Story Writing for Class 9 CBSE Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Story Writing for Class 9 CBSE

A story is an account of imaginary or real people and events told for entertainment. Stories cast a magic spell on all of us and have mind-altering effects. Stories give us inspiration and sometimes challenge our beliefs.

Story writing is an art It is the oldest form of written composition. It is a work of imagination that is written in an easily understandable grammatical structure. a short story is meant to be read in a single sitting and therefore it should be as direct and brief as possible.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Story Writing for Class 9 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Usually, a short story focusses on only one incident, has a single plot, a single setting, a small number of characters and covers a short period of time.

  • Plot: Select a situation from real life. Define the place and time.
  • Main character: Define your protagonist, and set your focus right about what he or she wants.
  • Conflict: Suggest basic outlines of the conflict; what all the trouble is going to be about. The complication describes all the troubles and incidents of action dramatised into scenes.
  • Dramatic intensity: After a number of crises a climax is reached. Then came the turning point and the beginning of the end.
  • Resolution: Make clear the consequences of the action. There must be a clear connection to the narrative.
    Twists in the plot make the story interesting. Innovative use of language and structure fused with humour, haunting images and style add flavour.

Write a story people would remember.

Story Writing Sample Stories for Class 9 CBSE

1. Two friends were passing through a dense forest. Suddenly they heard some animal screaming Complete the story in 150-200 words.

They froze in fear, but when the sound persisted, they decided to help the stricken beast, even at the risk of their own lives.

They walked towards the direction of the sound, arming themselves with staves made from tree branches.

The rest of the forest was still, and only the monkeys overhead were chattering. Imagine their surprise when the friends discovered that the agonizing sounds were the work of a little herder and his friends. They were from the village nearby and this was their form of recreation every afternoon. Imitating jungle sounds to perfection was a game they played in the afternoon.

To make amends, the boys decided to entertain their guests by imitating the chattering of monkeys, the call of the koyal, the sound of gurgling water, and even the whistling of the breeze.

As the two friends turned to leave, the cowherd party regaled them with a spine chilling tiger roar.

This time the friends knew better. They yelled back a friendly farewell saying: See you soon…….

Story Writing Practice Stories for Class 9 CBSE

1. Imagine that you are Jeet/Gita. You have moved into a new house and decide to explore a little. After an hour of going through the rooms, you stumble into the basement. Here, you find a small diary. The diary tells you the story about the person who lived in this house before. Use your imagination to complete the story.

21 June, 1920
It happened again. I’ve tripped on the stairs and bruised my shin. It feels as if the house is changing with every new season or maybe I’m just growing old. My grandchildren came for a visit and John the youngest told me he’ll look at the floorboard in the stairs. It’ll be something easy to fix, I’m assuming.23 June, 1920
The TV keeps going on about the war. The village was also in the line of fire, luckily I managed to move out just before it happened. When I came back the house wasn’t that dirty, maybe someone had used it as a shelter. I don’t care about who stayed in the old house, when you’re in your 80s there is very little that you care about except for the annoying visitors who keep trying to enter my house on some pretext or the other. The same three people keep visiting. They look very fishy.24 June, 1920
My grandson came in to have a look and we decided that the next day we’d break the floorboard and fit in a new piece. The old house is getting really old.25 June, 1920
I can’t believe it. This is like a Christmas miracle in the middle of summer. After deciding to break the floorboards and put in new ones, my grandson, John gets his hammer and starts breaking them. The moment he took out one of the floorboards, we found a lot of money and jewelry. It was as if the stairs was hiding a secret and couldn’t keep in and had to tell someone and that someone was me. A few days later, I found out that the three visitors were the same people who took shelter in my house. After they told me their secret, I was reluctant but I gave them their treasure. They were embarrassed at my gesture and decided to take only a portion of the treasure. If you’re reading this diary then go check the last floorboard on the stairs.

2. You saved your pocket money to buy one of your favourite books. You decided to read it on Sundays. But one day on your way back from school you lost the book in your school bus and couldn’t find it. You pasted a notice on the notice board and finally, someone returned it to you. Write a story in 150-200 words about the whole experience.

A Lucky Find

The money I had received on my 14th birthday, sufficed to buy the complete Harry Potter series.

I started reading volume I. I carried the book to school and showed it around on the school bus.

When we reached school and began asking for the book, no one owned up to having it.

I decided to put up a notice on the notice board and offered the finder a handsome treat of double ice cream and cold drinks alongside.

On the second day, a junior from the NCC squad walked up with the book. He had found it thrown in the bushes behind the school garden. I thanked the boy very much and kept my promise. My week’s pocket money was gone in treating him. I felt a sense of relief as I put the book safely back in my school bag.

For the first time, I realized what it feels to lose something that is dear to oneself.

Diagnostic test 6

Write a short story of about 150—200 words on the theme, ‘In the Jungle’. Make sure you use at least five words from the box given below.

Scared, Birds, Bear, Bb, Gun, Catapult, River, Trees, Evening, Light, Sleepingm Cave Fly

No one would have said that is was merely (a) ………………………………………… The sky was overcast with clouds as Meighan and John made their way back to their camp (b) ………………………………………… Suddenly, John heard a faint growl following by rustling of leaves. He motioned Meigha to stop and listen, (c) ………………………………………… There was another growl. John scanned the area (d) ………………………………………… (e) ……………………………………….. . that was slowly strolling towards the two children. Meighan aimed her catapult towards it. It walked closer to them It seemed merely curious.

As they looked at each other, it decided to sit down and make itself comfortable. He did not seem to have any intention of leaving. On Meigha’s gesture, the two slowly started walking backward, (g) …………………………………………
Answer:

“In the Jungle”

Jitu was one of the best sharpshooter in the village. He always hung his trusty catapult on the side of his shoulder and carried it everywhere. All the boys used to praise Jitu when he used to shoot birds and squirrels. One day, Jitu and his gang decided to go hunt in the jungle. Excited, Jitu rushed off with his catapult and a few pellets. One of his friends spotted a flock of birds fly past them. He whispered, ‘quick, quick’.

Jitu positioned himself, aimed and fired a pellet at one of the birds. The pellet flew up only to miss by a hair’s breadth. All of a sudden, they heard a loud growl coming from one of the bushes. The growl was from a huge brown bear coming at them. The pellet must’ve missed and landed on the sleeping bear.

The boys screamed in fear and ran for their lives. They dashed headlong through bramble, bush and tree. Finally, Jitu and his gang managed to outrun the bear. They vowed never to go recklessly into the jungle or shoot at any bird or bear.

Story Writing Practice Stories for Class 9 CBSE

1. Captain Risha Meher, the captain of a merchant ship S.S. Ashwamedha, found the ship caught in a storm off the coast of Nicobar Islands. She ordered her team to take the lifeboats and abandon the ship. Captain Risha Meher was the last to leave the ship, along with her first mate, Jatin Handa. The two were carried to an island. The next morning, strange sounds woke up Captain Risha Meher. She found Jatin was not there with her. Stealthily moving forward, she peeped to see what the shouts were about. She found a tied and bound Jatin surrounded by some stranger. As Captain Risha Meher, write the story of your adventure in 150-200 words.

2. An eminent bacteriologist, Dr Hargobind Narula, went to the tropical rainforests of South America to study some new strains of disease-causing bacteria. There, while carrying out his explorations, he came across a remote, uninhabited area and set up his camp there. A few months later he wrote to his friend.
Given below is an excerpt from his letter:

“You are aware that the country around some parts of the Amazon is still only partially explored. I had occasion to spend a night at a small Indian village at a point where a certain tributary—the name and position of which I withhold—opens into the main river. There perched on a tree I saw a dimorphodon or pterodactyl, a flying reptile of the Jurassic period.”

As Dr Hargobind Narula, write a story about your adventure with the dinosaurs. Do not exceed 150 words.

3. This is the year 3500. While cleaning up the garage in your house, you come across your great-great-grandfather’s diaries about his days in school.
Using the hints given, write a story about the changes that have taken place between 20XX (the current year) and 3500 (150 words).

20XX  3500
dress-T-shirts, jeans, shoes air-conditioned bodysuits
school-community schools  individual schools/specially programmed robots as teachers
Transport-bikes, cars  jet engines fitted as backpacks
Books-paper  moving screen with pictures

4. Choose one of the well-known characters/people given below in the box and write a short story on a day in their life. Remember to use your imagination to make them come to life even if you don’t know the characters. Write the story in about 150-200 words.

Wonder, Woman, Helen, Keller, Tintin, Birbal, Charlie, Chaplin, Serena, Williams, Tansen, Hermione, Granger

5. Imagine that these two aliens, who look like giant ants, came to your school one day. Write a story in about 150-200 words about the incident.

6. Use the given words as hints and write a story in about 150-200 words. Also give a suitable title.

Break In, Robbery, House, Broken, Glass, Streetlight, People, Police, Dash, Escaped, Money

7. Your school is celebrating Road Safety Week. You are participating in a short story competition to make people aware of the importance of road safety.
Write a moving short story titled “The Rules of the Road” in about 150-200 words.

Diary Entry for Class 9 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples

Diary Entry for Class 9 CBSE

Diary writing is the writing down of events, transactions and observations in a highly personalized manner. It is wrapped around creative thoughts and is basically the outpouring of what one feels or has experienced with regard to a particular stimulus. A diary can be written on a daily basis or at intervals, depending on the inclination of the writer.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Diary Entry Class 9 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples PDF

Some of the essential characteristics of a diary are:

  • It should be written in chronological order.
  • The day, date, place, and time of entry in the diary should be included.
  • A suitable descriptive heading or some hints about the topic written about may be included.
  • The main body of the diary should’be written in a comprehensive manner giving a precise yet complete description of an event, a place, or a person.
  • It should express the writer’s point of view and lay stress on feelings and emotions rather than on the event itself.
  • It should be personalised and written in the first person and maybe in the past tense.
  • The writing should be informative as it is a spontaneous piece of writing.
  • A signature at the end of the day’s diary entry can be given to authenticate it, and for future reference.

Diary Entry Exercise Solved Examples for Class 9 CBSE

Question 1.
Today when you were on your way to school, a man walking just in front of you dropped his wallet. He did not realize he had dropped it. What did you do? Write a diary entry about the incident.

day; date Tuesday, 20 June.
feelings I am really proud of what I did today!
incident I saw a man drop his wallet as he got into the car. The wallet was stuffed with cash. Tried to call out but he drove off. Got the contact number from the wallet and called up. Was Trappy to get his wallet back.
further action
follow up Praised me for my honesty.

Question 2.
You are going on a school picnic with your classmates and teachers. You are very excited. The night before the trip you sit down to write your diary. Describe what you have planned for the picnic and how you hope to enjoy yourself there. You are Ramesh. Write your dairy in 100-150 words.

Friday, 14 October 20XX
Dear Diary,

9 p.m.

A School Picnic

I am very excited tonight. I am going on a picnic tomorrow with my classmates. Some of our teachers will also accompany us. We have been planning for this trip ever since our Principal gave us permission a month ago.

We are going to Lodhi Park. It has a large ground where children can run and play freely. My mother has made a dozen sandwiches and a cake for me. My friends will also be bringing some food, and we shall all share, eat and play. For me, it’s like a dream come true as I had been longing to visit the park for a long. I am so much looking forward to it.

I feel I just cannot go to sleep tonight. I keep imagining all the fun that we ar& going to have tomorrow. But my mother warned me that if I do not go to sleep now, I might fall asleep at the picnic.

So, good night!
Ramesh

Question 3.
It was your first time traveling in a local train in Mumbai. Record the events you experienced in your diary in about 100-150 words.

(date)
7 p.m., FridayLocal trains in Mumbai are the worst.I had a very bad experience in one of the local trains in Mumbai. This is my third time in the city. Although the city is very nice, I don’t like public transport. The roads are small and the traffic in the train station itself is overwhelming. After catching the train I realised that it was very crowded and at one point in time, I was almost pushed off the train. It was quite dangerous. Hope I don’t have to catch a local train in Mumbai again.(your name)

Question 4.
You are Ashish living in Delhi. You had to attend a wedding ceremony in Mumbai. Your father took you there by airplane. You are very excited as it was your first journey by plane. Write a diary entry in 100-150 words sharing your experience.

Thursday, October 2, 20XX
Dear Diary

8:45 p.m.

I wish to share with you the excitement of my first flight to Mumbai. As it was my first experience, I was a bit nervous.

On Monday, we boarded the huge aircraft where an air hostess greeted us with a smile. I occupied the window seat to enjoy my flight. As our plane took off I felt relaxed. When I looked down everything appeared to be very small.

It was so picturesque that if I were a poet I would have composed a poem. I was enjoying every moment of my journey.

After about two hours, we landed at the Mumbai airport. Before landing at the airport, I looked down to see the largest slums of Asia, ‘Dharavi slums’ about which I had heard so often from my father. Mumbai airport really looked amazing. I along with family also bought a few chocolates from the shop. It was a great adventure in my life.

Ashish

Diary Entry Format For Class 9 Diagnostic test 3

You had the most difficult test today but you knew everything on the paper. You answered all the questions and you are really happy with how things turned out. Write a diary entry about it. Start with the anxiety you felt before you saw the question paper.

(day, date)
I was (a) ………………………………….. . I couldn’t (b) ………………………………….. . I thought I would in this subject. I could believe (d) ………………………………….. . I actually knew (e) ………………………………….. . I could answer all the questions. I can’t wait (f) ……………………………………

Answer:
(a) was really worried about the test today
(b) last night because I kept thinking about it
(c) definitely fail
(d) believe my eyes when I saw the question paper
(e) how to answer all the questions
(f) for the results to be announced

Score yourself for each diagnostic test:
5 – good
4 – satisfactory
3 or less – you need to develop writing skills through adequate practice

Diary Entry Practice Exercise for Class 9 CBSE

Question 1.
Have you ever disobeyed specific instructions given by your parents? If so, what did you do? What was the consequence of your disobedience? Write a diary entry about the time you disobeyed your parents leading to serious consequences.

Question 2.
Your Summative Assessment examinations are round the corner. The syllabus is vast and whenever you sit down to study you are unable to concentrate as you are very nervous. You feel you may let down your parents and your teachers who have a lot of expectations from you. Write a diary entry about your feelings in about 100-150 words.

Question 3.
Your friend wants your opinion on a new friend whom you do not approve of. Will you tell your friend your true feelings or what he/she would like to hear? Write a diary entry in about 100-150 words about your dilemma.

Question 4.
Write a diary entry that begins, “I wish I could forget the time I… because …” in about 100-150 words.

Question 5.
You saw a 3D film. Write a diary entry in about 100-150 words about the experience.

Question 6.
You are Hritik/Ritika. One of your classmates has decided to skip school without informing the teachers. Write a diary entry about what you did and what happened? Give an account of the events in the form of a diary entry in not more than 150 words.

Unseen Passage for Class 7 CBSE With Answers

Unseen Passage for Class 7 CBSE With Answers

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

Unseen Passage for Class 7 CBSE With Answers Pdf

A. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. The introduction of harmful waste materials that are hazardous to life, the natural world and our activities, is commonly known as pollution. Pollution has harmful effects on the ecosystem. It disturbs the balance of biosphere in which living beings survive.

2. This imbalance of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and water vapour causes discomfort to all living organisms on the planet. It depletes the ozone layer over the earth that defends us from the damaging ultraviolet rays of the sun. The major types of environmental pollution are air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, soil pollution and light pollution.

3. Environmental pollution is caused by deforestation and hazardous gaseous emissions Air pollution is caused by the smoke emitted by cars, buses, trucks, trains and factories. This is known to cause lung cancer, asthma, allergies, and various skin and breathing problems along with severe and irreparable damage to flora and fauna. Water pollution is caused when industrial waste products are released into lakes, rivers, and other water bodies. This is destructive for the marine ecosystem. Noise pollution is caused by loud noises from aircraft, cars, buses and trucks, vehicle horns, loudspeakers and industry noise.

Soil pollution is a result of acid rain, polluted water, fertilizers, etc. In short, this occurs when chemicals are released into the soil. Light pollution includes use of excess lighting equipment. The excessive and inappropriate artificial light causes several phenomena that decrease visibility and cause visual discomforts like glare, urban sky glow2 and light trespass}. Light pollution is a great hindrance to astronomy as it has become increasingly difficult to view the night sky because of interference from artificial light.

4. The last decade has witnessed an alarming rise in environmental pollution. This problem is even more alarming as this has caused irreparable damage to the earth.

A.1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. What is pollution?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. How does pollution affect the environment?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. How does the reduction of the ozone layer affect us?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Mention four different kinds of pollution.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What are the two chief causes of environmental pollution?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. What is the main cause of water pollution?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Mention any two causes of noise pollution.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. What is the most disturbing consequence of increasing pollution?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. The introduction of harmful waste materials that are hazardous to life, the natural world and our activities, is what is termed as pollution. Thus, pollution is caused by an imbalance of waste in our environment.

2. Pollution causes an imbalance of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and water vapour. This causes discomfort to all living organisms on the planet. Air pollution is also known to cause lung cancer, asthma, allergies, and various breathing problems along with severe and irreparable damage to flora and fauna. Water pollution destroys our marine life.

3. Ozone layer defends us from the damaging ultraviolet rays of the sun. Its depletion leads to these rays reaching us directly and harming us in various wa

4. The four different kinds of pollution include water pollution, soil pollution, air pollution and noise pollution.

5. The two chief causes of environmental pollution are deforestation and hazardous gaseous emissions.

6. Water pollution is caused when industrial waste products are released into lakes, rivers, and other water bodies. This has destroyed our marine life. It is no longer hospitable.

7. Noise pollution is caused by loud noises that may be caused by aircraft, cars, buses, and trucks, vehicle horns, loudspeakers, and industry noise, as well as high-intensity sonar effects.

8. Pollution has harmful effects on the ecosystem. It disturbs the balance of biosphere in which living beings survive. The last decade has witnessed an alarming rise in environmental pollution. This problem is even more alarming as this has caused irreparable damage to the earth.

A.2. Which words in the passage mean the following?

1. dangerous
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. disproportion
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. intrusion
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. permanent
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. hazardous/harmful
2. imbalance
3. trespass
4. irreparable

B. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Adventure sports or extreme sports are recreational activities that are known to involve a high degree of risk. These risks could be in the form of speed, height, or a high level of physical exertion, and involve the use of highly specialized sports equipment. Hence, adventure sports require skills and physical prowess. These sports are usually competitive in nature. These are bold undertakings that involve hazardous action and their outcome is almost always uncertain. These are all about excitement. While some people do it for sheer fun, some others do it to test. The idea of unbounded freedom draws many to the sport.

2. Adventure sports encompass a very wide range of activities that require unusual physical and mental challenges. Some of these are skydiving, bungee jumping, surfing, skiing, sand – boarding ng, snowboarding, jet – boating, white – water rafting and scuba diving Adventure sports are undertaken at various places depending on the topography and weather conditions. Many of them are undertaken in hilly and mountainous areas. On snow-covered mountains, it is possible to carry out activities like skiing and sledging. Hang – gliding involves piloting a flexible wing aircraft by shifting one’s weight on to it.

Lahaul and Spiti, Solan and Billing in Himachal Pradesh are known for paragliding. Hot air ballooning is another adventure sport that is gaining popularity in India. This involves sailing across high altitudes in a basket hanging from a giant nylon balloon filled with hot air. The Western Ghats and Aravalli Hills also provide good opportunities for rock climbing. Adventure water sports like kayaking, sailing, surfing, watching are practised in coastal areas. Bird watching, camping and wildlife safaris have drawn a lot of sportspersons as well as other people too.

B.1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. What are adventure sports or extreme sports?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What do these sports involve?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What are the basic requirements of these sports?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Why do people undertake hazardous sports? Give two reasons.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Why do people find these sports exciting?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Why do more people these days are likely to take to these sports?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Mention some adventure sports.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. How does topography affect the choice of sport?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. Adventure sports or extreme sports are recreational activities that are known to involve a high degree of risk. These risks could be in the form of speed, height, a high level of physical exertion, and highly specialized sports equipment.

2. Adventure sports involve hazardous action and uncertain outcomes. They are all about excitement. While some people do it for sheer fun, some others do it for testing the limits of what is humanly possible.

3. Adventure sports require a high level of physical exertion and highly specialized sports equipment. Hence, a person who wants to undertake them requires skills and physical prowess.

4. Some people undertake adventure sports it for sheer fun, while some others do it for testing the limits of what is humanly possible. The idea of unbounded freedom draws many to the sport. Apart from this, most jobs require sitting in offices or doing some moderate activity. Hence, people are more likely to try out adventure and adrenaline-fuelled activities.

5. Adventure sports encompass a very wide range of activities that require unusual physical and mental challenges. This is one of the reasons that people find these sports exciting?

6. Most jobs nowadays require sitting in offices or doing some moderate activity. Hence, people are more likely to try out adventure and adrenaline-fuelled activities.

7. Some adventure sports include skydiving, bungee jumping, surfing, skiing, sand-boarding, snowboarding, jet-boating, white water rafting and scuba diving.

8. Adventure sports are undertaken at various places depending on the topography and weather conditions. Many of them are undertaken in hilly and mountainous areas. On snow-covered mountains, it is possible to carry out activities like skiing and sledging.

B. 2. Give words from the passage that are the antonyms of words given below.

1. safety
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. relaxation
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. strenuous
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. rigid
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. risk
2. excitement
3. moderate
4. flexible

C. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
1. The diverse culture in India has had a very positive impact on its rich tradition of folk arts. Various tribes that live in the interiors of various states practise their distinct arts.

2. One such art form is Warli. This beautiful folk art of Maharashtra was traditionally created by tribal women. This art takes its name from Warli, the largest tribe found on the northern outskirts of Mumbai. Although they live in close proximity of the largest metropolis in India, the Warli tribesmen shun all influences of modern urbanization. This art was first discovered in the early seventies but according to some art critics, its roots may be traced to as early as the 10th century A.D. This art expresses the daily and social events of the Warli tribe. This was once the only way to transmit culture when people had not learnt the written word. Hence, one can see pictures of human beings engaged in activities like hunting, dancing, sowing and harvesting, along with scenes from daily life. These tribal people draw these designs with white paint on the mud walls of their house. They use basic materials for painting like rice paste with water and gum for white and a bamboo stick that has been chewed on that serves as a brush.

3. The Warli paintings earlier had no straight lines. These lines are a series of dots and dashes. However, of late, artists have recently started drawing straight lines. Moreover, these days Warli paintings are often done on paper. These painting have modern elements such as bicycle and car. Warli paintings on paper have become very popular and are now sold all over India. The incorporation of these elements have helped sell these paintings in the modern day world.

4. The tribals are forest – dwellers but the growing popularity of the Warli paintings has helped many tribals earn a decent living and becoming integrated with the mainstream.

C.1. Answer the following questions very briefly.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1. What has been the effect of a varied way of life on Indian art?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Where did Warli art originate?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Which statement in the passage shows that Warli is an ancient art?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What pictures did older Warli art depict?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What was the canvas used to draw?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. How did Warli tribals make their paint and brush?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. How has the Warli art changed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. How does the art help Warli tribals?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. The diverse culture and a varied life in India has had a very positive impact on its rich tradition of folk arts. This allows various tribes that live in the interiors of various states to practise their distinct arts.

2. The Warli art originated in the northern outskirts of Mumbai in Maharashtra.

3. The following statement in the passage shows that Warli is an ancient art is: This art was first discovered in the early seventies but according to some art critics, its roots may be traced to as early as the 10th century.

4. Warli art expressed the daily and social events of the Warli tribe. This was once the only way to transmit culture when people had not learnt the written word. Hence, one can see pictures of human beings engaged in activities like hunting, dancing, sowing and harvesting, along with scenes from daily life.

5. Warli is designed with white paint on the mud walls of their house.

6. Basic materials are used for painting like rice paste with water and gum for white paint and a bamboo stick that has been chewed on that serves as a brush.

7. The Warli paintings earlier had no straight lines. These lines are a series of dots and dashes. However, of late, artists have recently started drawing straight lines. Moreover, these days Warli paintings are often done on paper. These painting have modern elements such as bicycle and car. Warli paintings on paper have become very popular and are now sold all over India.

8. The tribals who paint the Warli art are forest-dwellers but the growing popularity of the Warli paintings has helped many tribals earn a decent living and becoming integrated with the mainstream.

D. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Puppets are models of human and animals. They have movable joints that are either controlled by strings from above or by placing the puppeteer’s hand inside the model. Puppets come in various shapes, sizes and materials. Puppetry is an ancient art form. It is believed to have originated about 3,000 years ago. Puppets are often used to communicate the ideas and needs of the society as well as for normal entertainment.

2. Hand puppets are also known as glove puppets as they are worn like a glove. Usually, the index finger serves as the neck while the thumb and the middle finger perform the arms of the puppet. Rod puppets are also known as the stick puppet as they are supported by sticks. To create shadow puppets, a shadow is cast using a cloth screen with a projector or a very bright light from behind. These are made of translucent materials such as coloured plastics for some colours to pass through the puppet. In the finger puppet, the puppeteer uses each finger for a different character.

3. The ventriloquist’s dummy is quite big. Usually, it is as big as a half of a regular adult. It sits on the ventriloquist’s knee, and is a human-like puppet that is supported from the back by the ventriloquist, who is in a conversation with his puppet. Marionettes are string – operated puppets that can move around a certain stage. Water puppets are made out of wood and immersed in a waist-deep pool. A large bamboo rod supports the puppet under the water and the puppets appear to be moving over the water. Puppetry is a traditional art used to educate and entertain. Since it is primarily a visual art, it can communicate to people of all languages. Puppets are also a very important and effective method for children to learn. They can stimulate a child’s imagination.

D. 1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. What are puppets?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Why are puppets used for?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Why are glove puppets called so?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. How is a shadow puppet created using a shadow?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What does ventriloquist’s dummy do?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. What are water puppets made of? How do they stay immersed in water?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Why was puppetry successful in its purpose?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. What are the two ways that puppets are used in the modern-day world?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. Puppets are movable models of humans or animals that are typically moved either by strings, controlled from above or by a hand inside it. Puppets come in various shapes, sizes and materials.

2. Puppetry is an ancient art form. It is believed to have originated about 3,000 years ago. Puppets have been used to communicate the ideas and needs of the society.

3. Hand puppets are also known as glove puppets. These get their name as they are worn like a glove. Usually, the index finger serves as the neck while the thumb and the middle finger perform the arms of the puppet.

4. To create shadow puppets, a shadow is cast using a cloth screen with a projector or a very bright light from behind. These are made of translucent materials such as coloured plastics for some colours to pass through the puppet.

5. A ventriloquist’s dummy sits on the ventriloquist’s knee, and is a human-like puppet that is supported from the back by the ventriloquist, who is in a conversation with his puppet.

6. Water puppets are made out of wood and immersed in a waist-deep pool. A large bamboo rod supports the puppet under the water and the puppets appear to be moving over the water.

7. Puppetry is a traditional art that was used to educate and entertain. This is why puppetry was successful in its purpose.

8. Puppetry can communicate to people who are not literate or for those who even do not understand spoken language. Puppets are also a very important and effective method for children to learn. They can stimulate a child’s imagination.

E. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Fifty years ago people ate ice cream only in the summer. Now it is eaten all the year-round. It originated in the Orient, centuries before English schoolboys first tasted it. Marco Polo saw people eating it there and brought back the idea to Italy. From Italy, the idea was carried to France. It became very popular with the rich, in France, and an effort was even made to keep the recipes a secret from the common people. But, of course, they soon learned about this delicious new food and ice cream became popular with everyone. Soon, it spread all over the world.

2. The first factory to manufacture ice cream was started in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1851. However, the real development of ice cream and the ice cream business didn’t take place until after 1900 with new developments in refrigeration. 3. The basis of all ice cream is cream, milk or milk solids, sugar and sometimes eggs.

Vanilla, chocolate, berries, fruit ingredients and nuts are added as flavours. This is the usual proportion of ingredients in ice cream: about eighty to eighty – five per cent cream and milk products, fifteen per cent sugar, half to four – and – a – half per cent flavouring and three – tenths of one per cent stabilizer. A small amount of gelatin is used in order to retain the smoothness of the ice cream by preventing the formation of ice crystals. When you eat a third of a pint of vanilla ice cream, you are getting about as much calcium, protein and vitamin B as are in half a cup of whole milk, and as much vitamin A and calories as are in one cup of milk.

E.1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. a. Where was ice cream first made in?
i. Europe ii. the East iii. Africa
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. In which season was ice cream eaten earlier?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. a. In which country did it become very popular?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. Who wanted to keep the ice cream recipe a secret?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Why did the manufacture of ice cream increase after 1900?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. a. What is ice cream made from?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. What is the percentage of cream and other milk products in an ice cream?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. Which ingredient prevents the formation of ice crystals?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Is ice cream a wholesome food? Give a reason for your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

F. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. The World Animal Day is celebrated on 4th October every year to raise the status of animals in order to improve their welfare standards across the globe. It was started in 1931 at a convention of ecologists in Florence, Italy, as a way of highlighting the plight of endangered species. October 4 was chosen as World Animal Day as it is the Feast Day of St. Francis of Assisi, the patron saint of animals. On this day, animal welfare organizations, communities, clubs, businesses and individuals are encouraged to organize events in the celebration of World Animal Day. The mission is to connect animal advocates from all corners of the world. It is a cause for celebration for animals – lovers.

2. This day is a social movement to fight for social justice and reform. The animal welfare movement is made up of individuals or groups that have made the decision to use their time, talents and resources to help make the world a better place for animals. This is so because the lives of animals are greatly affected by the actions of humans. Therefore, it is important that the awareness of animal issues is increased. It is essential that, as sentient beings, their rightful status as recipients of social justice is realized to develop a compassionate culture.

3. To celebrate World Animal Day, a variety of inspiring events are held each year. These include awareness and educational events, pet adoption events, conferences and workshops, fund raising events such as concerts, sponsored walks, veterinary treatment camps, rabies prevention awareness and vaccinations, radio and TV interviews, peaceful marches, etc.

4. These are wildly diverse. In Australia, marchers have called for an end to poaching elephants and rhinoceroses. In India, a community has released indigenous birds, such as herons and egrets, into a clean and healthy environment. In Panama, an animal shelter offers a spay/neuter clinic for dogs and cats. The World Animal Day thus works to accelerate the process of invoking global concern towards the plight of animals and to unite animal lovers worldwide.

F. 1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. Why is World Animal Day celebrated?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. How was the celebration of this day initiated?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What is the mission of the World Animal Day?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Why is it important to involve more people in the movement?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. How is the awareness about animals created?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Why are the events widely diverse in countries?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. What was India’s initiative to celebrate the day?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. What does the World Animal Day aspire to do?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. The World Animal Day is celebrated to raise the status of animals in order to improve, their welfare standards across the globe.

2. It originated in 1931 at a convention of ecologists in Florence, Italy, as a way of highlighting the plight of endangered species.

3. The mission of the World Animal Day is to connect animal advocates from all corners of the world. It is a cause for celebration for animals-lovers.

4. The World Animal Day is a social movement to fight for social justice and reform. The animal welfare movement is made up of individuals or groups that have made the decision to use their time, talents and resources to help make the world a better place for animals. This is so because the lives of animals are greatly affected by the actions of humans. Therefore, it is important that the awareness of animal issues is increased and more people are involved in the movement.

5. In order to celebrate World Animal Day and spread awareness, a variety of inspiring events are held each year. These include awareness and educational events, pet adoption events, conferences and workshops, fundraising events such as concerts, sponsored walks, veterinary treatment camps, rabies prevention awareness and vaccinations, radio and TV interviews, peaceful marches, etc.

6. The events widely are diverse in countries because different species are found in different parts of the world.

7. In India, a community released indigenous birds, such as herons and egrets, into a clean and healthy environment to celebrate the day.

8. The World Animal Day aspires to accelerate the process of invoking global concern towards the plight of animals and to unite animal lovers worldwide.

F. 2. Pick the antonyms of the following words from the passage.

1. worsen
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. disconnect
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. ignorance
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. unfeeling
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. improve
2. connect
3. awareness
4. compassionate

G. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Ayurveda in Sanskrit means “life – knowledge” or “science of life”. It is a system of medicine that originated in the Indian subcontinent more than 5,000 years ago. The ancient Vedic literature by sages has clearly laid out instructions to maintain health as well as fighting illnesses through therapies, massages, herbal medicines, diet control and exercise. Now modernized practices derived from Ayurveda are popular all over the world and are known as alternative medicine. The primary goal of Ayurvedic medicine is to help people live long, healthy and balanced lives without the need for prescription drugs, complicated surgeries or suffering through painful conditions.

2. Ayurveda is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a balance between the mind, body and spirit. Its main goal is to promote good health, not fight diseases. So, a patient’s approach, attitude and conduct are often responsible for causing him health problems. Ayurveda believes that a negative attitude or negative thoughts can affect mental as well as physical health. It also believes overeating or excess fasting, and a lack of activity and overexertion is harmful for the body and leads to disharmony and disease. Therefore, the practice of yoga, meditation and attention towards one’s conduct are an integral part of the Ayurvedic treatment. But treatments may be geared towards specific health problems.

3. Ayurveda is witnessing a great revival worldwide with thousands of people looking for a holistic, sustainable, safe and effective form of treatment. Until just a few decades ago, modern science had not studied the role of diet and lifestyle in the manifestation and management of the disease. On the other hand, Ayurveda has been doing so for thousands of years. Consequently, the Ayurvedic system has reached an expertise in the role of food and lifestyle in diseases.

For example, it is a fact that the excess consumption of sweets can cause our blood sugar level to shoot up, while spicy food can lead to ulcers or acidity. Going late to bed and sleeping till late in the morning can disturb the metabolism and cause metabolic disorders. Ayurveda recognized these facts long ago and charted out easy and practical guidelines for food and lifestyle.

G.1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. Where does Ayurveda get its name from?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What do the Vedas suggest for good health?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What is the aim of Ayurvedic medicine?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What does Ayurveda say about good health?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Why is mental health important to an Ayurvedic doctor?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Why is yoga an important part of Ayurveda?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. What is Ayurveda’s position in the world today?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. What does Ayurveda excel in?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. Ayurveda gets its name from Sanskrit and means “life-knowledge” or “science of life”.

2. The ancient Vedas suggest that in order to maintain health as well as fight illness, therapies, massages, herbal medicines, diet control and exercise are very important.

3. The primary goal of Ayurvedic medicine is to help people live long, healthy and balanced lives without the need for prescription drugs, complicated surgeries or suffering through painful conditions.

4. Ayurveda is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a balance between the mind, body and spirit. Its main goal is to promote good health, not fight diseases. So, a patient’s approach, attitude and conduct are often responsible for causing him health problems.

5. Ayurveda believes that a negative attitude or negative thoughts can affect mental as well as physical health. This is why mental health is important to an Ayurvedic doctor.

6. Ayurveda believes that overeating or excess fasting, and a lack of activity and overexertion is harmful for the body and leads to disharmony and disease. This is why is yoga is an important part of Ayurveda.

7. Ayurveda is witnessing a great revival worldwide with thousands of people looking for a holistic, sustainable, safe and effective form of treatment.

8. Ayurveda excels in the role of diet and lifestyle in the manifestation and management of the disease. On the other hand, In fact, the Ayurvedic system has reached an expertise in the role of food and lifestyle in diseases. For example, it is a fact that the excess consumption of sweets can cause our blood sugar level to shoot up, while spicy food can lead to ulcers or acidity. Going late to bed and sleeping till late in the morning can disturb the metabolism and cause metabolic disorders. Ayurveda recognized these facts long ago and charted out easy and practical guidelines for food and lifestyle.

H. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), fast foods are characterized as quick, easily accessible and cheap alternatives to home-cooked meals. These foods are tess nutritious as compared to traditionally cooked foods. These are considered less healthy because they tend to be high in saturated fat, sugar, salt and calories.

2. In a typically hurry burry generation as ours, there is little time to shop for and prepare meals like the earlier generations. Therefore, most people consider fast food as a convenient source of food. Fast food can be prepared and served within a very short time. Fast food outlets come to the rescue of people who tend to be busy or single people who do not wish to cook.

3. According to the NIH, the consumers nowadays have become health conscious and to meet these needs, some fast-food restaurants have salad bars, whole grain buns, grilled chicken and lean meats. Fast food menu provides people with extensive varieties of ready meals and health drinks. For example, a person can skip sugar drinks and opt for low-fat milk or fresh juices. People can also eliminate unhealthy ingredients in their meals by customizing their orders. A number of fast-food restaurants provide an information sheet on the nutritional content of the food on their menu.

4. Although fast food has got a bunch of advantages, it has some negative effects as well: It poses several health hazards. Fast food is rich in fats, salts, artificial substances and oils. Hence, people with heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes must be cautious. Obesity is also on the rise, owing to the popularity of fast food. Further, most fast meals involve frying and that destroys most of the important nutrients in food. Also, according to NIH, most fast food is still cooked with a large amount of oil and butter. This apart, they often do not include fruits and vegetables in their menus.

5. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), fast food can be good for the heart with a little planning. The Association suggests skipping “value” meals that give in extra food so that the quantity of intake is curtailed. The nutritional value of fast food can be enhanced by requesting a wheat bun and keeping away the cheese and sauces.

6. However, there is no substitute for homemade food that has more nutritional value and costs less than fast food.

H.1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. What category of foods can be called fast foods?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Why are these foods less healthy?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Why does the modern generation find these foods convenient?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. How have fast food outlets changed their menus? Mention two points.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. How can one opt for a healthy option even at fast food joints?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Mention two harmful effects of fast food.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. What are the two better options when opting for fast food?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. What are the two advantages of home-cooked food over fast food?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), fast foods are characterized as quick, easily accessible and cheap alternatives to home-cooked meals. These foods are less nutritious as compared to traditionally cooked foods.

2. These foods are considered less healthy because they tend to be high in saturated fat, sugar, salt and calories.

3. The modern generation is always in a hurry. So, there is little time for them to shop for and prepare meals like the earlier generations. Therefore, most people consider fast food as a convenient source of food. Fast food can be prepared and served within a very short time. Fast food outlets come to the rescue of people who tend to be busy or single people who do not wish to cook.

4. Fast food outlets have changed their menus quite a lot. Some fast-food restaurants have salad bars, whole grain buns, grilled chicken and lean meats. Fast food menu provides people with extensive varieties of ready meals and health drinks.

5. A person can skip sugar drinks and opt for low-fat milk or fresh juices. People can also eliminate unhealthy ingredients in their meals by customizing their orders. A number of fast-food restaurants provide an information sheet on the nutritional content of the food on their menu.

6. Fast foods pose several health hazards. They are rich in fats, salts, artificial substances and oils. Hence, people with heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes must be cautious. Obesity is also on the rise, owing to the popularity of fast food. Further, most fast meals involve frying and that destroys most of the important nutrients in food.

7. While opting for fast food, one should skip “value” meals that give in extra food so that the quantity of intake is curtailed. The nutritional value of fast food can also be enhanced by requesting a wheat bun and keeping away the cheese and sauces.

8. Home-cooked food has more nutritional value and costs less than fast food.

H.2. Give words from the passage that are synonyms of words given below.

1. easy to get
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. options
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. wide-ranging
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. leaving out
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. accessible
2. options
3. extensive
4. skipping

I. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO) suggests that this is an unexplained aerial phenomenon but these are suspected spacecraft on which the aliens travel. These UFO sightings have been reported in various parts of the world and have been a major subject of interest since times immemorial. These curious flying objects have mentioned in legends as well as seen in stone carvings. Even Jacob Grimm’s fairytales included a story of a flying ship.

2. However in the recent past, in 1947, Kenneth Arnold, an American businessman while flying in his private plane near the northwest Pacific coast saw nine such objects in the sky. He described them as “flat like pie – pan, and so shiny that they reflected the sun like mirror” flying at an amazing speed of 1,700 mph, speed unheard of then.

3. After various reports, the United States Air Force began investigating to find out more about these “flying saucers.” They dismissed these reports calling them weather balloons, highflying aeroplanes, vapour trails, and meteorites, or even birds. They claimed some of these claims were hoaxes.

4. In 1954, a Frenchman who spotted this luminous object described it to be like a huge cigar. It was edged with a bright halo of light. This description was repeated by three American school boys, in 1965, when they saw this “ball of light”, about eight feet across, coming rapidly from the sky.

5. The reports remain unconfirmed and raise many questions on its reliability because descriptions vary greatly. Some describe aliens as little men, while others describe them as giants. Moreover, a bright light, such as the planet Venus, often appears to move. Astronomical objects can also be disconcerting to drivers, as they seem to “follow” the car. But certainly if we can land on moon and send rockets into space, there can be inhabitants on the other planets who are doing the same!

I.1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. What are UFOs?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What have been people’s reactions to these sightings?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Quote two examples from the passage that show UFO have been talked about for long.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What did Kenneth Arnold spot?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What was most mysterious about the sighting?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. How did United States Air Force react to these reports?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. What did the Frenchman see?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Why is the reliability of the reports doubtful?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO) suggests that this is an unexplained aerial phenomenon but these are suspected spacecraft on which the aliens travel.

2. These UFO sightings have been reported in various parts of the world and have been a major subject of interest since times immemorial.

3. These curious flying objects or UFOs have mentioned in legends as well as seen in stone carvings. Even Jacob Grimm’s fairytales included a story of a flying ship.

4. Kenneth Arnold, an American businessman, while flying in his private plane near the northwest Pacific coast saw nine such objects in the sky that looked like a flying ship.

5. Kenneth described the sightings as “flat like pie-pan, and so shiny that they reflected the sun like mirror” flying at an amazing speed of 1,700 mph, speed unheard of then. This was the most mysterious thing about the sighting.

6. After various reports, the United States Air Force began investigating to find out more about the “flying saucers.” They dismissed these reports calling them weather balloons, highflying aeroplanes, vapour trails, and meteorites, or even birds. They claimed some of these claims were hoaxes.

7. In 1954, a Frenchman who spotted this luminous object described it to be like a huge cigar. It was edged with a bright halo of light. This description was repeated by three American school boys, in 1965, when they saw this “ball of light”, about eight feet across, coming rapidly from the sky.

8. The reports remain unconfirmed and raise many questions on its reliability because descriptions vary greatly. Some describe aliens as little men, while others describe them as giants. Moreover, a bright light, such as the planet Venus, often appears to move. Astronomical objects can also be disconcerting to drivers, as they seem to “follow” the car.

J. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

1. Travel is the activity of going from one place to another place. Making trips every day to the same place, work or school, is called “commuting”. Travelling is known to have many advantages. The foremost advantage that it offers is of meeting new people and making friends. One could improve business contacts as well as learn new skills. It is educative in the sense that one is exposed to various languages, foods, cultures, etc and this widens the worldview. During the process, we look at and experience the world from other people’s perspectives.

Thus, our outlook becomes more global. Travelling also de-stresses people. As they move out of their mundane routine, they leave behind the stresses of home and work. One of the best things about travelling is that it helps you store wonderful memories for a lifetime. Photographs and souvenirs bought back from such places are treasured because of memories associated with these travels.

2. However, travelling can have its pitfalls too. It is an expensive exercise and can upset your budget. Travelling in groups can reduce expenses, and offer more safety, but it offers no space for private time and individual’s interests. Hence, many people advocate appreciating the good things they have at home. The ecological impact is the greatest disadvantage. The carbon footprint that we leave behind because of the resources we deplete is immeasurable.

Travelling in itself can be a tedious process that involves booking tickets, packing, waiting at airports and stations, booking hotels, etc. Taking time out from your work is not an easy process. The security of the empty house because of burglaries can be a major disadvantage. Moreover, one often hears of travellers getting homesick. If you have pets, leaving them behind in someone’s custody can be a painful experience.

J.1. Answer the following questions very briefly.

1. What is the difference in travelling and commuting?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. How does travelling have a positive impact on the business?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. How does travelling improve learning?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. How is travelling a stress buster?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. How do photos and souvenirs from our travels give us pleasure?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. What are the two advantages of travelling in groups?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. How does travel affect the environment?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Mention two disadvantages of travelling.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. Travel is the activity of going from one place to another place. Making trips every day to the same place, work or school, is called “commuting”.

2. Travelling helps in meeting new people and making friends. Thus, it helps to improve business contacts as well as learn new skills.

3. Travel is educative in the sense that one is exposed to various languages, foods, cultures, etc and this widens the worldview. During the process, we look at and experience the world from other people’s perspectives. Thus, our outlook becomes more global.

4. Travelling helps people de-stress. As they move out of their mundane routine, they leave behind the stresses of home and work.

5. Travelling helps you store wonderful memories for a lifetime. Photographs and souvenirs bought back from such places are treasured because of memories associated with these travels.

6. Travelling in groups can reduce expenses, and offer more safety.

7. Travelling has an ecological impact on the planet. When we travel, the carbon footprint that we leave behind because of the resources we deplete is immeasurable.

8. Travelling is an expensive exercise and can upset your budget. In itself, it can be a tedious process that involves booking tickets, packing, waiting at airports and stations, booking hotels, etc. Taking time out from your work is not an easy process. The security of the empty house because of burglaries can be a major disadvantage.

j.2. Which words in the passage mean the following?

1. primary
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. point of view
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. dull
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. drawback
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Answer:
1. foremost
2. perspectives/outlook
3. mundane
4. pitfalls/disadvantage

Report Writing for Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Samples, Types

Report Writing for Class 12

A report is a factual description of an issue or a problem. A report is written for a clear purpose and for a particular audience. Various forms of reports are: newspaper reports, inquiry reports, progress or action taken report, a police report, a report of a meeting, etc., each having a distinct character and format.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 12 English Chapter wise.

Report Writing for Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Samples, Types

A report is a description of an event that has already taken place. It is a factual account of some event or happening that may have occurred somewhere, but is of interest to the general masses or the readers for whom it is meant.

The way a report is written depends upon two major considerations:

  • who is going to read it
  • why is (s)he going to read it

Report Writing Examples For Class 12 CBSE

♦ It may include:

  • the record of a sequence of events.
  • interpretation of the significance of these events or facts.
  • evaluation of the facts or results of the research presented.
  • discussion of the outcome of a decision or course of action.
  • conclusions.
  • recommendations.

♦ Language focus:

The language must be:

  • accurate
  • concise
  • clear
  • well structured (use shorter words rather than longer, with short sentences)
  • free of jargon (may include a few)
  • of uniform verb tense, preferably past tense

♦ Important Points to Remember:

  • A report should be practical and convey all the necessary information.
  • It should be well structured with a title, run into small paragraphs, and should be factual.
  • All information should be factual.
  • Report should have an appropriate conclusion or recommendation.
  • Word limit of 150-200 words.

Report Writing Sample Example for Class 12 CBSE

In order to raise funds for the victims of a recent earthquake, your school organized a cultural night in which the student performers of your school and those from neighborhood schools presented various colorful programs such as songs, dances, fancy-dress shows, one-act plays, etc. Salim Merchant, a top singer of India also made a guest appearance. You were also present, as a reporter, to cover the program. Write a report in 100-125 words for your paper.
Format Of Report Writing For Class 12 Cbse

Queen’s School, Secunderabad, organized a cultural show in aid of the flood-affected people of West Bengal. Complete the following newspaper report based on this activity for publication in The Gazette.

Queen’s School Comes to Aid of Tsunami Victims
By Geetanjali Kaistha

Secundrabad, 24 January (a) …………………………… was organized by the students of Queen’s School in the school auditorium to aid the (b) …………………………… of West Bengal. The senior (c) …………………………… ballet titled “Gaia’ on Mother Earth. Students of the Primary Wing (d) …………………………… the birth of the Ganga. Several other skits and dances (e) …………………………… (f) …………………………… at 100/- each and the auditorium was packed to capacity. A cheque of Rs 1 lakh (g) …………………………… Sh. P.V. Rao, Hon. Education Minister, A.P. for the Flood Relief Fund. The Education Minister (h) …………………………… the quality of the show and their sense of responsibility.

Answer:
(a) A cultural show
(b) flood-affected people
(c) students presented a
(d) enacted a skit on
(e) were performed
(f) The tickets were priced
(g) was presented to
(h) commended the students for

Report Writing Practice Example for Class 12 CBSE

1. 5th June has been recognised as World Environment Day. Your school conducted various activities to commemorate the day. Write a report about it in about 150-200 words for your school magazine. You are Karuna/Karan. (10 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]
Answer:

World Environment Day
By Karan

5 June 20XX, Cuttack – Our school, Odisha Senior Secondary School Cuttack celebrated World Environment Day from 7 a.m. to 11 a.m. on the school campus. The Educational Minister of the state, Mr. Y.S. Patra, inaugurated the exhibition put up by the SST Dept and students of the middle school. There were stalls exhibiting various recycled products, waste management methods, pollution control methods and schemes, awareness through posters, PowerPoint presentations, and role-plays.

The centre stage on the playground used Preserve Our Environment as a theme for songs, dances, mimes, and one-act play saplings were generously distributed to encourage tree plantation at an individual’s level. A debate and recitation competition was held on an inter-school basis. Our school got the Runners-up Trophy while GKP Public was adjudged the Best All-Rounder. The celebration came to an end with a vote of thanks by the Headmistress, Sundarilaal Pathak, and the National Anthem was sung by all of us.

2. The Orissa Government is about to launch an eye-testing drive for schoolchildren in Bhubaneswar. Nilanjana Dalmia interviewed Aditi Mitra, the chief coordinator of the programme, and took down some notes. On the basis of the notes, write Nilanjana’s report in 100–125 words.

Notes: cataract, refractory errors – commonest cause of blindness – lakhs of people lose vision – fully preventable; children-most vulnerable – early detection-very important; 1200 schools to be covered – one teacher from each school-trained to conduct a simple vision test.

3. A newspaper reporter has been sent to report on a road accident. Below you can see one page of his notes. Use the information to complete the report he wrote for his newspaper in 100–125 words. Do not add any new information.

6.35 p.m. 14/10
Kurukshetra – 30 km from Panipat
crash – truck in the ditch
local bus – high speed – middle of the road
truck braked to avoid a collision – swerved
hit tree and overturned
truck driver drunk (Mahinder Singh, 40 yrs)
killed instantly
3 injured – taken to hospital

4. Spring Field School recently organized a course in origami for students of senior classes. Vivek of Class XII writes a report on the program giving necessary details in the school magazine. Write the report in 100–125 words.

5. The Art and Craft Club of your school organized a special clay-modeling competition in the school. As the Secretary of the club, write a report in 100–125 words giving details of the competition. You are Deepanita of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Pondicherry.

6. You have witnessed a clash between a group of college students and a State Transport bus crew which finally ended in the students stoning the buses and the bus crew calling for a flash strike. You are Bimal/Sheenum, a reporter for a national daily. Write a report in 100-125 words about the incident.

7. You are Neeraj/Nandita working for a leading magazine. Last week you attended a seminar on ‘Pleasures of Eye Donation’, organized by the Young Buzz of your school. Write a report on this seminar is not more than 100-125 words for publication in the magazine.

8. You are Abhinav/Akanksha working as a news correspondent for the Indian News Report at Mumbai. You were invited by the organizers to cover the much-awaited programme of pop star Bryan Adams in Mumbai. Write a report on this historic event giving necessary details in not more than 100-125 words for the benefit of the fans of Bryan Adams.

9. You are Rohit/Rashi of Vivekananda Sr. Secondary School of Bangalore. Your school has recently conducted a charity show in aid of the flood-affected people of Andhra Pradesh. As Cultural Secretary of the Students’ Council of your school, write a brief report in not more than 100–125 words on this activity of the school for publication in your local daily.

10. You are Sudarshan/Seema of Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Sr. Secondary School, Allahabad. Your school has inaugurated its new computer wing, constructed with generous grants from the Rajeev Gandhi Foundation. Write a report in not more than 100–125 words for your school magazine on the programme organized by the school on this occasion.

11. You are Savant/Shobha of Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Sr. Secondary School, Pune. Your school just celebrated its Silver Jubilee on completion of its meritorious services to the cause of education. Now write a report in not more than 100–125 words on the programmes that your school conducted on this occasion to be published in The Indian Chronicler.

12. You were a member of your school quiz team which won the CBSE Quiz Contest at the national level. Draft a report about it to be published in your school magazine in about 100–125 words. Sign as Sagar/Sagarika.

13. Your school has celebrated Library Week. As the Head Boy/Head Girl of your school, write a report on it to be published in your school newsletter.

14. You are Pankaj/Parvi. The other day you happened to attend a seminar on ‘Case for Reducing the Retirement Age in Public Sector from 60 to 55’, organized by the Rotary Club of your district. Write a report on this seminar in not more than 100–125 words for publication in a local daily.

15. You are Mukul/Mandakini working as a reporter for a leading newspaper. Yesterday you were invited to a press conference called by the Union Home Minister on the proposed changes in the Constitution of India to provide a stable government to the country. Write a report for the paper in not more than 100–125 words covering what the Home Minister proposed.

16 Write a report in about 100–125 words on the ‘No Tobacco Day’ organized by your school on 4 June 20XX. 3.152 While returning from school you witnessed an accident involving a motorcycle and a bus resulting in the death of the motorcyclist on the spot. Write a report of the accident in about 100–125 words.

17. You are Rajan/Leela. You have observed that health clubs and beauty parlors are mushrooming everywhere. Recently the residents of your colony had attended a seminar on the subject wherein people talked about the growing awareness of health and beauty. Write a report in not more than 125 words for publication in a magazine.

18. Your school has organized an exhibition-cum-sale of the items made by students in their work experience classes. You had an excellent and overwhelming response from the parents and the visitors. The proceeds of the sale have been donated by your school in a function to Helpline India, an organization supporting the cause of orphans. Make a report of the same in 125 words to be published in your school bulletin/magazine.

19. You are Usha/Umesh. As the president of a voluntary organization, you have visited a slum area in your city that was destroyed in a massive fire. Write a report on the tragic situation of these homeless people to be published in a magazine. (Word limit: 125 words)

Message Writing Format, Topics, Examples | Tips on How to Write a Message?

Message Writing

Message Writing is one of the formal types of writing that we come across in our school curriculum. A Message is a certain piece of information provided when we can’t communicate directly or contact them. Go through the complete article to learn the Tips & Tricks for Message Writing. Also, check out the Message Writing Format and Sample Message Writing Topics provided in the later modules for an idea on How to Draft one when needed.

What is Message Writing?

A Message is a short piece of information written to a certain person when you can’t communicate directly. In general, Messages can be either Written or Oral. You can pass the Messages through different mediums such as Phones, Texts, or Emails.

Students are taught about the generic form of English Writing as a part of their English Syllabus. By doing so they can learn on retrieving and interpreting information through the conversation given.

Message Writing Format

You are advised to follow a certain format while drafting a Message. We have outlined the general format for Message Writing here. Have a quick glance at the particulars to be included in the basic message writing and they are as follows

Heading: Begin your Message writing by Placing the heading “Message” written in bold and capitals. Write it down in the middle so that you can grab the attention of the person to whom it is drafted.

Date: Mention the Date on the left-hand side of the page and write it in expanded form.

Time: You can note down the time either on the left-hand or right-hand side of the page as per your convenience. However, place it on the right-hand side to utilize the space wisely.

Salutations: Before beginning the body of the message address the reader so as to avoid any ambiguity and to be polite.

Body: Here you can list out all the important information you want to convey to the person whom you are unable to contact. Stick to the vital information and try to maintain the body short and crisp. Try to avoid lengthy sentences.

Sender: Once you are done with the body of the message mention your name on the left-hand side so that reader can identify the sender.

Enclose the entire message within a box.

Word Limit: Stick to given word limits and make sure you convey the essential message within it. Usually, the word limit of the message shouldn’t exceed more than 50 words.

Message Writing Format

Sample Message Writing Topics

Check out the below Message Writing Examples to learn how to write Messages. Use the Message Writing Samples as a quick reference and learn how to write one.

Sample 1: You are Snigdha. Your sister is not at home. You received a call from her friend saying that their dance class got canceled. As you are in a rush to go out, leave a message for her. Now write the message with a word limit of fewer than 50 words.

Message Writing Example

Sample 2: Madhu called Mrs. Sruthi a garments shop owner. Since she was not available, her assistant, Meghana answered. The following is a conversation between Madhu and Meghan. As Meghana has to go out immediately afterward, therefore she leaves a message for Mrs. Sruthi. Write the message in your own words?

Message Writing Sample

Tips & Tricks for Message Writing

Below are certain message writing tips that help you ace your preparation. They are as follows

  • While writing a message make sure the language you use is readable and to the point. Avoid using lengthy sentences and complex words that make overall content difficult to understand.
  • Stick to the given word limit.
  • Keep the content crisp and short and avoid using unnecessary details.
  • Plan the overall content before you start writing the message. Cover all the aspects and try to follow a similar sequence of events asked in the question.
  • After finishing the write-up do proofread and cross-check once so that you can avoid any typo or grammatical errors and upscale the quality.
  • Also, avoid using indirect or reported speech throughout the message.

Do Read:

FAQs on Message Writing

1. What is the Format of Message Writing?

Candidates are advised to follow a unique format while drafting a Message. General Message Writing Format is as follows.

  • Heading
  • Date
  • Time
  • Salutations
  • Body
  • Sender
  • Word Limit

2. What is Message Writing?

Message Writing is a short piece of information written to a certain person when you can’t communicate directly.

3. How to write a Message?

While writing a message make sure the language you use is readable and to the point. Keep the content concise and cover all the essential aspects you want to convey to the other person. Proofread and Cross-Check for any Typo or Grammatical Mistakes.

Final Words

We wish the information shed regarding the Message Writing Format, Tips and Tricks has shed some light on you. If you have any questions left unanswered do leave us your suggestions so that we can guide you. Bookmark our site to avail latest updates on all such topics in no time.

List of 50 Difficult Words with Meanings, Synonyms and Pronounciation | Most Difficult Words in English

50 Difficult Words With Meanings

50 Difficult Words With Meaning in English: Well, we all have at least once gone through the examinations where an enhanced vocabulary plays a vital role. Even in prominent examinations like TOEFL and others, this is something that matters a lot, and this is a significant reason behind understanding and learning some difficult words with their meanings. But have you ever given it much focus and practiced enough for the same?

Vocabulary List provided helps in the competitive examinations and also in various stages of life. This article on 50 difficult words with their meanings is essential for better preparation for the students as well as for the adults. Experts precisely curate this article to help serve various needs. Read on 50 Difficult Words with Meanings for Class 4, 5, Different English Words With meanings and sentences.

Also, Read: Non-Technical Topics for Group Discussions

50 Difficult Words With Meanings, Pronunciation and Sentences

Here is the List of Hard Words and Meanings in English. Improve your Vocabulary and also how to Pronounce the most difficult words provided. Most of the Words which we use while interacting are synonyms and we never use them. However, they will be quite useful when you face any competitive exams. Good Vocabulary will always take you ahead in life. Below List of 50 Most Difficult Words and Meanings carefully organized will enhance your English Vocabulary for sure.

1. Abnegation 

Pronounced as /abnɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/.

Meaning – Renouncing any belief or doctrine.

Example – I have a strong belief in the abnegation of religions and cultures.

2. Aggrandize 

Pronounced as /əˈɡrandʌɪz/

Meaning – An enhanced wealth, status or power

Example – This act intended to aggrandize the British community.

3. Alacrity

Pronounced as /əˈlakrɪti/

Meaning – Eagerness

Example – He is too influenced by her that he accepted the invitation with alacrity.

4. Anachronistic

Pronounced as /ənakrəˈnɪstɪk/

Meaning – Chronologically misplaced

Example – He rebels with his parents, and it seems that he is against society’s anachronistic moralities.

5. Archetypal

Pronounced as /ˌɑːkɪˈtʌɪp(ə)l/

Meaning – quintessential of a specific kind

Example – He is the country’s archetypal doctor.

6. Ascetic

Pronounced as /əˈsɛtɪk/

Meaning – A person who practices self-denial as a part of spiritual discipline

Example – She recently adopted an ascetic life of fasting, prayer, and manual labour after watching some influential sessions.

7. Beguile

Pronounced as /bɪˈɡʌɪl/

Meaning – Influencing someone in a deceptive manner

Example – He succeeds to beguile the voters with his charming personality along with the good agendas.

8. Blandishment

Pronounced as /ˈblandɪʃm(ə)nt/

Meaning – Intentional flattery for persuasion

Example – He does not seem any stranger to blandishments.

9. Cajole

Pronounced as /kəˈdʒəʊl/

Meaning – Persuade by flattery or coaxing

Example – He hoped that he might succeed to cajole her into giving up her book.

10. Callous

Pronounced as (/ˈkaləs/

Meaning – Cruel disregard for others

Example – His callous statements can scare anyone off and made them shiver.

11. Camaraderie

Pronounced as /kaməˈrɑːd(ə)ri/

Meaning – A sense of solidarity that arises out of sociability and familiarity

Example – All my friends admire the camaraderie of military life.

12. Circumlocution

Pronounced as /ˌsəːkəmləˈkjuːʃ(ə)n/

Meaning – Unnecessary usage of more words to express something

Example – The politicians deliberately use circumlocution for influencing the public to vote for them.

13. Clamor

Pronounced as /ˈklamə/

Meaning – Proclaiming something noisily

Example – The questions turned to a clamour in the parliament meeting.

14. Cognizant

Pronounced as /ˈkɒ(ɡ)nɪz(ə)nt/

Meaning – Awareness or realization

Example – One must be cognizant of the legal boundaries while taking any action or starting any business.

15. Construe

Pronounced as /kənˈstruː/

Meaning – Interpreting or assigning a meaning

Example – None of his words ever construes like an apology, even if he tries harder.

16. Convivial

Pronounced as /kənˈvɪvɪəl/

Meaning – An enjoyable atmosphere or a jovial company

Example – The party that I attended last night turned out to be a convivial one; thus, I had a perfect time.

17. Demagogue

Pronounced as /ˈdɛməɡɒɡ/

Meaning – A political leader who makes use of rhetoric to appeal to the desires of the citizens

Example – The current PM is a demagogue who always succeeds in manipulating the press.

18. Denigrate

Pronounced as /ˈdɛnɪɡreɪt/

Meaning – Criticize someone unfairly

Example – Several people denigrate their nation due to some petty issues.

19. Didactic

Pronounced as /dɪˈdaktɪk/

Meaning – Instructive with some moral intent

Example – Most of the novels exposing social injustice are highly didactic.

20. Disparate

Pronounced as /ˈdɪsp(ə)rət/

Meaning – Belonging to a distinct kind

Example – My phone storage has a disparate list of songs from various singers and producers.

21. Eclectic

Pronounced as /ɪˈklɛktɪk/

Meaning – Deriving the best ideas and styles from diverse sources

Example – The museum had an eclectic collection of antiques and ancient scriptures; thus, visiting it is highly fascinating.

22. Egregious

Pronounced as /ɪˈɡriːdʒəs/

Meaning – Shocking or outrageously bad

Example – Any statesman showing such behavior is an egregious act.

23. Embezzlement

Pronounced as /ɛmˈbɛzlm(ə)nt/

Meaning – misappropriation of funds

Example – The Company’s previous finance head got fired after being charged for fraud and embezzlement.

24. Enervate

Pronounced as /ˈɛnəveɪt/

Meaning – Lacking in vitality or morally drained

Example – Due to the hot sunny day, she enervated and fainted.

25. Ephemeral

Pronounced as /ɪˈfɛm(ə)r(ə)l/

Meaning – Lasting for a short period

Example – This is an ephemeral plant that brings immense beauty to the surrounding.

List of 50 Difficult Words With Meanings

26. Equanimity

Pronounced as /ˌɛkwəˈnɪmɪti/

Meaning – Maintaining composure when stressful

Example – He was highly admired due to gentler behavior with sufficient equanimity.

27. Fatuous

Pronounced as /ˈfatjʊəs/

Meaning – Lacking intelligence or silly

Example – Her actions seem fatuous many times.

28. Gratuitous

Pronounced as /ɡrəˈtjuːɪtəs/

Meaning – Uncalled for or unwarranted

Example – A 24 –year-old working woman reported gratuitous violence in the office.

29. Iconoclast

Pronounced as /ʌɪˈkɒnəklast/

Meaning – Someone who criticizes or attacks cherished ideas and beliefs of people

Example – He broke into the church with an iconoclast mob and planted reformation in the city.

30. Idiosyncratic

Pronounced as /ˌɪdɪə(ʊ)sɪŋˈkratɪk/

Meaning – Something peculiar to an individual

Example – Tesla’s new car model seems idiosyncratic to the older ones.

31. Incumbent

Pronounced as /ɪnˈkʌmb(ə)nt/

Meaning – Someone who holds a position

Example – To run the congress, one must beat the incumbent first.

32. Inveterate

Pronounced as /ɪnˈvɛt(ə)rət/

Meaning – Habitual

Example – She is an inveterate gossip lover.

33. Libertarian

Pronounced as /ˌlɪbəˈtɛːrɪən/

Meaning – someone who advocates civil liberty

Example – A libertarian seeks to ensure political freedom and maximize it for various benefits.

34. Licentious

Pronounced as /lʌɪˈsɛnʃəs/

Meaning – Someone who is promiscuous

Example – He was a mean ruler who exhibited licentious behaviour.

35. Mendacious

Pronounced as /mɛnˈdeɪʃəs/

Meaning – Deceitful

Example – Instead of giving many mendacious stories, one must try to be honest for once.

36. Multifarious

Pronounced as /ˌmʌltɪˈfɛːrɪəs/

Meaning – Multifaceted or diverse

Example – This is a fantastic university with multifarious study and learning options.

37. Obdurate

Pronounced as /ˈɒbdjʊrət/

Meaning – Being stubborn and refusing to change the opinion

Example – We argued for an hour, but he was obdurate in his belief.

38. Ostracism

Pronounced as /ˈɒstrəsɪz(ə)m/

Meaning – Excluding a person or some group from the society by majority consent

Example – After his shameful crime, his entire family suffered Ostracism from the village.

39. Pejorative

Pronounced as /pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv/

Meaning – Showing disapproval

Example – Most of his words were pejorative.

40. Pertinacious

Pronounced as /ˌpəːtɪˈneɪʃəs/

Meaning – Someone who is stubbornly unyielding

Example – The pertinacious little girl kept trying to sell cookies to a toothless man.

41. Phlegmatic

Pronounced as /flɛɡˈmatɪk/

Meaning – Expressing little or no emotion

Example – In earlier days, many phlegmatic British members ruled over India.

42. Promulgate

Pronounced as /ˈprɒm(ə)lɡeɪt/

Meaning – Broadcast or announce

Example – This is an urgent notice thus is promulgated instantly all across the institute.

43. Quotidian

Pronounced as /kwɒˈtɪdɪən/

Meaning – Something that occurs daily

Example – For the owners of pet dogs, taking them to a walk becomes a quotidian event.

44. Recalcitrant

Pronounced as /rɪˈkalsɪtr(ə)nt/

Meaning – Resistant to authority

Example – A group of some recalcitrant fifteen-year-olds indulged in rash driving.

45. Sanctimonious

Pronounced as /ˌsaŋ(k)tɪˈməʊnɪəs/

Meaning – Exhibiting moral superiority

Example – Rubina is known to reflect a sanctimonious personality in the show.

46. Solipsism

Pronounced as /ˈsɒlɪpsɪz(ə)m/

Meaning – Quality of being selfish and self-centred

Example – In the modern era, society is full of people with a solipsism mentality.

47. Travesty

Pronounced as /ˈtravɪsti/

Meaning – Distorting facts or imitation

Example – Michael travestied his family in his plays for his selfish causes.

48. Ubiquitous

Pronounced as /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/

Meaning – Omnipresent or existing everywhere

Example – God has a ubiquitous influence in the entire world.

49. Vicissitude

Pronounced as /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/

Meaning – An unwelcome or unpleasant change in circumstances or fortune

Example – Even after having many vicissitudes in life, nothing could stop him from being the CEO of a prominent MNC and gaining success in life.

50. Vociferous

Pronounced as /və(ʊ)ˈsɪf(ə)rəs/

Meaning – Something or someone who is offensively/ conspicuously loud.

Example – He was known to be a vociferous opponent of the takeover.

Importance of Learning 50 Difficult English Words

There are many difficult words in every language, especially in English, that are unknown to even many of the native speakers of the language. These words are troublesome and are very problematic in various instances. Thus, getting hold of such words becomes a difficult task and is significantly more difficult for the ones preparing for any competitive examination. As the students ease some more contemporary techniques for learning and understanding the difficult words with their meanings, and thus it gets easier for them to have a better vocabulary.

For all the people wishing to pursue an education in foreign universities or clearing some prominent entrance examinations, it is essential to fare well in the verbal ability section. For that, it is necessary to have a good grasp of vocabulary. The list of 50 difficult words with their meanings is beneficial for all the students as well as the adults.

Conclusion

We wish the data shed regarding the 50 Difficult Words with Meanings has enlightened you. If you have any queries feel free to reach us and we can get back to you with possible help. For more such topics of English Grammar do Bookmark our site to avail latest updates in no time.

Omission Exercises for Class 9 CBSE With Answers

Omission Exercises for Class 9 CBSE

In the following passage, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet against the blanks given. The word that forms your answer should be underlined. The first one has been done for you.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Omission Exercises for Class 9 CBSE With Answers PDF

1. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

Governments are starting programmes teach adults programmes to teach
1. how to read write, how to do their ………………..
2. jobs better, how to farm, and how to healthier ………………..
3. and take better care of the health their families ………………..
4. Programmes are also started to help adults finish ………………..
5. high school. Adult education programs under ………………..
6. way in Europe in Asia, in Africa, and in South and North America ………………..

2. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the
word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

Education can taken to adults in can be taken
1. different ways. In India, for example, television ………………..
2. has played an important role in bringing education to rural areas. Educational television programmes ………………..
3. that do not require learners to be able to read ………………..
4. or write broadcast using satellite transmission. ………………..
5. The programmes are about how to have better health ………………..
6. how to improve farming, and how make small businesses work better ………………..

3. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

Perspiration is of the ways to keep is one of
1. our body ‘furnace’ at nice normal ………………..
2. temperature. Actually, body temperature ………………..
3. is controlled by centre in the brain known ………………..
4. as the temperature centre. It consists three ………………..
5. parts: a control centre, heating centre, ………………..
6. and cooling centre. ………………..

4. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

The era mass tourism in the mountain era of mass
1. regions of industrialized countries soon ………………..
2. after World War II. new phenomenon was ………………..
3. a result of factors, including increases in urban populations, income, vacation time, and ………………..
4. mobility. Today, in era of cheap, global air ………………..
5. travel, almost mountains in any comer ………………..
6. of the world out of reach. ………………..

5. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

Timely help locals saved the help from locals
1. life of a student caught heavy snowfall ………………..
2. in Shimla. The girl returning home when ………………..
3. the taxi she was travelling was caught in ………………..
4. the heavy snowfall people spotted her. ………………..
5. and lifted on their back and walked ………………..
6. almost three kilometres safety. ………………..

6. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

How does a tree die? When it is cut down with an
1. down an axe. But sometimes we may ………………..
2. end hurting or killing a tree without ………………..
3. meaning. It may happen when we ………………..
4. carve names or draw a heart a ………………..
5. tree trunk by cutting at bark ………………..
6. of a tree with knife. ………………..

7. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

spate of tiger
1. Alarmed at the spate tiger deaths in Kaziranga ………………..
2. the Environment Ministry directed the Wildlife ………………..
3. Crime Control Bureau to probe into the possible ………………..
4. role of organised gangs in the killings. This is ………………..
5. for the first time that the WCCB has been entrusted ………………..
6. with such a sensitive task. ………………..

8. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

Notwithstanding the terror strikes Mumbai, strikes on Mumbai
1. India continues attract tourists with a majority ………………..
2. of them flocking to Kashmir. “India a safe destination ………………..
3. and Kashmir is absolutely safe. It is open tourist traffic,” ………………..
4. said Director, India Tourism, UK, Jagdish Chander at ………………..
5. the First Incredible India 20XX Roadshow at Marriott ………………..
6. London, UK. Kashmir is fully booked tourists this summer. ………………..

9. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

Pinki Sonkar, the star the Oscar-winning documentary star of the
1. ‘Smile Pinki’, is longer an unknown little girl ………………..
2. from a small village Mirzapur. She is now the poster ………………..
3. girl for the children bom a cleft or gap in the ………………..
4. upper lip palate. ‘Smile Pinki’, a 39-minute film by ………………..
5. US-based filmmaker Megan Mylan, recounts Pinki ………………..
6. bom a poor family and with a cleft lip, was taken by a social worker to a hospital which provides free surgery to children with deformities. ………………..

10. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and after it in your notebooks against the correct blank numbers. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

Recently the Mumbai airport witness airport was witness
1. to heart-stopping high-speed drama unfolded ………………..
2. in the span of than a minute when an Indian Air Force ………………..
3. helicopter President‘s VVIP squadron ………………..
4. landed on runway 27 on an Air India aircraft ………………..
5. was speeding towards take-off the same time. The Air ………………..
6. India aircraft aborted take-off and came to a halt barely 300 metres the IAF chopper. ………………..

Message Writing for Class 9 CBSE Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Message Writing for Class 9 CBSE

A message is a short, informal piece of writing conveying information received over the telephone, public address system or in person, to a person for whom the information was intended but who was not at hand to receive the information.

In other words, it is a piece of information given by a third person to be passed on to a particular person. Messages must be brief, yet have all the information. It is usually a telephonic message that has to be reported/passed on to someone.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 9 English Chapter wise.

Message Writing for Class 9 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises PDF

Sometimes, information is received over the telephone, public address system or in person. A message is a short, informal piece of writing conveying the information to a person for whom the information was intended but who was not at hand to receive the information.

Message Writing Sample Message for Class 9 CBSE

Read the following telephone conversation that took place between the salesman of an electrical appliances shop and an unsatisfied customer. The manager is away from the shop. The salesman leaves a message for him. Write the message using not more than 50 words.

Customer: Hello! Is this Taj Electrical Appliances?
Salesman: Yes, Madam. What can I do for you?
Customer: I’ve got a problem with the hairdryer that I bought last week.
Salesman: I’m sorry to hear that. What is the problem?
Customer: Well, first of all, I ordered it two months ago but I received it only last week. Secondly, I find it useless.
Salesman: Does it work?
Customer: It doesn’t dry my hair. When I switch it on, it just goes ‘buzzzzz’ but it does not get hot at all.
Salesman: Madam, I apologize. We’ll be happy to replace the dryer for you. Or we’ll give you a refund instead.
Customer: Oh, great! I’d like a refund then.

Message

22 March, 20xx

5:30 p.m.

Sir,
An angry customer who bought a hairdryer last week rang up. Said she’d ordered it two months ago but received it only last week. Secondly, she found it useless as it didn’t dry her hair and does not get hot at all.

She requested for a refund.
Ram Gopal

Message Writing Practice Message for Class 9 CBSE

1. Read the telephone conversation between Bhavya and Karan. As Karan has to leave for his school, he will not be able to meet his father. He leaves a message for him. Complete the following message in not more than 50 words.

  • Bhavya: Hello! Is that Mr Sakhuja’s residence?
  • Karan: Yes.
  • Bhavya: May I speak to Mr Sakhuja? I am Bhavya Sharma, son of his colleague, Mr Ram Nath Sharma.
  • Karan: Papa is not at home. He’s gone for his morning walk. Is there a message that I can take for him?
  • Bhavya: My father had to leave for Dehradun all of a sudden as my grandfather is admitted in the hospital. So he won’t be able to attend the office for a week. Kindly tell your father to submit his leave application at the office.
  • Karan: Don’t worry, I’ll leave a message. Is there anything else?
  • Bhavya: Yes! Please inform your father that he should attend the meeting of the Board of Directors today instead of Dad.
  • Karan: All right.
  • Bhavya: Thanks. Bye.
  • Karan: Bye.

Message

5 September

4:30 p.m.

Papa,
Mr Ram Nath Sharma’s son Bhavya called up. His father has (a) ………………………… He wants you (b) ………………………… and (c) ………………………… instead of him.

Karan

2. Ramesh is leaving Delhi for Chennai to join his college after the summer break. After hearing the announcement given below he sends a message to his mother with his driver. As Ramesh, write the message in not more than 50 words. Put the message in a box.

Good Afternoon.

This is an important announcement for all passengers leaving by IC 265 to Chennai. We regret that the plane will not leave as scheduled at 5 p.m. due to a technical fault in the landing system. All passengers are requested to move to the lounge for some refreshments arranged for them. We deeply regret the inconvenience caused. We will announce the new schedule for departure as soon as we receive information from the engineer.

3. Below is a telephone message noted down by you for your younger brother. Later, you write a detailed message for him. Refer to your notes and write down the complete message in not more than 50 words. Put the message in a box.

Rajeevan’s phone – reaching Gwalior from Nagpur – 18 April – GT Express – receive at station – arrange trip to Shivpuri National Park – visiting relative at Gwalior – returning Nagpur on 7 May – reserve ticket AC chair car Shatabdi Express.

Modals Exercises for Class 11 CBSE With Answers

Modals Exercises for Class 11 CBSE

What are modal verbs?
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs that behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like “work, play, visit…” They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 11 English Chapter wise.

Modals Exercise For Class 11 CBSE With Answers PDF

Use suitable modals to complete the dialogue given below.

Waiter: Good evening, sir. What (a) ……………… you like to have?
Man: I (b) ……………… like to have a drink.
Waiter: What drink (c) …………….. you like, sir?
Man: You (d) ……………… bring something hot.
Waiter: (e) ……………….. I bring a cup of coffee?
Man: Yes, you (f) ………………..
Waiter: (g) …………….. you like it with milk or without milk?
Man: I (h) …………… like it with milk. I (i) …………….. like to have a sandwich too.
Waiter: (j) ……………. I bring a veg sandwich or non-veg sandwich?
Man: I (k) ………………. take veg.
Waiter: I (l) …………….. be back within a few minutes, sir.
Answer:
(a) would
(b) would
(c) would
(e) May
(f) may
(g) would
(h) would
(i) would
(j) Should
(k) will
(l) will/shall

The words that describe the ‘mode’ of the verb are called modals. They are also called modal auxiliaries. They are never used alone. Together with the verb which follows them, they express the mode or manner of the action denoted by the verb.

The main modals are:
can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, need to have to

The negative modals are:
couldn’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t, mustn’t, needn’t, oughtn’t/ought not to

Modal Example Uses
can/can’t She can swim very well.
It can rain today.
Can you help me?
Can I help you with this work?
ability
possibility/probability
request
offer
could/couldn’t Could you please repeat what you said?
We could go for a movie today.
I think you could come first this time.
There was a time when I could run with the hare.
request
suggestion
possibility/probability past ability
may May I have some sugar?
May I help you?
May I open the window?
India may become a superpower by 2020.
May God bless you.
request
offer
permission
possibility/probability
wish/desire
might They might give us a good discount. future possibility/probability
will/won’t It is raining so I will stay at home.
I will help you if you come over.
Will you help me?
It will rain tonight.
I will get you a laptop from Australia.
intention
offer
request
prediction
promise
would/wouldn’t Would you mind if I take an off tomorrow?
Would you pass the salt?
Would five o’clock suit you?
Yes, it would.
Would you have dinner with us tonight?
Would you prefer tea or coffee?
permission
request
making arrangements
invitation
preference
shall/should Shall I help you?
Shalt we meet at 3.00 p.m.?
We should check the timings of the train.
You should listen to your conscience.
offer
making arrangements
recommended action
advice
ought to You ought to serve your parents.
The bus ought to be here any minute.
advice
probability
must/mustn’t We must make a move now.
You must do your duty.
obligation
necessity
need He need not go to the market.
You need to lose weight.
I need to take time off.
necessity
compulsion
insistence

Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

(i) You ……………….. not be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven’t got a penny to their name.
(ii) I’ve done this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the
answer key. The answer in the book …………….. be wrong!
(iii) You ……………… do the job if you don’t speak Japanese fluently.
(iv) You …………….. not worry so much. It doesn’t do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don’t. If you don’t, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.
Answer:
(i) need
(ii) may/could/must
(iii) cannot
(iv) should

Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

Whenever I think of my school Principal, I feel highly impressed by his habit of going on a regular morning walk. He …………………………. get up early. Rain or storm, he …………………………. go for a walk. Even when he fell ill, no one in the house …………………………. stops him from going out. He …………………………. always say that morning walks …………………………. cure him of illnesses and he was right. He never fell ill. At the age of seventy – five, he …………………………. run for miles together and …………………………. leave youngsters far behind. Now he is running ninety miles …………………………. he lives long!
Answer:
Whenever I think of my school Principal, I feel highly impressed by his habit of going on a regular morning walk. He would get up early. Rain or storm, he will go on for a walk. Even when he fell ill, no one in the house could stop him from going out. He used to always say that morning walks—cure him of illnesses and he was right. He never fell ill. At the age of seventy—five, he—run for miles together and even leave youngsters far behind. Now he is running ninety miles. May he live long!

Fill in the blanks with suitable modals.

The art of cooking was perfected in ancient India. When people were eating raw meat the world over, Indians …………………………. prepare hundreds of food items from one single commodity. Even today we know that we …………………………. prepare many items from milk alone. It …………………………. be curd, butter, cheese, sweet burfis, etc. Unfortunately, this milk-producing country is running short of milk. We …………………………. not improve this condition unless we pay serious attention to our milk – cattle. We …………………………. improve their breed by new scientific methods. Attention …………………………. also be paid to their proper nourishment.
Answer:
The art of cooking was perfected in ancient India. When people were eating raw meat the world over, Indians would prepare hundreds of food items from one single commodity. Even today we know that we can prepare many items from milk alone. It may be curd, butter, cheese, sweet burfis, etc. Unfortunately, this milk-producing country is running short of milk. We will not improve this condition unless we pay serious attention to our milk—cattle. We ought to improve their breed by new scientific methods. Attention must also be paid to their proper nourishment.

Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 CBSE With Answers

Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10

Transformation of sentences means to change the form of a sentence without changing its meaning. A simple sentence can be changed into a complex or a compound sentence and vice versa. Similarly, an interchange of affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences can be done; without changing their meaning. Given below are some of the ways to transform a sentence.

Basic English Grammar rules can be tricky. In this article, we’ll get you started with the basics of sentence structure, punctuation, parts of speech, and more.

We also providing Extra Questions for Class 10 English Chapter wise.

Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 CBSE With Answers PDF

Sentence Transformation Exercises Practice Examples for Class 10 CBSE

1. Complete the news stories accompanying the following headlines by filling in the blanks. Write only the correct answers against the correct blank numbers in your answer sheets. Do not copy the whole sentence. (1/2 x 6 = 3 marks)

(a) Homework for Kids Makes Parents Fret
Summer vacation may be great for children but not always for hapless parents who ……………………………. set by the school.

(b) IIM Bangalore Retains Old Fee
IIM Bangalore has ……………………………. after months of deliberations and meetings.

(c) Sri Lanka Beat Malaysia to Take Peace Cup
Sri Lanka won ……………………………. Snooker Tournament played in Chandigarh.

(d) DU a Hit with Foreign Students
The increasing number of foreign students at Delhi University proves ……………………………. foreign students.

(e) Lok Sena Opposes Caste-based Job Reservations
The Lok Sena ……………………………. government and private sectors.

(f) Pet dog Saves the Life of Toddler
A pet dog ……………………………. toddler by alerting neighbours about a fire in the room.

2. Complete the following dialogue between Diana and her mother discussing hotel reservations. Write only the correct answers against the correct blank numbers in your answer sheets. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)

Diana: Mother, how are we going to Puri?
Mother: (a) …………………………….
Diana: Oh! that’s nice. Which plane are we flying by?
Mother: Well, I have managed to book tickets with Indian Airlines.
Diana: (b) …………………………….
Mother: I have booked rooms at the Sea Queen Hotel.
Diana: (c) …………………………….
Mother: Yes, it is situated on the beach itself.

3. Complete the following dialogue between a secretary and her boss. Write only the correct answers against the correct blank numbers in your answer sheets. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)

Boss: John, why haven’t you put away the files as yet?
John: Sir, I am sorry but I was just going to do it today.
Boss: (a) …………………………….
John: I was waiting for the new filing cabinet that I have ordered.
Boss: (b) …………………………….
John: It was supposed to be delivered this morning.
Boss: (c) …………………………….
John: No, Sir I was busy completing the work that you had left for me.
Boss: How can you possibly work in such an untidy environment?

4. Complete the following dialogue between a garage mechanic and a customer. Write only the correct answers against the correct blank numbers in your answer sheets. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)

Mechanic: Yes, Sir what can I do for you?
Customer: (a) …………………………….
Mechanic: Are the brakes giving you some trouble?
Customer: (b) …………………………….
Mechanic: Very well, you will have to leave the car for a day with me.
Customer: (c) …………………………….
Mechanic: It will cost you about 200 rupees.

5. Complete the following dialogue between two friends. Write only the correct answers against the correct blank numbers in your answer sheets. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)

Tom: Sam, guess what, I have got two tickets for the new movie. Would you like to go with me?
Sam: (a) …………………………….
Tom: (b) …………………………….
Sam: Thursday evening! No way, I have my guitar classes.
Tom: (c) …………………………….
Sam: No, way, if I don’t go even for one day I will miss a lot of course.
Tom: In that case, I will ask Sharon

6. Read the comic strip and complete the passage that follows. Write the correct answers in your answer sheets against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole sentence. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)
Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 1

One evening Tim asked his father (a) ……………………………. His father replied that he did. Then Tim wanted to know (b) …………………………… . His father once again replied that he would. But when Tim kept on insisting, his father got suspicious and shouted at him, asking him (c) …………………………….

7. Read the comic strip and complete the passage that follows. Write the correct answers in your answer sheets against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole sentence. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)
Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 2
Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 3
Rohan went up to a policeman and informed him (a) …………………………… . The policeman wanted to know where Rohan was that time. Rohan replied (b) ……………………………. at that time. Then the policeman wanted to know at what time he had been there and for how long. Rohan said that he had been there from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. Finally, the policeman said that (c) ……………………………. be tough.

8. Read the comic strip and complete the passage that follows. Write the correct answers in your answer sheets against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole sentence. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)
Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 4
One day a worried Will told Tina that the teacher had told Jack that (a) …………………………… . However he was a little relieved because he felt that Jack (b) ……………………………. but unfortunately he had (c) ……………………………. the back.

9. Read the comic strip and complete the passage that follows. Write the correct answers in your answer sheets against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole sentence. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)
Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 5
Jean told Stuart that she had heard that (a) …………………………… . He replied that (b) ……………………………. and he was thinking of (c) …………………………… .

10. Read the comic strip and complete the passage that follows. Write the correct answers in your answer sheets against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole sentence. (1 x 3 = 3 marks)
Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 6
Sentence Transformation Exercises for Class 10 7
Seeta asked her mother (a) …………………………… . Her mother was surprised and wanted to know why (b) ……………………………. sleep late. She replied that she had decided to go for morning walks regularly. The mother was pleased but asked her not (c) ……………………………. past. Seeta replied that (d) …………………………….