct sequence.

1. The son made up his mind to take back his mother home.
2. A farmer decided to leave his old mother on top of a mountain.
3. The governor realized his mistake and abolished the law.
4. Once in Shining, a cruel ruler declared that all old people must be put to death.
5. Using the clever idea of his mother, the farmer made a rope of ashes.
6. When the farmer bade farewell, she advised him to return home with the aid of twigs.
7. Filled with dread, he hid his mother in his home.
8. The mother dropped the small twigs as markers on the way to help her son return.
4,2,8,6,1, 7, 5,3

4. Once in Shining, a cruel ruler declared that all old people must be put to death.
2. A farmer decided to leave his old mother on top of a mountain.
8. The mother dropped the small twigs as markers on the way to help her son return.
6. When the farmer bade farewell, she advised him to return home with the aid of twigs.
1. The son made up his mind to take back his mother home.
7. Filled with dread, he hid his mother in his home.
5. Using the clever idea of his mother, the farmer made a rope of ashes.
3. The governor realized his mistake and abolished the law.

B. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
The cruel announcement was to put to death all the aged people.

Question 2.
Why was the farmer filled with sorrow?
The farmer was filled with sorrow because he loved his mother very much. So he did not want her to die.

Question 3.
What were the things carried by the farmer to the summit of the mountain?
He took a quantity of unwhitened rice. He cooked and dried it. He tied it in a square cloth and swung it in a bundle around his neck. He also took a gourd filled with cool sweet water.

Question 4.
Why did the mother become anxious as they climbed up the mountain?
The mother became anxious as they climbed up the mountain because her son did not know the mountains many paths and his return might be one of the dangers.

Question 5.
What did the mother drop along the way?
She dropped a pile of twigs along the way.

Question 6.
What was the advice given by his mother for the safe return of her son?
She advised her son to look carefully and follow the path which holds the piles of twigs. It will guide him to the familiar path farther down.

Question 7.
Why did the farmer’s burden seem to be light on his way back home?
The farmer’s burden seemed to be light on his way back because he was happy to take his mother back to his home.

Question 8.
Where did the farmer hide his mother?
The farmer hid his mother in a walled closet beneath the kitchen floor.

Question 9.
How did the farmer make the rope of ashes? On whose suggestion did he do it?
Using the clever idea of his mother, the farmer made a rope of ashes. He made this by making a rope of twisted straw and burning it on a windless night.

Question 10.
How did the Governor realize his mistake?
The Governor was pleased at the wit of the youth. So he demanded to know where he had obtained his wisdom. The farmer related the true story to him. He listened and meditated in silence. He realized his mistake and abolished his cruel law.

C. Answer each of the following in a paragraph of 120 to 150 words.

Question 1.
Narrate the circumstances that led to the abandoning of the aged in Shining.
The country Shining was governed by a cruel leader. He was a warrior. But he had a great and cowardly shrinking from anything suggestive of failing health and strength. This caused him to send out a cruel announcement. The entire province was given strict orders to immediately put to death all aged people. Those were harsh days and the custom of abandoning old people ’• to die was common. The poor farmer loved his aged mother with tender respect. This order filled his heart with sorrow. But no one ever thought twice about it. So with many deep and hopeless sighs, the farmer prepared to give his mother the kindest mode of death. He decided to take her to the summit of the Obatsuyama mountain and leave her there.

Question 2.
Describe the farmer’s painful journey up the mountain.
Just at sunset, the farmer took a quantity of unwhitened rice. He cooked and dried it. He tied it in a square cloth, which he swung in a bundle around his neck along with a gourd filled with cool, sweet water. He lifted his helpless old mother to his back and started on his painful journey up the mountain. The road was long and steep. The narrow road was crossed and recrossed by many paths made by the hunters and woodcutters. In some place, he lost the path and was confused. But he gave no heed to it. He blindly went upward towards the high bare summit of what is known as Obatsuyama. His mother was anxious, as her son did not know the mountains many paths. His return might be one of the dangers. So she dropped piles of twigs on their path upto the summit of the mountain. Weary and heart sick, the youth gently released his burden and silently prepared a place of comfort as his last duty to the loved one. This was the painful journey of the farmer.

Question 3.
‘The old are wise’. Prove this with reference to the story ‘The Aged Mother’.
A cruel ruler of Shining in Japan proclaims an announcement that all old people should be put to death. A poor farmer s heart was filled with sorrow after hearing this, because he loved his mother very much. So he carried her to the top of the mountain with a lot of difficulties, as the path was confusing and dangerous. When he bid farewell to her, she advised him to follow the path where piles of twigs were dropped. It would be easier for him to find his way. Her sons heart broke at this attitude of his mother. He brought her back and hid her in a closet beneath the kitchen floor. His mother proved her wisdom, when the governor demanded a rope of ashes. She gave her son a clever idea to present a rope of ashes. The Governor was glad. He praised her sense of wisdom and abolished his cruel law.

Question 1.
What is the theme of this story and what are the literary techniques used?
The story is about a mother s love. It is something that no one can explain because it is made with deep devotion, sacrifice, understanding and pain. The way that the aged mother made a way, so that she can have an assurance that her son can go home safely is amazing. She knew from the very start that she will be abandoned in the summit of the mountain. But she understood that it was for her own good. The literary technique used in the story of the Aged Mother is realism because the situation in the story had once happened in the history of Japan. It was not by putting to death the aged people, but abandoning them. It views the once history of a certain country and the simplicity of life. The story also contains a lesson and the language used was simple and comprehensive.

D. Identify the character / speaker.

Question 1.
He gave orders for the aged to be put to death.
The governor of Shining

Question 2.
He considered the order to be the kindest mode of death.
The farmer

Question 3.
She quietly dropped some twigs on the way.
The farmer’s old mother

Question 4.
Let not thine eyes be blinded.
The farmer’s old mother

Question 5.
Together we will follow the path, together we will die.
The farmer

Question 6.
I will think. I will think.
The farmer’s old mother

Question 7.
The truth must be told.
The farmer

Question 8.
He listened and meditated in silence.
The governor of shining

Question 9.
Shining needs more than the strength of the youth.
The governor of shining

Question 10.
With the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom.
The governor of shining

Question 1.
This caused him to send out a proclamation.
The governor

Question 2.
She stretched forth her hand and snapping the twigs from brushes as they passed, and dropped them.
The farmer’s mother

Question 3.
“The mountain road is full of dangers”.
The farmer’s mother

Question 4.
‘Oh, honorable mother, your kindness breaks by heart!’
The poor farmer

Question 5.
His demand was that his subjects should present him with a rope of ashes.
The governor

Question 6.
“Make a rope of twisted straw”.
The farmer’s mother

Question 7.
He demanded to know where he had obtained his wisdom.
The governor

E. Choose the appropriate answer and fill in the blanks.

1. Shining was governed by a ______leader.
(a) strict
(b) kind
(c) cruel
(d) diplomatic.
(c) cruel

2. The ________ was the principal food for the poor.
(a) wheat
(b) brown rice
(c) unwhitened rice
(d) millet.
(c) unwhitened rice

3. The road was crossed and re-crossed by many path made by the .
(a) hunters and woodcutters
(b) robbers and thieves
(d) wildlife photographers and trekkers
(a) hunters and woodcutters

4. Gathering _____ he made a soft cushion and tenderly lifted his old mother onto it.
(a) dry leaves
(b) fallen pine
(c) broken twigs
(d) flowers
(b) fallen pine

5. The governor demanded that his subjects should present him with a _______.
(b) rope of ashes
(c) flesh of animals
(d) bag of silverwares
(b) rope of ashes

Complete the following sentences choosing correct answers from the options.

1. The custom of abandoning old people to die was not _______.
(a) common
(b) illegal
(c) uncommon
(c) uncommon

2. The order filled his heart with _______.
(a) happiness
(b) sorrow
(c) gaiety
(d) bliss
(b) sorrow

3. The eyes of the old mother were not so .
(a) bright
(b) lucid
(c) shiny
(d) dim
(d) dim

4. The path was dotted with tiny piles of twigs.
(a) wide
(b) extensive
(c) narrow
(d) spacious
(c) narrow

5. The mother s voice was full of unselfish love.
(a) calming
(b) trembling
(d) lasting
(b) trembling

6. “Let not thine eyes be
(a) inspected
(b) observed
(c) outlooked
(d) blinded
(d) blinded

7. The son’s eyes looked back over the path.
(a) surprised
(b) tired
(c) bored
(d) drained
(a) surprised

8. “Together we will follow the path of twigs, and together we will
(a) live
(b) survive
(c) die
(d) stay
(c) die

9. Once more he shouldered his burden and down the path.
(a) delayed
(b) hastened
(c) slowed
(d) dragged
(b) hastened

10. The governor was at the wit of the youth.
(a) disgusted
(b) annoyed
(c) dejected

### The Aged Mother Additional Questions

I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate phrases.

1. Long, long ago, there lived (i)______ of the mountain a (ii) ______ and his aged,(iii)_______ . They owned a bit of land which (iv) _______ them with food, and they were humble (v) ______.
(a) peaceful and happy
(b) widowed mother
(c) supplied
(d) at the foot
(e) poor farmer
(i) (d) at the foot
(ii) (e) poor farmer
(iii) (b) widowed mother
(iv) (c) supplied
(v) (a) peaceful and happy

The country (i)______ was governed by a (ii) ________who thought (iii) _______, had a great and cowardly (iv)______ from anything suggestive of failing (v)______ and strength.
(a) warrior
(b) shrinking
(c) shining
(d) health
(i) (c) shining
(iii) (a) warrior
(iv) (b) shrinking
(v) (d) health

3. The poor farmer loved his (i) with tender (ii)_____ and the order filled his (iii)_____ But no one ever thought twice about obeying (iv)_______ of the (v) ______.
(a) reverence
(b) the mandate
(c) governor
(d) aged mother
(e) heart with sorrow
(i) (d) aged mother
(ii) (a) reverence
(iii) (e) heart with sorrow
(iv) (b) the mandate
(v) (c) governor

4. The eyes of the old matter were not (i) _______ but that they noted the reckless hastening from one (ii) ______, and her loving heart (iii) ______ . Her son did not know the mountain’s (iv) _____and his return might be (v)______ .
(a) path to another
(b) so dim
(c) many paths
(d) one of dangers
(e)grew anxious
(i) (b) so dim
(ii) (a) path to another
(iii) (e)grew anxious
(iv) (c) many paths
(v) (d) one of dangers

II Match the following.

1.
e
i. – (d)
ii. – (c)
iii. – (e)
iv. – (b)
v. – (a)

2.

i. – (c)
ii. – (e)
iii. – (d)
iv. – (b)
v. – (a)

III. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.

1. The country Shining was governed by a despotic leader who though a warrior, had a great and cowardly shrinking from anything suggestive of failing health and strength. This caused him to send out a cruel proclamation. The entire province was given strict orders to immediately put to death all aged people. Those were barbarous days, and the custom of abandoning old people to die was not uncommon. The poor farmer loved his aged mother with tender reverence, and the order filled his heart with sorrow. But no one ever thought twice about obeying the mandate of the governor, so with many deep and hopeless sighs, the youth prepared for what at that time was considered the kindest mode of death.

(a) By whom was the country Shining governed?
It was governed by a despotic leader.

(b) What did the governor proclaim?
He proclaimed that all the aged people should be put to death.

Yes, the custom was common in those days.

(d) How did the poor farmer love his mother?
The poor farmer loved his aged mother with tender reverence.

(e) What filled him with sorrow?
The order filled him with sorrow.

2. Just at sundown, when his day’s work was ended, he took a quantity of unwhitened rice which was the principal food for the poor, and he cooked, dried it, and tied it in a square cloth, which he swung in a bundle around his neck along with a gourd filled with cool, sweet water.

Then he lifted his helpless old mother to his back and started on his painful journey up the mountain. The road was long and steep; the narrow road was crossed and re-crossed by many paths made by the hunters and woodcutters. In some place, they lost and confuse, but he gave no heed. One path or another, it mattered not. On he went, climbing blindly upward — ever upward towards the high bare summit of what is known as Obatsuyama, the mountain of the “abandoning of the aged”.

(a) When did he start his journey to the mountain?
He started his journey at sunset,

(b) What did he carry for his mother?
He carried some cooked unwhitened rice and some cool sweet water.

(c) How was the road on his journey?
The road was long and steep.

The hunters and the woodcutters made many paths.

(e) What was the name of the mountain?
It was named as Obatsuyama.

3. Once more he shouldered his burden (how light it seemed now) and hastened down the path, through the shadows and the moonlight, to the little hut in the valley. Beneath the kitchen floor was a walled closet for food, which was covered and hidden from view. There the son hid his mother, supplying her with everything she needed, continually watching and fearing she would be discovered. Time passed, and he was beginning to feel safe when again the governor sent forth heralds bearing an unreasonable order, seemingly as a boast of his power. His demand was that his subjects should present him with a rope of ashes.

(a) Where was the walled closet?
The walled closet was beneath the kitchen floor.

(b) Was it covered and hidden from view?
Yes, it was covered and hidden from view.

(c) Where did he hide his mother?
He hid his mother in the walled closet beneath the kitchen – floor.

(d) What was that feared him?
He feared that his mother would be discovered.

(e) What did the governor demand for?
He demanded that his subjects should present him with a rope of ashes.

IV. Mind map

1.

(ii) demanded
(iii) must be told
(iv) meditated in silence
(v) strength of youth

2.

(i) blinded
(ii) full of dangers
(iii) familiar path
(iv) looked back
(v) cried aloud

3.

(i) so dim
(ii) reckless hastening
(iii) return
(iv) snapping the twigs
(v) climbed

The Aged Mother By Matsuo Basho

Matsuo Basho was a 17th century Japanese poet, considered to be Jfce, gate’s*, master V\\& ‘WavVxx’ – a. ‘staoft focm .
In Japan, many of his poems are seen on monuments and traditional sites. Basho was introduced to poetry at a young age and he quickly became well-known throughout Japan. He was a teacher at first. Later, he travelled throughout the country to gain inspiration for his writing. He died at the age of 50 on 28th November 1694.

The Aged Mother Main Characters:

The Governor – The country Shining Cruel leader Cruel proclamation Demanded rope of ashes
Poor farmer – loved his mother Heart with sorrow Climbed the mountain
Aged mother – dropped piles of twigs
Obatsuyama – Abandoning of the aged High bare summit

The Aged Mother Key Points

• This story is a folktale from Japan.
• The Country Shining was governed by a cruel leader.
• The governor proclaimed an order that all the aged people should be put to death/;
• The order filled a poor farmer with great sorrow, as he loved his mother so much.
• He decided to give his mother a kind mode of death.
• So he took his mother to the summit of Obatsuyama and planned to leave her there.
• The loving mother dropped some twigs on the path to serve as a guide on the way back.
• When the son bid farewell to her, she advised to be careful of the dangerous mountain path.
• She told him to follow the piles of twigs for his way back.
• Hearing this, her son’s heart, melted and he cried loudly.
• He changed his decision. He did not want to leave her at the mountain.
• He took his mother back and hid her in his house.
• Time passed. The governor now demanded that his subjects should present him with a rope of ashes.
• Using the clever idea of his mother, the farmer made a rope of ashes.
• The governor pleased with his knowledge, asked him how he got this wisdom.
• When the farmer stated the truth, die governor realized his mistake and abolished the cruel law.

The Aged Mother Summary

The story of the aged mother is a folk-tale from Japan. The governor proclaimed a law ordering that all the aged people should be put to death. The order filled the heart of the poor farmer with great sorrow because he loved his mother so much. Instead of putting his mother to death in the hand of a cruel law, he decided to give his mother a kind mode of death. He took his mother to the bare summit of Obatsuyama and planned to leave her there. On their way to the mountain, the heart of the loving mother grew anxious. It was because she knew that her son would have a hard time finding his way back. He was not familiar with the mountain paths.

So, she snapped the twigs of the bushes on their way and dropped them silently on the path to serve as a guide on the way back for her son. When the son reached the summit, he bid her farewell. She advised her son to follow the path of twigs to find his way back home. This attitude of his mother broke his heart and he cried loudly. He took her back home saying that together they can follow the path of twigs and together they can die. He hid his mother on a walled closet beneath the kitchen.

Time passed. One day, the governor again demanded the people of the valley to present him with a rope of ashes. His mother gave him a clever idea to the despaired farmer. She told him to make a rope of twisted straw and burn it on a windless night. The cruel ruler was pleased with what he had witnessed and asked the farmer where he had obtained that wisdom. The farmer stated all the truth to him. The governor listened and meditated in silence. He decided to abolish the cruel law and realised the importance of the elders to shape the
society. He said “with the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom”.

The Aged Mother Glossary

abandon (v) – desert, give up completely
abolished – put an end to
barbarous (adj.) – extremely brutal or mercilessly harsh
blaze – flame
boast – talk with excessive pride
distress – sorrow
drifted – to be carried along by the currents of air or water
hastened – hurried
heralds – forerunners
injunction (n) – an order restraining someone from performing an act
mandate (n) – an official order
proclamation (n) – announcement
province – district
reverence (n) – deep respect
shouldered – carried
shriveled (adj.) – wrinkled and contracted due to old age or due to strain
summit (n) – the topmost point of a hill or mountain

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 Maths Solutions

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and Functions

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Numbers and Sequences

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 Algebra

• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.1
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.2
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.3
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.4
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.5
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.6
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.7
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.8
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.9
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.10
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.11
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.12
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.13
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.14
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.15
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.16
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.17
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.18
• Chapter 3 Algebra Ex 3.19
• Chapter 3 Algebra Unit Exercise 3
• Chapter 3 Algebra Additional Questions

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 Maths Chapter 4 Geometry

• Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.1
• Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.2
• Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.3
• Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.4
• Chapter 4 Geometry Ex 4.5
• Chapter 4 Geometry Unit Exercise 4
• Chapter 4 Geometry Additional Questions

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry

• Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Ex 5.1
• Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Ex 5.2
• Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Ex 5.3
• Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Ex 5.4
• Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Ex 5.5
• Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Unit Exercise 5
• Chapter 5 Coordinate Geometry Additional Questions

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 Maths Chapter 6 Trigonometry

• Chapter 6 Trigonometry Ex 6.1
• Chapter 6 Trigonometry Ex 6.2
• Chapter 6 Trigonometry Ex 6.3
• Chapter 6 Trigonometry Ex 6.4
• Chapter 6 Trigonometry Ex 6.5
• Chapter 6 Trigonometry Unit Exercise 6
• Chapter 6 Trigonometry Additional Questions

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 Maths Chapter 7 Mensuration

• Chapter 7 Mensuration Ex 7.1
• Chapter 7 Mensuration Ex 7.2
• Chapter 7 Mensuration Ex 7.3
• Chapter 7 Mensuration Ex 7.4
• Chapter 7 Mensuration Ex 7.5
• Chapter 7 Mensuration Unit Exercise 7
• Chapter 7 Mensuration Additional Questions

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Statistics and Probability

• Chapter 8 Statistics and Probability Ex 8.1
• Chapter 8 Statistics and Probability Ex 8.2
• Chapter 8 Statistics and Probability Ex 8.3
• Chapter 8 Statistics and Probability Ex 8.4
• Chapter 8 Statistics and Probability Ex 8.5
• Chapter 8 Statistics and Probability Unit Exercise 8
• Chapter 8 Statistics and Probability Additional Questions

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Pamphlet Creation

♦ Pamphlet Creation (Text Book Page No.: 198)

Pamphlet :

• A Pamphlet is a small booklet or leaflet containing information or arguments about a single subject. 4?
• They are helpful in presenting information in a more attractive way and also easily accessible and economical to distribute.
• They are generally used for describing the product or instructions, commercial information, promotion of events or promoting tourism.

How To Create A Pamphlet :

• Step 1 : Finalise your text
• Step 2 : Choose a layout
• Step 3 : Add appropriate images
• Step 4 : Ensure your pamphlet is cohesive and appealing

Exercises

Pamphlet Creation :

Question 1.
Prepare a pamphlet to be distributed for students at a career guidance program for tenth standard students

Question 2.
a pamphlet for the blood donation event.

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 English Solutions

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Poster Making

Poster Making (Text Book Page No.: 170)

What is a poster?
Posters are placards displayed in a public place announcing or advertising something. Posters are notices, advertisements and invitations – all in one.

What is the purpose of a Poster?
It is to create social awareness about current problems and needs, or to advertise or invite and display something.

Layout of a poster

• It should be attractive, colorful and tempting
• The title should be catchy
• Slogans or jingles should be used
• Sketches or simple drawings may be used
• Letters may be of different sizes and shapes
• Proper spacing should be given

Content of a poster:

• The theme or subject
• Descriptions along with it
• Essentials like time, date, venue etc. to be given, in case of an event
• Names of issuing authority/ organisation to be given

Expression of Poster:

• Slogans/ phrases can be used
• Sequencing to be correct
• Creativity to be appreciated

Exercise

Poster Making:

Question 1.
Design a poster for a fine art exhibition.

Question 2.
Prepare a poster on water pollution.
Stop Water Pollution

Question 3.
Design a poster to create awareness on reading.

Tamilnadu Board Class 10 English Solutions

## Tamilnadu State Board Class 10 English Message Writing

♦ Message Writing (Text Book Page No.: 140-141)

A Message is an informal means of communication. The receiver of the message has to sift through the given message and pick out the most vital bits of information.

Then, he/she should be able to reproduce that information in order to convey it to the person for whom it is intended.

Format :

• Date:
• Time:
• Name of person to whom the message is directed
• Body of the message
• Name of the writer

Points to remember :

• While writing the body of the message, the following points have to be kept in mind
• Only the most important details should be written.
• No new information should be added.
• Grammatically correct sentences should be used.
• Indirect or reported speech should be used.
• The message should be presented within a box.
• The word limit for a message is 50 words (only the words in the body of the notice are counted).

Example :
Riya, a student of class ten, is instructed by her teacher to convey to her classmates about the English Literary club competitions which are to be held on 09.04.2019 in a nearby Government school.

MESSAGE

 03 April 2019 Dear friends our teacher has asked me to inform all of you about the English Literary club competitions to be held on 9th of April at the nearby Government Higher Secondary School. Kindly get permission from your parents to attend the event. If you wish to participate in the competitions contact me at the earliest. Srikanth

Exercise:

Draft a message on the following situations.

1. The following is a telephonic conversation between Venkat and his sister. As Venkat’s sister had to leave for her dance classes, she leaves a message for her mother. Write the message in not more than 50 words.
Venkat : Can I speak to mom?
Veen : She has gone out
Venkat : I have to leave for Coimbatore tomorrow at 4 a.m. forthe Inter-School Football Match. Please ask her to get my bag packed as I will be back home late in the evening after practice.
Veen : I will.

MESSAGE

 12th April, 2019 Mom, Venkat called up to inform that he has to leave for Coimbatore tomorrow at 4 a.m. for Inter-School Football Match. You are requested to pack his bag as he will return home late in the evening after his football practice. Veena.

2. Read the conversation between Sam and Joseph. Sam was going out and so he left a message for his father. Write the message in about 50 words.
Joseph : Can I speak to Mr. Simon?
Sam : I am sorry He is out of station.
Joseph : When is he expected back?
Sam : He will be home by tomorrow evening
Joseph : Could you please remind him that Anil’s wedding is on March 30th? We had planned to go together. But since my son is in hospital, I will not be going for the wedding. George is free and he can join him. Tell him to give me a ring when he returns.
Sam : Sure, uncle.
Joseph : Thank you, Sam.

MESSAGE

 27th March,2019, Dad, Mr. Joseph called to remind you that Anil’s wedding is on 30th March. He and you had planned earlier to go together. But due to hospitalisation of his son, he will not be able to go for the wedding. You can accompany Mr George for the occasion. Call him when you are back. Sam.

3. Imagine you are Geetha. Read the following conversation and write a suitable message for jour mother in 50-60 words.
Anitha : Hi! I’m Anitha on the line. Is aunty at home?
Geetha : No. she has gone to visit my grandparents. Is there any problem?
Anitha : No, I just wanted to inform her that we have a special ‘Havan’ tomorrow at 9 a.m. at out Place. My mother has specially invited all of you.
Geetha : Okay. Thanks! I’ll inform her and we will definitely come.