Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Important Questions Science Chapter 16

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Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Important Questions with Answers Science Chapter 16

Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Important Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
List two traditional system of water harvesting.   [Foreign 2008]
Answer:
Khadin, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan, bandharas and tals in Maharashtra.

Question 2.
State two reasons each of conserving.  [AI 2008]
(a) Forest
(b) Wildlife
Answer:
(a) Forest: It needs to be conserved as it is a natural resource, many industries depend on it and will exploit and deplete the forest. It is biodiversity hot-spot.

(b) Wildlife: It maintains the ecological balance. Hence all animals which are hunted for skin, fur, tusk, horns etc. need protection and their habitat also need to be conserved.

Question 3.
List four changes you would incorporate in your lifestyle in a move towards sustainable use of available resources [AI 2008, 2009]
Anawer:

  1. Taking a bus, using cycle or walking.
  2. Using CFL and LED at home and switching off lights when not required.
  3. Using the stairs instead of lift.
  4. Wearing an extra sweater on cold days instead of encouraging the use of heaters.

Question 4.
What are natural resources? State two factors that work against an equitable distribution of these resources. [CBSE 2009]
Answer:
The resources obtained from the earth and which are naturally occuring are called natural resources.
Two factors which works against an equitable distribution of these resources are:

  1. Materialisation and
  2. Energisation

Question 5.
Why must we conserve our forests? List any two causes for deforestation taking place.  [CBSE 2009]
Answer:
We must conserve our forest as they are very useful.

  1. It conserves soil by preventing soil erosion, prevents flood and holds lot of water, maintain ground level of water and brings rainfall.
  2. It provides lot of raw material for many industries like timber, sal, wood, bidi, tendu leaves, coir etc.

Two causes of deforestation:

  1. Exploitation by industries.
  2. Due to increase in population, lot of forest land is converted to build roads and dams for the infrastructure development. Pressure of human settlement is also a major cause.

Question 6.
What is Chipko Movement? Why should we conserve forests?   [AI 2009]
Answer:
It is the movement initiated by local people in the Reni Village of Garhwal by preventing the cutting down of trees by hugging the trees. It was initiated by Sunder Lai Bahuguna to stop the commercial exploitation of forest.

We should conserve forest because it is of great benefit to us as it holds soil, water, prevents floods, brings rain fall, maintain ecological balance on the earth.

Question 7.
List four advantage of water harvesting.   [AI 2009]
Answer:
Water harvesting is useful because

  1. It provides water for potable use.
  2. It provides water for irrigation.
  3. It provides water for recharging underground water reservoir.
  4. It provides water for vegetation to grow.

Question 8.
How do advantages of exploiting natural resources with short-term aims differ from the advantages of managing our resources with a long-term perspective?   [Foreign 2009]
Answer:
Exploitation of natural resources with short-term aims means exploiting it for need, money and make them extinct but using the same resources with a long-term perspective means managing the resources wisely, judiciously and using them in such a manner that they are present for future generations to come i.e., sustainable management.

Question 9.
What is wildlife? How is wildlife important for us?   [Foreign 2009]
Answer:
Wildlife means all the animals and plants that grow and live in forest, grow naturally, are not cultivated, domesticated and tamed.

Importance of wildlife:

  • They help in maintaining ecological balance.
  • They provide aesthetic value for human beings.

Question 10.
What is water harvesting? Write any two advantages of it.  [Foreign 2009]
Answer:
Water harvesting means capturing water to recharge water reservoirs.
Benefits of water harvesting:

  1. It provides water for potable use.
  2. It provides water for irrigation.
  3. It increases the ground water level.
  4. It provides water for the growth of vegetation.

Question 11.
List any two causes of our failure to sustain availability of underground water.   [CBSE 2009]
Answer:
Two causes which led to the failure of sustaining the availability of underground water are:

  1. Population: With the increase in population the demand is also increasing which is depleting the underground water.
  2. Industrialisation: As the industries need more water to manufacture its goods, this led to decrease in the level of underground water.

Question 12.
List any four characteristics of a good fuel.  [CBSE 2011]
Answer:

  1. Higher calorific value
  2. Lesser pollution
  3. Sustainable for longer period
  4. Easily transportable

Question 13.
What are non-renewable resources of energy? Give two examples of such resources.  [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
Sources which are not available again and again and are getting exhausted and are called non-renewable sources of energy, e.g. coal, petroleum.

Question 14.
List any four disadvantages of using fossil fuels for the production of energy.   [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
Disadvantages:

  1. Fossil fuels cause pollution.
  2. They also cause acid rain.
  3. They disturb ecology.
  4. They cannot be reused, i.e., they are non-renewable.

Question 15.
Give two examples each of the following:
(i) Renewable sources of energy
(ii) Non-renewable sources of energy.   [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
(i) Geothermal energy, wind energy
(ii) Coal, petroleum.

Question 16.
Define:
(i) Biomass (ii) Anaerobic degradation.  [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
(i) The material contained in the bodies of plants and animals is called biomass.
(ii) Breakdown of organic matter by micro-organisms when oxygen is not present is known as anaerobic degradation.

Question 17.
What is an equitable disribution of resources in a society and why is it necessary? State any two factors which work against an equitable disribution of resources.   [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
Equitable distribution of resources means ensuring benefits from the development of resources to all human beings.

There should be equitable distribution of resources because every living being has an equal right on the natural resources of the earth. If anybody is using them excessively, it means somewhere else somebody is being deprived of it. Factors which work against equitable distribution of resources are:

  • Advancement and development of society.
  • Energisation and materialization.

Question 18.
List our advantages of water stored in the ground.   [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Four advantage of storing water in the ground are:

  1. It does not evaporate.
  2. It is relatively protected from contamination by human and animal wastes.
  3. It does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes.
  4. It provides moisture for vegetation.

Question 19.
“Burning fossil fuels is a cause of global wanning”. Justify this statement.   [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are formed from biomass. In addition to carbon, they contain hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur. When fossil fuels are burnt, the products are carbon dioxide, water vapour, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide increases the temperature on earth which leads to global warming.

Question 20.
List three problems which arise due to construction of big dams. Suggest a solution for these problems.  [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Three problems of construction of large dams are:

  1. Displacement of large number of people.
  2. Huge cost of construction and low benefit compared to cost. These problem can be sorted out by constructing smaller dams instead of a big dam
  3. Submerging of plantation under the water leading to release of methane gas causing global warming.
  4. The pressure exerted by the stored water makes the shift in the tectonic plates causing earthquakes.

Question 21.
List the products of combustion of fossil fuels. What are their adverse effects on the environment?  [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
When fossil fuels are burnt, carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur are formed. If the combustion takes place in insufficient air, then carbon monoxide is formed instead of carbon dioxide. Of these products, the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen and carbon monoxide are poisonous gases and carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Question 22.
Why are forests considered “biodiversity hot spots”? List two ways in which an individual can effectively contribute to the management of forests and wildlife.   [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Biodiversity is measured by the number of different life forms found in an area. In a forest, various species exist which include bacteria, fungi, ferns, plants, nematodes, insects, birds, reptiles and mamals. Forests are therefore considered as biodiversity hotspots.

An individual can contribute in the management of forests and wildlife by:

  1. Avoiding cutting down of forests and killing of wildlife.
  2. Educating people about the importance of forests and wildlife in our life.

Question 23.
How did ‘Chipko Andolan’ ultimately benefit the local people? Describe briefly.  [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Chipko Movement:

  • In 1970, in Reni village of Garhwal, a contractor was allowed to cut trees in a forest near the village.
  • When the contractor’s workers went to the forest to cut trees, the women of the village hugged the tree trunks to prevent the workers from cutting trees.
  • Chipko means ‘hug’ and the movement began with the villagers hugging trees. It is called the ‘Chipko Andolan’.

The movement benefited the local population as it conserved the forest products. It benefited the environment as it conserved the quality of soil and sources of water thereby, maintained balance in nature. This movement spread throughout the country and forced the government to rethink their priorities in the use of forest products.

Question 24.
Which of the two is a better option,
(i) to collect rainwater in ponds or artificial lakes, or
(ii) to let it recharge groundwater by water harvesting?
Lits two advantages of the option to justify your answer.  [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
To allow rainwater -to recharge groundwater by water harvesting is the better option.
Its advantages are:

  1. Groundwater does not evaporate.
  2. Groundwater does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes.

Question 25.
What is meant by “Sustainable Management”? Why is reuse considered better than Recycling? [Delhi 2015]
(Or)
Sate the meaning of “sustainable management”. Reuse is better than recycling. How?  [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
A type of management which encourages utilization of resources that meet current basic human needs while preserving the resources for the needs of future generations. Reuse is better as it does not consume energy.

Question 26.
After the examinations Rakesh with his friends went on a picnic to a nearby park. All friends carried cooked food packed in plastic bags or plastic cans. After eating the food some friends collected the leftover food, plastic bags, etc and planned to dispose them off by burning. Rakesh immediately checked them and suggested to segregate the leftover food and peels of fruits from the plastic materials and respectively dispose them off separately in the green and blue dustbins placed in the comer of the park.   [Delhi 2015]
(a) In your opinion, is burning plastic an eco-friendly method of waste disposal? Why? State the advantage of the method suggested by Rakesh.
(b) How can we contribute in maintaining the parks and roads neat and clean?
Answer:
(a) No, it pollutes air.
Advantage: Segregation of wastes into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes at the initial stage of disposal saves time and energy.

(b) We can contribute in maintaining the parks and roads neat and clean by putting wastes in proper dustbins.

Question 27.
List four advantages of water stored in the ground as “ground water”.   [Foreign 2015]
Answer:
Four advantage of storing water in the ground are:

  1. It does not evaporate.
  2. It is relatively protected from contamination by human and animal wastes.
  3. It does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes.
  4. It provides moisture for vegetation

Question 28.
List two main causes of the pollution of water of the river Ganga. State how pollution and contamination of river water prove harmful for the health of the people of neighbouring areas.  (AI 2015)
Answer:
Causes:

  1. Disposal of industrial effluents.
  2. Human activities like bathing, washing, immersion of ashes, etc.
  3. Disposal of untreated sewage.

Harmful effects on health:

  1. Spreads water borne diseases.
  2. Consumption of contaminated fishes.

Question 29.
What is biodiversity? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved?
Mention one effect of it. [AI 2015]
Answer:
Biodiversity-Biodiversity is the number and range of variety of species of life forms in an area.
Effect-Loss of diversity may lead to a loss of ecological stability.

Question 30.
Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances with the help of one example each. List two changes in habit that people must adopt to dispose non-biodegradable waste, for saving the environment. [AI 2015]
Answer:
Biodegradable substances can be broken down into simpler substances by nature, decomposers, bacteria, saprophytes and saprobionts.
Example: Human Excreta/Vegetable peels, etc.

Non-biodegradable substances can’t be broken down into simpler substances by nature or decomposers.
Example: Plastic, glass

Habits:- Use of separate dustbins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste,

  • Reuse of things such as polybags, etc.
  • Recycle of waste.
  • Use of cotton/jute bags for carrying vegetables, etc.

Question 31.
List four advantages of properly managed watershed management. [Delhi 2016]
Answer:
Advantages of watershed management

  1. It mitigates drought and floods.
  2. It increases the life of the dams and reservoirs.
  3. It increases the biomass production and thereby the income of the watershed community.
  4. It helps in maintaining ecological balance by scientific conservation of soil and water.

Question 32.
Explain giving example where active involvement of local people lead to efficient management of forest. [Delhi 2016]

Question 33.
What is sustainable development? State its two main objectives.  [Foreign 2016]
Answer:
The development which can be maintained for a long time without undue damage to the environment is called sustainable development.

Two objectives:

  1. To provide the economic well being to the present and future generation.
  2. To maintain a healthy environment and life support system.

Question 34.
List four causes of damage to forests. [Foreign 2016]
Answer:

  1. By the local people for the fulfilment of their daily needs.
  2. By industrialists-deforestation for industrial needs.
  3. Deforestation for development projects-building, roads, dams, etc.
  4. By tourists or in making arrangements for tourists.

Question 35.
What was Chipko Andolan? How did this Andolan ultimately benefit the local people and the environment? [AI 2016]
Answer:
Chipko Movement:

  • In 1970, in Reni village of Garhwal, a contractor was allowed to cut trees in a forest near the village.
  • When the contractor’s workers went to the forest to cut trees, the women of the village hugged the tree trunks to prevent the workers from cutting trees.
  • Chipko means ‘hug’ and the movement began with the villagers hugging trees. It is called the ‘Chipko Andolan’.

The movement benefited the local population as it conserved the forest products. It benefited the environment as it conserved the quality of soil and sources of water thereby, maintained balance in nature. This movement spread throughout the country and forced the government to rethink their priorities in the use of forest products.

Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Important Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
While discussing coal and petroleum a teacher told his students about PCRA’s (Petroleum Conservation Research Association) guidelines to save the fossil fuels while driving vehicles. Deepa was going to her. school with her mother who was driving car. At the traffic signal, when the light was red, Deepa suggested her mother to switch off the engine.  [Foreign 2016]
After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:
(a) Fossil fuels are natural resources, then why do we need to conserve them?
(b) List any two ways of saving the fossil fuels.
(c) State two values exhibited by Deepa.
Answer:
(a) Fossil fuels take millions of years in their formation, and are exhaustible hence they need to be conserved to provide energy for a longer duration or sustainable development.

(b) The ways of saving the fossil fuels:

  • Walking short distances instead of using private vehciles
  • Use of public transport
  • Where possible switch off unnecessary lights
  • Repair of faulty water taps
  • Use of efficient appliances
  • Promotion of solar energy

(c) Concerned about natural resources, environment.