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Atoms Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers
Question 1.
A spectral line is emitted when an electron
(a) jumps from lover orbit to higher orbit.
(b) jumps from higher orbit to lower orbit.
(c) rotates in a circular orbit.
(d) rotates in an elliptical orbit.
Answer
Answer: (b) jumps from higher orbit to lower orbit.
Question 2.
The ionisation potential of hydrogen is 13.6 V. The energy of the atom in n = 2 state will be
(a) -10.2 eV
(b) -6.4eV
(c) – 3.4 eV
(d) – 4.4 eV
Answer
Answer: (c) – 3.4 eV
Question 3.
At the time of total solar eclipse, the spectrum of solar radiation would be
(a) a large number of dark Fraunhoffer lines
(b) a small number of dark Fraunhofer lines.
(c) All Fraunhofer lines changed into brilliant colours.
(d) None of these.
Answer
Answer: (c) All Fraunhofer lines changed into brilliant colours.
Question 4.
The adjoining figure indicates the energy levels of a certain atom when the system moves from 2 E to E level, a photon of wavelength λ is emitted. The wavelength of photon produced during its transition from \(\frac {4E}{3}\) to E is
(a) \(\frac {λ}{3}\)
(b) \(\frac {3λ}{4}\)
(c) \(\frac {4λ}{3}\)
(d) 3λ
Answer
Answer: (d) 3λ
Question 5.
A hydrogen atom is in the p-state. For this, values of J are
(a) \(\frac {5}{2}\), \(\frac {3}{2}\), \(\frac {1}{2}\)
(b) \(\frac {3}{2}\), \(\frac {1}{2}\)
(c) –\(\frac {1}{2}\),\(\frac {1}{2}\), \(\frac {3}{2}\)
(d) –\(\frac {1}{2}\), \(\frac {-3}{2}\)
Answer
Answer: (b) \(\frac {3}{2}\), \(\frac {1}{2}\)
Question 6.
Energy levels A, B, C of a certain atom correspond to increasing value of energy i.e., EA > EB > EC. If λ1, λ2 and λ3 are the wavelengths of radiation corresponding to transition C to B, B to A and C to A respectively, which of these of the following is correct?
(a) λ3 = λ1 +d λ2
(b) λ3 = \(\frac {λ_1λ_2}{λ_1+λ_2}\)
(c) λ1 + λ2 + λ3 = 0
(d) λ\(_{3}^{2}\) = λ\(_{1}^{2}\) and λ\(_{2}^{2}\)
Answer
Answer: (b) λ3 = \(\frac {λ_1λ_2}{λ_1+λ_2}\)
Question 7.
In Rutherford’s scattering experiment with gold foil, 232 counts per minute are observed at an angle of 60°. The number of counts/min. at an angle of 120° will be
(A) 232
(b) 116
(c) 26
(d) 52
Answer
Answer: (c) 26
Question 8.
In an atom, the two electrons move round the nucleus in circular orbits of radii R and 4R. The ratio of the times taken by them to complete one revolution is
(a) \(\frac {1}{8}\)
(b) \(\frac {1}{4}\)
(c) 4
(d) 8
Answer
Answer: (a) \(\frac {1}{8}\)
Question 9.
The ratio of the energies of the hydrogen atom in its first to second excited state is :
(a) \(\frac {1}{4}\)
(b) \(\frac {4}{9}\)
(c) \(\frac {9}{4}\)
(d) 4.
Answer
Answer: (c) \(\frac {9}{4}\)
Question 10.
In Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom, the ratio between the period of revolution of an electron in the orbit n = 1 to the period of revolution of electron in the orbit n = 2 is
(a) \(\frac {1}{2}\)
(b) \(\frac {1}{4}\)
(c) \(\frac {1}{8}\)
(d) 2.
Answer
Answer: (c) \(\frac {1}{8}\)
Question 11.
According to Bohr’s theory, the radius of electron in an orbit described by the principal quantum number n and the atomic number Z is propotional to :
(a) Z²n²
(b) \(\frac {Z^2}{n^2}\)
(c) \(\frac {Z^2}{n}\)
(d) \(\frac {n^2}{Z}\)
Answer
Answer: (d) \(\frac {n^2}{Z}\)
Question 12.
The electron in hydrogen atom jumps from the 3rd orbit to second orbit. The wavelength X of the emitted radiations is
(a) \(\frac {36}{5R}\)
(b) \(\frac {5}{36}\)R
(c) \(\frac {5}{R}\)
(d) \(\frac {R}{6}\)
Answer
Answer: (a) \(\frac {36}{5R}\)
Question 13.
To explain fine structure of spectrum of hydrogen atom, we must consider.
(a) a finite size of nucleus.
(b) the presence of neutrons in the nucleus.
(c) spin angular momentum.
(d) orbital angular momentum.
Answer
Answer: (b) the presence of neutrons in the nucleus.
Question 14.
The ratio of the energy of the electron in first orbit to that in the second orbit is
(a) \(\frac {1}{4}\)
(b) \(\frac {1}{2}\)R
(c) 2
(d) 4
Answer
Answer: (d) 4
Question 15.
When an electron jumps from some outer orb it to the innermost orbit in the hydrogen atom, the spectral line belongs to
(a) Lyman series
(b) Balmer series
(c) Paschen series
(d) Pfund series
Answer
Answer: (a) Lyman series
Question 16.
How does the energy difference between two consecutive energy levels vary on the quantum number n increases?
(a) does not change
(b) decrases
(c) increases
(d) may increase or decrease.
Answer
Answer: (b) decrases
Question 17.
According to classical theory, Rutherford atom is
(a) stable
(b) unstable
(c) metastable
(d) semistable
Answer
Answer: (b) unstable
Question 18.
For an electron orbit to be non-radiating, it should be
(a) such that the angular momentum should be integral multiple of h.
(b) circular in nature
(c) elliptical in nature
(d) none of these
Answer
Answer: (a) such that the angular momentum should be integral multiple of h.
Question 19.
Which of the following type ot radiation is not emitted by the electronic structure of atoms :
(a) X-rays
(b) Visible light
(c) γ-rays
(d) Ultraviolet light.
Answer
Answer: (c) γ-rays
Question 20.
If the electron in hydrogen atoms is excited to n = 5 state, the number of different frequencies of radiation which may be emitted is:
(a) 4
(b) 10
(c) 8
(d) 5
Answer
Answer: (b) 10
Question 21.
The ratio of the angular momentum of an electron in first orbit to that in the second orbit is
(a) \(\frac {1}{2}\)
(b) \(\frac {1}{4}\)
(c) 4
(d) 2
Answer
Answer: (a) \(\frac {1}{2}\)
Fill in the Blanks
Question 1
………………… of the electron in the orbit signifies that the electron and nucleus is a bound system.
Answer
Answer: Negative energy.
Question 2.
The ………………… lies in the infrared region of the spectrum.
Answer
Answer: Paschen series.
Question 3.
Lyman series lies in the ………………… region of spectrum and Balmer series lies in the ………………… of the spectrum.
Answer
Answer: Ultraviolet, visible region.
Question 4.
The difference of energy levels goes on ………………… as we move towards higher energy levels.
Answer
Answer: decreasing.
Question 5.
Separation between the orbits goes on ………………… as we move towards higher orbits.
Answer
Answer: increasing.
Question 6.
The radius of the first orbit of hydrogen atom is ………………… times the radius of first orbit of a H-like helium atom.
Answer
Answer: two.
Question 7.
The minimum energy required to excite a hydrogen atom from its ground state is …………………
Answer
Answer: 10.2 eV.
Question 8.
In a hydrogen atom, the electron moves in an orbit of radius 0.5 Å making 1016 revolutions per second. The magnetic dipole moment associated with the orbital motion of the electron is …………………
Answer
Answer: 256 × 10-23 Am².
Question 9.
Band spectrum is produced by the substance in ………………… state.
Answer
Answer: molecular.
Question 10,
Rutherford’s a-particle scattering experiment shows the existence of a ………………… charged nucleus of ………………… size located at the …………………
Answer
Answer: Positively, very small, centre of the atom.
Question 11.
The maximum number of photons emitted when an electron jumps from an energy level n = 4 to n = 1 is …………………
Answer
Answer: 6.
Question 12.
The radius of Bohr’s first orbit is a0. The electron in nth orbit has a radius …………………
Answer
Answer: n² a0
Question 13.
The kinetic energy associated with an electron decreases with an ………………… in the radii of the orbits.
Answer
Answer: increase.
Question 14.
For a given projectile and target, the distance of closest approach ………………… with increase in K.E. of the projectile.
Answer
Answer: decreases.
Question 15.
In scattering of α-particles by nucleus, the distance of closest approach depends upon the charges of ………………… and ………………… as well as ………………… of α-particle.
Answer
Answer: Projectile, target nucleus, kinetic-energy.
Question 16.
The ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is E. When the electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from the state n = 1 to the state n = 2, the energy absorbed by it is …………………
Answer
Answer: \(\frac {3E}{4}\)
Question 17.
The energy of the atom goes on ………………… as we go to higher excited states.
Answer
Answer: increasing.
Question 18.
From Bohr’s theory, when an electron jumps from higher energy orbit to second orbit, the spectral lines that occur belong to ………………… series.
Answer
Answer: Balmer.
Question 19.
When a hydrogen atom is raised from the ground state to an excited state, them P.E ………………… and Kinetic energy …………………
Answer
Answer: increases, decreases.
Question 20.
If elements with principal quantum number n > 4 were not existed in nature then the number of possible electrons would be …………………
Answer
Answer: 60.
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