Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Agriculture

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Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Agriculture

Agriculture Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Name the crop which is a commercial crop in Haryana but a subsistence crop in Odisha.
Answer:
Rice

Extra Questions and Answers Agriculture

Question 2.
Why is agriculture a primary activity in our country?
Answer:
It produces most of the food that we consume. Besides foodgrains, it also produces raw material for various industries such as textile, jute, etc.

Agriculture Extra Questions and Answers

Question 3.
What is the cultivation of fruits and vegetables known as?
Answer:
The cultivation of fruits and vegetables is known as horticulture.

Question 4.
What is primitive subsistence farming?
Answer:
It is a type of farming practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks and family labour.

Question 5.
What is meant by ‘slash and burn’ agriculture?
Answer:
It is a type of farming in which farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their families. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. It is also known as shifting cultivation.

Question 6.
What is sericulture?
Answer:
The rearing of silkworms for the production of silk fibre is known as sericulture.

Question 7.
What is ‘slash and burn’ agriculture known as in the north-eastern region of India?
Answer:
It is known as Jhumming’ in the north-eastern region of India.

Question 8.
Which are the important plantation crops in India?
Answer:
In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, cotton, banana, etc. are important plantation crops.

Question 9.
Where are tea and coffee grown in India?
Answer:
Tea is grown in Assam and North Bengal and coffee is grown in Karnataka.

Question 10.
India has three cropping seasons. Name them.
Answer:
Rabi, kharif and zaid.

Question 11.
Name some of the important rabi crops of India.
Answer:
Wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.

Question 12.
Name the states where three crops of paddy are grown in a year. What are they known as?
Answer:
Name of these states are – Assam, West Bengal and Odisha.
These three crops of paddy are known as Aus, Aman and Boro.

Question 13.
Which crop is used as food and fodder both?
Answer:
Maize is used as food and fodder both.

Question 14.
What are the major food crops grown in India?
Answer:
They are rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oil seeds etc.

Question 15.
What are the major non-food crops grown in India?
Answer:
They are cotton, jute, rubber etc.

Question 16.
Name the important millets grown in India. What are they also known as?
Answer:
Name of the important millets – jowar, bajra and ragi. These are also known as coarse grains.

Question 17.
Which are the major maize producing states in India?
Answer:
The major maize-producing states in India are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 18.
Name the major pulses grown in India.
Answer:
Tur (arhar), urad, moong, masur, peas and gram.

Question 19.
Name two countries which are the largest producers of sugarcane in the world.
Answer:
Brazil and India.

Question 20.
Which are the major oil seeds produced in India?
Answer:
The major oilseeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower.

Question 21.
Which oilseed is grown both as rabi and kharif crop?
Answer:
Castor seed is grown both as rabi and kharif crop.

Question 22.
Which are the four major fibre crops grown in India?
Answer:
The four major fibre crops grown in India are cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk.

Question 23.
What is natural silk obtained from?
Answer:
Natural silk is obtained from cocoons of the silkworms fed on green leaves specially mulberry.

Question 24.
Why should the production of pulses be increased? Give two reasons.
Answer:

  • Pulses are the major sources of protein for most of the people in India.
  • These plants help in restoring the fertility of the soil.

Question 25.
Name any two cash crops.
Answer:
Rubber and cotton.

Question 26.
Why should Indian farmers diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops?
Answer:
This diversification will increase their incomes as well as reduce environmental degradation.

Question 27.
Name some high-value crops.
Answer:
Fruits, medicinal herbs, flowers, vegetables, bio-diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba.

Question 28.
Which is the most important food crop of India? What is its position in the world production?
Answer:
Rice is the most important food crop of India. It holds second position in rice production after China.

Question 29.
Name the major wheat producing states of India.
Answer:
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 30.
What was India’s position in the world in the production of cotton in the year 2008?
Answer:
In 2008, India was the second largest producer of cotton after China.

Question 31.
What factors have contributed to the increasing production of maize?
Answer:
Use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilisers and irrigation have contributed to the increasing production of maize.

Question 32.
What was India’s position in the world in tea production in the year 2008?
Answer:
In 2008, India was the third largest producer of tea after China and Turkey.

Agriculture Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Mention three features of ‘slash and burn’ agriculture.
Answer:
‘Slash and burn’ agriculture is a type of primitive subsistence farming. Three features of this type of farming are –

  • Since farmers keep shifting to fresh patch of land for cultivation it allows nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through natural processes.
  • Land productivity in this type of farming is low as the farmer does not use fertilisers or other modern inputs.
  • It is known by different names in different parts of the country. For example, it is called humming’ in the north-eastern region.

Question 2.
What is commercial farming? Mention its major features. (Imp)
Answer:
Commercial farming is a type of farming in which farmers grow crops to sell in the market. The major
features of this farming are-

  • Farmers use higher doses of modern inputs e.g., high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.
  • Commercial farming is crop selective and aims for industrial inputs and export.
  • It leads to development activities in transport and connectivity.

Question 3.
Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of wheat in India. Also mention the two important wheat-growing zones in the country.
Answer:
Wheat is the main food crop in north and north-western part of the country. This rabi crop requires a cool growing season and a bright sunshine at the time of ripening. It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall evenly distributed over the growing season. There are two important wheat-growing zones in the country-

  • The Ganga-Sutlej plains in the north-west.
  • Black soil region of the Deccan.

Question 4.
Differentiate between commercial farming and subsistence farming.
Answer:

Commercial farming Subsistence farming
(i)  Commercial farming is the type of farming in which crops are produced for the sale in mar­ket.

(ii) It is practised on large farms with the help of machines like tractor, combine harvester, etc.

(iii)  Farmers use higher doses of modern inputs, e.g, HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecti­cides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.

(i) Subsistence farming is the type of farming in which farmers raise crops for family con­sumption.

(ii)  It is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao, etc.

(iii) This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.

Question 5.
Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of sugarcane. Which are the major sugarcane producing states of India? (Imp)
Answer:
Sugarcane is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop. It grows well in hot and humid climate with a temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm to 100 cm. Irrigation is required in the regions of low rainfall. It can be grown on a variety of soils and needs manual labour from sowing to harvesting. The major sugarcane-producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana.

Question 6.
What is intensive farming? Write some of its characteristic features.
Answer:
Intensive farming is a type of farming where a lot of capital and labour are used to obtain higher productivity per area. The use of large amounts of pesticides for crops and of medication for animal stocks is common in this farming.
Features:

  • This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
  • Farmers, by using high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation take maximum output from the limited land.
  • It is a labour-intensive farming. There is huge pressure on agricultural land.

Question 7.
(a) Mention the geographical conditions required for the growth of maize.
(b) What factors have contributed to the increasing production of maize?
(c) Name the major maize-producing states of India.
Answer:
(a) Maize is a kharif crop which requires temperature between 21°C to 27°C and grows well in old al¬luvial soil. In some states like Bihar maize is grown as a rabi crop.

(b) Factors that have contributed to the increasing production of maize are—use of HYV seeds, fertilisers and irrigation.

(c) Major maize-producing states of India are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Madhya Pradesh.

Question 8.
Mention the name of the three cropping seasons of India. Also write their sowing and harvesting time.
Answer:
The three cropping seasons of India are – rabi, kharif and zaid.

  • Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
  • Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October.
  • In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the zaid season.

Question 9.
Name any three features of Indian agriculture.
Answer:

  • Indian agriculture heavily depends upon monsoon for irrigation and natural fertility of the soil.
  • Most of the farmers are illiterate and are unaware of technological developments in the field of agriculture. They still use primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks and therefore get low productivity.
  • Although Indian agriculture is unable to compete with the world agriculture, it provides livelihood for more than 60 per cent of its population.

Question 10.
(a) What is Indian coffee known for?
(b) Which variety of coffee is grown in India?
(c) Where was its cultivation introduced initially in India? Where is it cultivated today?
Answer:
(a) Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality.
(b) The Arabica variety initially brought from Yemen is grown in India. This variety is in great demand all over the world.
(c) Initially its cultivation was introduced on the Baba Budan Hills. Today it is cultivated in the Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Question 11.
Why was a comprehensive land development programme initiated? Give three reasons.
Answer:
In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated for the following reasons-

  • The laws of land reforms were not properly implemented.
  • The Government of India introduced agricultural reforms to improve Indian agriculture in the 1960s and 1970s. But that too did not achieve optimum result.
  • The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution or Operation Flood were initiated to improve the lot of Indian agriculture. But these were confined to a few selected areas.

Question 12.
Mention the factors that have distorted the cropping patterns in India.
OR
What are the negative impacts of government subsidies on Indian agriculture?
OR
How have government subsidies adversely affected the Indian agriculture?
Answer:
The government used to provide subsidies on agriculture inputs such as fertilisers, power and water. But these subsidies have now reached unsustainable levels and have also led to large scale insufficiencies in the use of these scarce inputs. These subsidies have adversely affected the Indian agriculture in the following ways:

  • Excessive and imprudent use of fertilisers and water has led to waterlogging, salinity and deple¬tion of essential micro-nutrients in the soil.
  • The high MSP, subsidies in input and committed FCI purchase have distorted the cropping pat¬tern.
  • Wheat and paddy crops are being grown more for the MSP they get. Punjab and Haryana are foremost examples. This has also created a serious imbalance in inter-crop parities.

Question 13.
Name two important beverage crops grown in India. Who introduced these crops to the country? What type of agriculture is followed for their cultivation?
Answer:

  • Two important beverage crops – tea and coffee.
  • Tea was initially introduced in India by the British. Today, most of the tea plantations are owned by Indians. The Arabica variety of coffee which is in great demand all over the world, was initially brought to India from Yemen.
  • Plantation agriculture is followed for their cultivation.

Question 14.
Explain the following:
(a) Green Revolution
(b) White Revolution
(c) Gene Revolution
Answer:
(a) Green Revolution: The period during which agriculture in India increased its yields due to improved agronomic technology is known as Green Revolution. The revolution began in the late 1960s. It introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using high yielding varieties of seeds. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant. As a result, the same piece of land would now produce for larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier.

(b) White Revolution also known as Operation Flood made our country self-sufficient in milk and this was achieved extremely through the cooperative structure.

(c) Gene Revolution refers to the development of genetically modified seeds for increasing the yield per hectare.

Question 15.
Mention any three features of primitive subsistence farming. (Imp)
Answer:
Sugarcane is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop. It grows well in hot and humid climate with a temperature of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm to 100 cm. Irrigation is required in the regions of low rainfall. It can be grown on a variety of soils and needs manual labour from sowing to harvesting. The major sugarcane-producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana.

Question 16.
Name the two most important food crops of India. Name the states where they are produced.
Answer:
The two most important food crops of India are rice and wheat.

  • Rice is produced in Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
  • Wheat is grown in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Question 17.
Distinguish between primitive subsistence farming and intensive subsistence farming.
Answer:

Primitive subsistence farming Intensive subsistence farming
(i)  It is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools such as hoe, dao and digging sticks.

(ii) Land productivity in this type of farming is low as the farmer does not use fertilisers or other modern inputs.

(iii)  There is no pressure on agricultural land. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift to fresh patch of land for cultivation.

(i) It is practised on bigger land size with the help of modern tools and irrigation.

(ii) Land productivity in this type of farming is very high as the farmer uses high doses of biochemical inputs.

(iii) There is enormous pressure on agricultural land. Farmers have no option to shift to an­other patch of land.

Agriculture Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What is plantation agriculture? Mention any four of its characteristics. (Imp)
Answer:
(i) Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area.

(ii) The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry. All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.

(iii) Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers.

(iv) Since the production is mainly for market, a well-developed network of transport. and communication connecting the plantation areas, processing industries and markets play an important role in the development of plantations.

(v) In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc. are important plantation crops. Tea in Assam and north Bengal, coffee in Karnataka are some of the important plantation crops grown in these states.

Question 2.
Explain the geographical requirements for rice under the following headings:

  • season
  • temperature
  • rainfall

Also mention major regions of rice cultivation in India.
Answer:
Rice is a khanf crop which requires high temperature, above (25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall above loo cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grow* with the help of irrigation.

Rice is grown mainly in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions.

Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tubewells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall like Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan of less rainfall like Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.

Question 3.
Mention two geographical conditions required for the growth of maize in India. Describe three factors which have contributed to increase maize production. (Imp)
Answer:
The three cropping seasons of India are – rabi, kharif and zaid.

  • Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
  • Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these are harvested in September-October.
  • In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the zaid season.

Question 4.
Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of cotton. Also mention the major cotton producing states of India. (Imp)
Answer:

  • Cotton is one of the main raw materials for industry. It grows well in drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau.
  • It requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days and bright sunshine for its growth.
  • Since it is a kharif crop, it requires 6 to 8 months to mature.
  • Major cotton producing states of India are – Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Question 5.
Explain climatic conditions required for sugarcane and rubber cultivation. Also write two leading producing states of each crop. (Imp)
Answer:
Rubber Cultivation
Rubber is an equatorial crop, but it is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas under special conditions. Rubber cultivation requires moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm and temperature above 25°C.
Rubber is mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karanataka and Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Garo hills of Meghalaya.

Intensive farming is a type of farming where a lot of capital and labour are used to obtain higher productivity per area. The use of large amounts of pesticides for crops and of medication for animal stocks is common in this farming.
Features:

  • This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
  • Farmers, by using high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation take maximum output from the limited land.
  • It is a labour-intensive farming. There is huge pressure on agricultural land.

Question 6.
Why has Indian agriculture started a decline in the trend of food production? How can we overcome this problem? (Imp)
Answer:
The reasons behind this are given below-
(i) There has been a gradual shift from cultivation of food crops to cultivation of fruits, vegetables, oilseeds and industrial crops. This has led to the reduction in net sown area under cereals and pulses.

(ii) The competition for land between non-agricultural uses such as housing etc. and agriculture has resulted in reduction in the net sown area. The productivity of land has started showing a declining trend.

(iii) Fertilisers, pesticides and insecticides, which once showed dramatic results, are now being held responsible for degrading the soils.

(iv) Periodic scarcity of water has led to reduction in area under irrigation. Insufficient water management has led to waterlogging and salinity.

(v) Land degradation is also an important reason for the decline in food production. A section of farmers has gained free power to pump groundwater to grow water-intensive crops in low rainfall areas. This unsustainable pumping has reduced water storage in aquifers. As a result, many wells and tubewells have run dry. This has pushed the marginal and small farmers out of cultivation.

Some ways to overcome this problem-

  • Government needs to provide proper agricultural infrastructure and credit linkages.
  • Marginal and small farmers should be encouraged to use the latest techniques.
  • There should be focus on increasing foodgrain production on a sustainable basis.
  • Free trade in grains is also necessary.

Question 7.
(a) Which are the major pulses grown in India?
(b) Which of these pulses are grown in the kharif season and which are grown in the rabi season?
(c) How is the cultivation of pulses beneficial for human beings as well as for agriculture?
OR
Why are pulses grown in rotation with other crops?
(d) Which are the major pulse producing states in India?
Answer:
(a) The major pulses grown in India are tur{arhar), urad, moong, masur, peas and gram.

(b) Pulses like tur, urad and moong are grown in the rabi season whereas masur, peas and gram are grown in the kharif season.

(c) Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions. Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with other crops. Pulses are beneficial for human beings too. They are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.

(d) Major pulse-producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Question 8.
Give a brief assessment of the production of fruits and vegetables in India.
OR
Describe horticulture crops grown in various parts of India.
OR
What position does India avail in the world in the production of fruits and vegetables?
Answer:
India is a producer of tropical as well as temperate fruits.

  • Mangoes are grown in Maharasthra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
  • Oranges are grown in Nagpur (Maharashtra) and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya).
  • Bananas of Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are popular.
  • Lichi and guava are cultivated in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
  • Meghalaya is famous for the cultivation of pineapples.
  • Grapes of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra, apples, pears, apricots and walnuts of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh are world famous.

All the fruits mentioned above are in great demand across the world.
In 2008, India was the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world after China. The country produces about 13 percent of the world’s vegetables. It is an important producer of pea, cauliflower, onion, cabbage, tomato, brinjal and potato.

Question 9.
Name any four oilseeds produced in India. Explain the importance of oilseeds in our day today life. (Imp)
Answer:
Main oilseeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower.
Importance of oilseeds

  • Most of these oilseeds are edible and used as cooking mediums.
  • Some of the oilseeds are also used as raw material in the production of soap, cosmetics and ointments.
  • The edible oilcakes are excellent cattle feed. The non-edible oilcakes are used as manures and some oilcakes like castor cake control termites due to their vermicide properties.
  • Oilseeds are valuable cash crops and bring ready cash to the farmers. They are a source of foreign exchange.

Question 10.
Which are the two staple food crops of India? Compare and contrast the climatic and soil requirements of the two. (Imp)
Answer:
The two staple food crops of India are rice and wheat.
(a) Rice is a khanf crop which requires high temperature, above (25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall above loo cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation.
(b) Rich alluvial soils of the floodplains and deltaic regions are ideal for the cultivation of rice.
(c) Rice cultivation also requires manual labour.

Commercial farming Subsistence farming
(i)  Commercial farming is the type of farming in which crops are produced for the sale in mar­ket.

(ii) It is practised on large farms with the help of machines like tractor, combine harvester, etc.

(iii)  Farmers use higher doses of modern inputs, e.g, HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecti­cides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity.

(i) Subsistence farming is the type of farming in which farmers raise crops for family con­sumption.

(ii)  It is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao, etc.

(iii) This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.

Agriculture Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions

Question 1.
Study the following diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow –
(i) List any four items made of rubber and are used by us.
(ii) Name the item in which the consumption of natural rubber is the highest.
(iii) What was India’s rank among the world’s natural rubber producers in 2010-11?
Answer:
Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Agriculture 1

(i) Belts and hoses, footwears, tyres, tubes and latex foam.
(ii) The consumption of natural rubber is the highest in auto tyres and tubes.
(iii) In 2010-11, India’s rank was fourth among the world’s natural rubber producers.

Question 2.
Compare the geographical conditions required for the growth of cotton and jute.
Answer:
Cotton and jute are fibre crops. A comparative study of the geographical conditions required for their growth is given below:

Cotton Jute
(i)  It grows well in the driest parts of the black soil of the Deccan plateau.

(ii) It requires high temperature for its growth. The temperature should be more than 21°C.

(iii)  Light rain or irrigation is required.

(iv) It requires 210 frost-free days and bright sun­shine for its growth.

(v) It is grown in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, etc.

(i)  It grows well in the drained fertile loamy soil in the flood plains.

(ii)  It also requires high temperature. But it should not be less than 30°C.

(iii) About 150 cm rainfall is needed.

(iv) It grows well in hot and humid climate.

(v)  It is grown in West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and Meghalaya.

Question 3.
Give a brief description of the important millets grown in India.
Answer:
Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. These are coarse grains but they have high nutritional value.

Jowar is the third most important food crop with respect to area and production. Since it is grown in the moist areas, it does not need irrigation. Major jowar producing states were Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in 2011-12.

Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil. Major bajra producing states were Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana in 2011-12.

Ragi is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils. Major ragi producing states are Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, etc. Ragi is rich in iron, calcium, other micro-nutrients and roughage.

Agriculture Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Value-based Questions (VBQs)

Question 1.
Why should Indian farmers switch over from cereals to high value crops?
OR
Why should Indian farmers diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops?
Answer:

  • This will increase their incomes and make them self-sufficient.
  • This will also reduce environmental degradation.
  • Fruits, medicinal herbs, flowers, vegetables, bio-diesel crops like jatropha and jojoba need much less irrigation than rice or sugarcane.
  • India’s climate is diverse. Farmers can easily harness such climate to grow high-value crops.

Question 2.
Use of biotechnology in agriculture would be beneficial to the farmers. Which values are associated with this technology?
Answer:

  • It does not need much insecticides, pesticides, etc.
  • This technology is environmentally safe and sustainable.
  • Genetically modified seeds do not need much water.
  • The cost of production is also less.
  • Both big and small farmers can be benefitted by this technology.

Question 3.
Which values are associated with ‘Vinoba Bhave’s Bhoodan’ or ‘‘Gramdan Movement’? Why is it called the ‘Blood-less Revolution’?
Answer:

  • The Bhoodan Movement was a voluntary land reform movement in India, initiated by Vinoba Bhave in 1951 at Pochampally village in Telangana.
  • The mission of the movement was to persuade rich landowners to voluntarily give a part of their land to the poor landless villagers.
  • Vinoba Bhave achieved this mission successfully, Many landless villagers were given a small plot of land to use it as per their need.

Agriculture Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Map-based Questions

Question 1.
On an outline map of India, show rice-producing areas.
Answer:
Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Agriculture 2

Question 2.
On an outline map of India, show the following:
(i) A major sugarcane producing state
(ii) A major coffee producing state
(iii) A major tea producing state
(iv) A major groundnut producing state
(v) A major cotton producing state
Answer:
Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Agriculture 3