The compilation of these International Business Notes makes students exam preparation simpler and organised.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organisation (WTO)
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) are quite popular institutions. These institutions stand out as truly newsworthy over the globe. Understanding these institutions and their missions will give us more prominent knowledge of how these associations help to shape the worldwide economy and international trade.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the second global institution alongside the World Bank. IMF which appeared in 1945 has its home office situated in Washington DC. In 2005, it had 191 nations as its members. The real thought behind the setting up of the IMF was to develop an orderly international monetary system, i.e., the encouraging system of global payment and adjustments in exchange rates among national currencies.
Functions of IMF
- To look after the development of legal growth of global businesses and to play a part in the advancement and growth of a large amount of employment and genuine income.
- To empower trade quality keeping in mind to maintain systematic trade in the midst of member nations.
- Help in establishing a multilateral arrangement of fund exchange with respect to show transactions between members.
Objectives of IMF
- Give global cooperation through a permanent organization.
- To encourage the extension of the balanced development of global trade and to encourage and keep up the large level of employment and genuine income.
- Encourage trade dependability with a goal to keep up systematic trade techniques among member nations.
- Aid the foundation of a multilateral system of payment in regard to present transactions between members.
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
WTO was set up on 1st January 1995. The headquarter of WTO is located in Geneva, Switzerland. It is a permanent institution made by a global arrangement redressed by the Governments and legs of members of states. Its purpose is solving and managing trade issues among nations and providing a forum for multilateral trade arrangements.
It has 153 members. All choices are taken consistently yet the major financial powers, for example, the US, EU and Japan have figured out how to utilize the WTO to outline guidelines of trade and how to propel their own benefits. The underdeveloped and developing nations complain of non-transparent methods and being pushed around by big powerful nations.
Functions of WTO
- It sets aside hindrances of global exchange.
- To go about as a dispute settlement body.
- Guarantees that all of the guidelines endorsed in the Act are properly followed by the member nations for the settlement of their disputes.
- Setting out an acknowledged set of regulations for global trade.
- To counsel different institutions to acquire a better understanding and cooperation of worldwide economic policymaking.
Objectives of WTO
The fundamental targets of WTO are like those of GATT, i.e., raising the standard of life and earnings, guaranteeing full employment, growing production and trade, and ideal utilization of the earth’s resources. The significant distinction between the objectives of GATT and WTO is that the goals of WTO are more particular and furthermore stretch out the extent of WTO to cover trade in services.
WTO goals, in addition, discussion of the possibility of ‘practical improvement’ in connection to the best utilization of the world’s resources in order to guarantee safety and safeguarding of the environment. Keeping in view the above discourse, we can state all the more expressly the real objectives of WTO are as follows:
- Guarantees a discount on tariffs and other trade obstructions forced by various nations;
- To participate in such operations which enhance the standard of living, generate employment, the increment in income and viable demand, and encourage higher productivity and trade;
- Encourages the ideal utilization of the world’s resources for sustainable development; and
- Promotes a coordinated, more feasible, and durable exchanging network
Benefits of WTO
Since its commencement in 1995, WTO has made some amazing progress in constituting the legitimate and institutional establishment of the present-day multilateral business framework. It has been instrumental in encouraging trade, as well as in enhancing expectations for living standards and participation among member nations. A portion of the real benefits of WTO are as follows:
- WTO advances global peace and encourages global business.
- All disputes between members countries are settled with mutual meetings.
- Guidelines make global trade and relations extremely smooth and predictable. Unhindered trade enhances the expectation for the standard of living of the general population by expanding their income level.
- The unhindered trade gives abundant scope for getting a variety of quality products.
- Trade development has been fastened on account of free trade.
- The framework empowers good governments.
- WTO help to encouraging the development of developing nations by furnishing them with preferential and special treatment in trade-related issues.
Examples:
Question 1.
Explain the International Monetary Fund.
Answer:
Worldwide Monetary Fund (IMF) is the second global institution alongside the World Bank. IMF which appeared in 1945 has its home office situated in Washington DC. In 2005, it had 191 nations as its members. The real thought behind the setting up the IMF was to develop an orderly international monetary system, i.e., the encouraging system of global payment and adjustments in exchange rates among national currencies.
Question 2.
IMF has ____ members and WTO has ____ members.
a. 191 and 153
b. 153 and 191
c. 182 and 175
d. 119 and 135
Answer:
IMF has 191 members and WTO has 153 members.