Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.
Clauses Exercises With Answers for Class 8 CBSE PDF
A clause is a group of words that forms part of a sentence and has a subject and a predicate or a finite verb of its own.
Example:
- This is the house where I was born.
- Clauses are of three kinds.
Noun Clauses
The noun clause does the work of a noun in the sentence. It is introduced by the following connectives:
a. Pronouns: who, what, which, whom whose
Example:
- I know what he wants.
b. Adverbs: when, where, why, how
Examples:
- I asked him where he was going.
- I don’t know why he tells lies.
c. Conjunctions: that, whether, if
Examples:
- I think that Shreya is speaking the truth.
- I asked her whether she wanted to see a film.
- That he is lazy is known to all.
A noun clause may be used:
a. as a subject:
- What you heard is not the truth.
- Whether she will come is not known.
b. as a compliment:
- I think that he is very cunning.
- I do not know where he lives.
c. in apposition:
- The rumor that the elections will be called off.
- It is sure that Mohit will top the competition.
Adverb Clauses
The adverb clause functions as an adverb, i.e, it modifies verbs. Therefore an adverb clause may appear anywhere in a sentence. They tell why, where, under what conditions, or to what degree the action occurred or situation existed. Unlike adjective clauses, they are frequently movable within the sentence. Example: Because it is raining hard, all of us will stay at home. Adverb clauses may be classified as adverb clauses of Condition, Time, Place, Reason, Manner, Purpose etc.
Adverbial clauses of condition
There are four types of conditionals.
| Type | Example | Form | Use | |
| Conditional | Main | |||
| Cause and Effect | Water turns to steam when you boil it. | If/Whcn + 1st form of verb |
Subject + 1st form of verb |
To describe a general truth, laws or habitual reactions. To describe scientific facts |
| Open Present condition | If I meet him, I will give him your message. |
If + noun/ pronoun + 1st form of verb | Subject + will/ may/might + 1st form of verb | To describe something that is likely to happen in a given situation |
| Improbable condition | If I had the time, I would go for a cruise. |
If + Noun/ pronoun + Illrd form of verb | Noun/pronoun + would/might + 1st form of verb | To describe something in a real situation that is unlikely to happen or which is not about reality |
| Impossible condition | If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you. | If + Noun/ pronoun + had + Illrd form of verb | Noun/pronoun + would/might + have + Illrd form of verb | To speculate about the past expressing regret, criticism or relief |
Adverbial Clauses Of Time
Adverbial clauses of time are often called “time clauses’. These clauses are introduced by the following subordinating conjunctions: when, before, until, since, than, as, the moment, till, as soon as, after
Examples:
- I met her when she visited India.
- We will finish before the teachers asks for it.
- She was washing clothes while I was watching TV.
Adverbial Clauses Of Place
Adverbial clauses of place show the time of action. These clauses are introduced by the following subordinating conjunctions: where, wherever, whither, whence, etc.
Examples:
- Wherever Mary went, her lamb would follow.
- I want to go to a place where there is no traffic.
Adverbial Clauses Of Purpose
Adverbial clauses of purpose show the purpose or the reason behind an action. These clauses are introduced by the following subordinating conjunctions: that, so that, in order that, lest.
Examples:
- Look after yourself lest you fall ill.
- Work hard so that you succeed.
Adverbial Clauses Of Reason
Adverbial clauses of reason give the reason of an action. These clauses are introduced by the following subordinating conjunctions: since, because, for, as, that
Examples:
- Because he was hard of hearing, he used hearing aids.
- Since you are leaving tomorrow, I will help you pack.
Adverbial Clauses Of Manner
Adverbial clauses of manner give the manner in which an action takes place. These clauses are introduced by the following subordinating conjunctions: as, as…so, as if, as though
Examples:
- Gaurav will do as he is told.
- I treat my pets as though they are my family.
Adverb Clauses Of Result
Adverbial clauses of result show the consequence or result of an action. These clauses are introduced by the following subordinating conjunction: that
Note: Adverbial clause of result may be preceded by so/such in the Principal Clause.
Examples:
- He is so naughty that nobody wants him around.
- He talked so well that everyone wanted to befriend him.
Adverbial Clauses Of Comparison
Adverbial clauses of comparison compare two actions or objects. These clauses are introduced by the following subordinating conjunctions: than, as
Examples:
- Mini’s brother is not as kind as he is.
- The tallest boy in the class is not taller than Rahul
Adverbial Clauses Of Contrast
Adverbial clauses of contrast show the difference between two actions or objects. These clauses are introduced by the following subordinating conjunctions: though, although, even if, however, all the same
Examples:
- Though she is poor, he is educated.
- Even though he worked hard, he could not qualify for the test.
Relative Clauses
A relative clause modifies a noun or pronoun by providing extra information. Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that, whose). Relative clauses can either be restrictive or non-restrictive.
1. Restrictive Relative Clauses: A restrictive relative clause is essential in order to complete the meaning of the main clause.
Example:
- This house that I was talking about.
2. Non-restrictive Relative Clauses: A non-restrictive relative clause adds definition to the main clause, but is not necessary for meaning. Non-restrictive relative clauses are set off by commas.
Example:
- That man, with the blue coat, is my uncle.
A. Combine the following sentences to form adverbial clauses as directed.
1. You may run fast. You will not be able to catch up with him.
However hard ………………………………………………………………..
2. He took a taxi to reach the airport. He missed the flight.
Though ………………………………………………………………..
3. The alarm rang. The staff ran out.
As soon as ………………………………………………………………..
4. He took the umbrella. It was raining
As ………………………………………………………………..
5. You must do. You are told.
……………………………………………………………….. (use ‘what)
6. I shall not make friends with her. What she does will not matter.
Whatever ………………………………………………………………..
7. Ram could not walk. He had hurt his foot.
……………………………………………………………….. (use ‘as’)
8. We pray. There is peace all over the world.
……………………………………………………………….. (use ‘that’)
9. He is so rude. He has no friends.
……………………………………………………………….. (use ‘that)
10. Walk carefully. Do not slip in the muddy water.
……………………………………………………………….. (use ‘in case’)
Answer:
1. You may run hard. You will not be able to meet him.
However fast you may run, you will not be able to catch up with him.
2. He took a taxi to reach the airport. He missed the flight.
Though he took a taxi to reach the airport, he missed the flight.
3. The alarm rang. The staff ran out.
As soon as the alarm rang, the staff ran out.
4. He took the umbrella. It was raining
As it was raining, he took the umbrella.
5. You must do You are told.
You must do what you are told, (use ‘what’)
7. Ram could not walk. He had hurt his foot.
As Ram had hurt his foot, he could not walk. (use ‘as’)
9. He is so rude. He has no friends.
He is so rude that he has no friends, (use ‘that’)
10. Walk carefully. Do not slip in the muddy water.
Walk carefully in case you dlip in the muddy water. (use ‘in case’)
B. Complete the sentence using the hints given in brackets. You may add words on your own, whenever necessary.
Question 1.
He is the man …………………………….. (arrested/robbery).
Answer:
He is the man who was arrested for the robbery (arrested/robbery).
Question 2.
The boy, …………………………….. (blond hair), is my friend.
Answer:
The boy, who has blond hair (blond hair) is my friend.
Question 3.
Sonal (Principal scolded) …………………………….. for being naughty.
Answer:
Sonal (Principal scolded) was scolded by the Principal for being naughty.
Question 4.
This is the house, (I/childhood) ……………………………. .
Answer:
This is the house, (I/childhood) where I spent mv childhood.
Question 5.
The place …………………………….. (with historical monuments) near Mysore.
Answer:
The place which has many historical monuments is (with historical monuments) near Mysore.
Question 6.
This is the book …………………………….. (read yesterday).
Answer:
This is the book that I read yesterday, (read yesterday).
Question 7.
I do not know …………………………….. (she/returning)?
Answer:
I do not know by what time she is returning (she/retuming).
Question 8.
Childhood is the time …………………………….. (learn new skills).
Answer:
Childhood is the time when a child learns new skills, (learn new skills).
C. Complete the following passages using the clauses given in the boxes.
Question 1.
The city was plunged in darkness. The little boy did not know ………………………………… . He was accompanied by his sister ………………………………… . He knew he was being followed by criminals. But he did not know ………………………………… . He told his sister ………………………………… .
| where he should go how to escape from them that they should hide for the night who could barely walk |
Answer:
The city was plunged in darkness. The little boy did not know where he should go. He was accompanied by his sister who could barely walk. He knew he was being followed by criminals. But he did not know how to escape from them. He told his sister that they should hide for the night.
Question 2.
The Survey revealed ………………………………… . This is chiefly because the land scarcity and rising cost of material ………………………………… . The planners’ concern is ………………………………… . so that the poor can buy houses. It is the duty of the government to see ………………………………… .
| that everybody get basic amenities how to make housing affordable that the poor suffer the most makes buying a house rather difficult |
Answer:
The Survey revealed that the poor suffer the most. This is chiefly because the land scarcity and rising cost of material which makes buying a house rather difficult. The planners’ concern is how to make housing affordable so that the poor can buy houses. It is the duty of the government to see that everyone gets basic amenities.
Question 3.
I am looking forward to my visit to Agra ………………………………… .
I am also very eager to see the Taj Mahal, ………………………………… .
My mother has booked a cab ………………………………… .
I have no idea ………………………………… .
| how to reach there where my grandmother lives that will take me there which is one of the wonders of the world |
Answer:
I am looking forward to my visit to Agra where my grandmother lives. I am also very eager to see the Taj Mahal, which is one of the wonders of the world. My mother has booked a cab for me that will take me there. I have no idea how to reach there.